Q100. Which judgment famously established the basic-structure limitation on Parliament’s constitutional amendment power?
[SSC MTS, 21 October 2024, Shift 1]
(A) Kesavananda Bharati case
(B) Maneka Gandhi case
(C) Golaknath case
(D) Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain case
Answer: (A) Kesavananda Bharati case
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) established that Article 368 does not empower Parliament to destroy the Constitution’s basic structure. Subsequent decisions applied and developed the principle to protect essential constitutional features.
Q99. Under which Article is the law declared by the Supreme Court binding on every court in India?
[SSC CPO, 27 June 2024, Shift 2]
(A) Article 147
(B) Article 137
(C) Article 141
(D) Article 151
Answer: (C) Article 141
Explanation: Article 141 makes the law declared by the Supreme Court binding upon all courts within India. It promotes uniform interpretation and judicial consistency. Article 137 separately empowers the Court to review its own judgments.
Q98. Justice Prashant Kumar Mishra and K.V. Viswanathan were appointed as judges of which court in May 2023?
[SSC GD Constable, 7 March 2024, Shift 4]
(A) Civil Court
(B) Supreme Court
(C) Consumer Commission
(D) High Court
Answer: (B) Supreme Court
Explanation: Both were appointed to the Supreme Court in May 2023. The question checks awareness of judicial appointments, which occur under the constitutional provisions governing the apex court and the established consultation process.
Q97. Which task is NOT ordinarily a function of the Supreme Court?
[SSC MTS, 17 October 2024, Shift 1]
(A) Review of executive constitutionality
(B) Settlement of federal disputes
(C) Maintaining land revenue records
(D) Protection of Fundamental Rights
Answer: (C) Maintaining land revenue records
Explanation: Land revenue records are maintained by relevant revenue departments, not the judiciary. The Supreme Court may adjudicate legal challenges involving such records but does not administer their day-to-day creation, correction or storage.
Q96. Which writ prevents a lower court or tribunal from acting outside its jurisdiction?
[SSC MTS, 13 November 2024, Shift 3]
(A) Prohibition
(B) Mandamus
(C) Habeas Corpus
(D) Quo Warranto
Answer: (A) Prohibition
Explanation: A writ of prohibition restrains a judicial or quasi-judicial authority from proceeding without jurisdiction or beyond lawful limits. Mandamus compels public duty, habeas corpus addresses unlawful detention, and quo warranto tests legal entitlement to public office.
Q95. Which of these Indian constitutional arrangements is commonly linked to the American model?
[SSC MTS, 9 October 2024, Shift 2]
(A) Procedure for removing Supreme Court judges
(B) British-style parliamentary privileges
(C) Cabinet government
(D) Parliamentary executive responsibility
Answer: (A) Procedure for removing Supreme Court judges
Explanation: India borrowed aspects of judicial independence and the removal procedure for superior-court judges from the American constitutional tradition. By contrast, cabinet responsibility and parliamentary institutions were strongly influenced by Westminster practice.
Q94. Who appoints an acting Chief Justice of India under Article 126?
[SSC MTS, 23 October 2024, Shift 3]
(A) President of India
(B) Senior-most available judge automatically
(C) Prime Minister
(D) Council of Ministers
Answer: (A) President of India
Explanation: Article 126 authorizes the President to appoint a Supreme Court judge to perform Chief Justice duties when the office is vacant or its holder is unable to act. Seniority is a convention but does not replace the constitutional appointment power.
Q93. Which Article concerns the salary and allowances of judges of the Supreme Court?
[SSC MTS, 16 October 2024, Shift 2]
(A) Article 125
(B) Article 127
(C) Article 124
(D) Article 126
Answer: (A) Article 125
Explanation: Article 125 addresses Supreme Court judges’ salaries, allowances and related entitlements. Parliament may prescribe them by law within constitutional safeguards. Article 124 instead addresses the Court’s establishment, membership and judicial appointment conditions.
Q92. In which year was the first motion seeking removal of a Supreme Court judge admitted in Parliament?
[SSC MTS, 15 October 2024, Shift 2]
(A) 1991
(B) 1988
(C) 1993
(D) 1995
Answer: (A) 1991
Explanation: The first such motion concerned Justice V. Ramaswami and was admitted in 1991. The removal motion subsequently failed in the Lok Sabha in 1993. The episode illustrates the demanding constitutional safeguards around judicial removal.
Q91. Under which Article has the Supreme Court exercised power to dissolve marriage on grounds of irretrievable breakdown?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I, 8 July 2024, Shift 3]
(A) Article 142
(B) Article 136
(C) Article 143
(D) Article 32
Answer: (A) Article 142
Explanation: Article 142 empowers the Supreme Court to make orders necessary for complete justice in a pending cause or matter. A Constitution Bench recognized its use to dissolve certain marriages on irretrievable-breakdown grounds, subject to careful safeguards.
