Q80. Under which Article is the law declared by the Supreme Court binding upon all courts in India?
[WBCS Mains, Polity and Economy, 2023]
(A) Article 131
(B) Article 141
(C) Article 142
(D) Article 143
Answer: (B) Article 141
Explanation: Article 141 gives precedential authority to the law declared by the Supreme Court. Article 142 provides complete-justice powers, Article 143 advisory reference jurisdiction, and Article 131 covers certain original interstate or Union–State disputes.
Q79. Which of these are associated with the Supreme Court: the collegium system, appellate jurisdiction and original jurisdiction?
[BPSC 68th Prelims, 12 February 2023]
(A) Collegium only
(B) Appellate jurisdiction only
(C) Original jurisdiction only
(D) More than one of these
Answer: (D) More than one of these
Explanation: The Supreme Court exercises original and appellate jurisdictions, and the collegium system concerns judicial appointments. Thus more than one listed feature applies. The Court also has advisory and review powers within the constitutional structure.
Q78. Which Supreme Court judgment recognized the right of persons with disabilities to reservation in promotion in the relevant case?
[SSC CGL Tier-II, 26 October 2023]
(A) Indra Sawhney case
(B) Rajeev Gupta case
(C) State of Kerala v. Leesamma Joseph
(D) State of Kerala v. N.M. Thomas
Answer: (C) State of Kerala v. Leesamma Joseph
Explanation: The Court’s decision in State of Kerala v. Leesamma Joseph addressed reservation in promotion for persons with disabilities. Disability-based accommodations and safeguards are not simply identical to the rules governing caste-based promotional reservation.
Q77. When did the Supreme Court of India come into existence constitutionally?
[SSC CGL Tier-II, 26 October 2023]
(A) 30 January 1935
(B) 26 January 1950
(C) 15 August 1947
(D) 2 October 1952
Answer: (B) 26 January 1950
Explanation: The Supreme Court was constituted when the Constitution came into effect on 26 January 1950, and its inauguration followed two days later. The Federal Court and Privy Council had served distinct earlier judicial functions.
Q76. Which Article states that Supreme Court judgments declaring law bind all courts within India?
[SSC CGL Tier-II, 26 October 2023]
(A) Article 143
(B) Article 142
(C) Article 144
(D) Article 141
Answer: (D) Article 141
Explanation: Article 141 establishes the binding force of Supreme Court declarations of law. Article 144 obliges all civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court; these related provisions serve different constitutional purposes.
Q75. Which Supreme Court judge recused himself from hearing litigation regarding extension of the Enforcement Directorate Director’s tenure?
[SSC CGL Tier-II, 26 October 2023]
(A) Justice D.Y. Chandrachud
(B) Justice B.R. Gavai
(C) Justice S.K. Kaul
(D) Justice A.S. Bopanna
Answer: (C) Justice S.K. Kaul
Explanation: Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul was associated with recusal in the relevant proceedings. Judicial recusal is meant to protect actual and apparent impartiality, allowing litigants to have confidence in a fair and independent hearing.
Q74. Which Article enables the Supreme Court to pass a decree for complete justice, including dissolution of a marriage in exceptional circumstances?
[SSC CHSL Tier-II, 26 June 2023]
(A) Article 142(1)
(B) Article 132(1)
(C) Article 122(1)
(D) Article 152(1)
Answer: (A) Article 142(1)
Explanation: Article 142(1) permits necessary orders for complete justice in a matter before the Supreme Court. Its use in matrimonial cases recognizes exceptional relief, but does not automatically transform ordinary divorce law for every trial court.
Q73. On which date was the modern Supreme Court of India established?
[SSC CGL Tier-I, 24 July 2023, Shift 2]
(A) 30 January 1935
(B) 26 January 1950
(C) 15 August 1947
(D) 2 October 1952
Answer: (B) 26 January 1950
Explanation: The Court came into existence under the Constitution on Republic Day, 26 January 1950. Its formal inaugural sitting occurred on 28 January 1950, an often-tested distinction in Indian judiciary questions.
Q72. Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to review its own judgments?
[SSC CGL Tier-I, 25 July 2023, Shift 3]
(A) Article 138
(B) Article 135
(C) Article 136
(D) Article 137
Answer: (D) Article 137
Explanation: Article 137 expressly allows the Supreme Court to review its judgments or orders, subject to law and applicable procedural rules. Review is narrower than an ordinary appeal; it is not a general opportunity to reargue all issues.
Q71. Which retired Supreme Court judge was appointed chairperson of the New Delhi International Arbitration Centre in 2023?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I, 14 August 2023, Shift 4]
(A) Justice S.K. Kaul
(B) Justice Hemant Gupta
(C) Justice Pankaj Mithal
(D) Justice Ajay Rastogi
Answer: (B) Justice Hemant Gupta
Explanation: Justice Hemant Gupta, a retired Supreme Court judge, was appointed chairperson of the New Delhi International Arbitration Centre. The question tests a judicial appointment after retirement rather than a constitutional limit on sitting judges.
