Q140. Which Articles were identified in a Supreme Court question as central to the prohibition of manual scavenging and protection of dignity?
[RRB Group D, 8 January 2026, Shift 1]
(A) Articles 12 and 20
(B) Articles 22 and 32
(C) Articles 15 and 16
(D) Articles 17 and 21
Answer: (D) Articles 17 and 21
Explanation: Article 17 abolishes untouchability, and Article 21 protects life with dignity. Both are especially relevant to degrading caste-linked sanitation practices. Statutory prohibitions and rehabilitation duties work alongside these constitutional guarantees against exploitation and indignity.
Q139. Which dispute ordinarily falls under the Supreme Court’s exclusive original jurisdiction in Article 131?
[SSC CGL, 16 September 2025, Shift 2]
(A) Dispute over inter-state river waters under a tribunal statute
(B) Dispute about election of an MLA
(C) Dispute between the Union and a State involving legal rights
(D) Appeal against a High Court criminal judgment
Answer: (C) Dispute between the Union and a State involving legal rights
Explanation: Article 131 addresses certain legal disputes involving the Union and States or States inter se. It is an original jurisdiction: the matter starts before the Supreme Court. Statutory exclusions and the nature of legal rights must still be considered.
Q138. Consider:
1. Article 139A deals with transfer of certain cases.
2. It was introduced by the Forty-second Amendment.
Which is correct?
[SSC CGL, 14 September 2025, Shift 1]
(A) Statement 1 only
(B) Statement 2 only
(C) Both statements
(D) Neither statement
Answer: (C) Both statements
Explanation: Article 139A empowers the Supreme Court to withdraw or transfer specified cases where common important questions of law arise. The Forty-second Constitutional Amendment, 1976, inserted the provision, allowing more coordinated adjudication of such questions.
Q137. Which Article gives a person the right to directly approach the Supreme Court to enforce Fundamental Rights?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 8 September 2025, Shift 1]
(A) Article 32
(B) Article 136
(C) Article 226
(D) Article 131
Answer: (A) Article 32
Explanation: Article 32 guarantees the right to constitutional remedies before the Supreme Court, including writ relief for Fundamental Rights. Article 226 governs High Court writs, Article 136 special-leave appeals, and Article 131 certain original federal disputes.
Q136. Under Article 130, who may designate a Supreme Court sitting place other than Delhi with the President’s approval?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 4 September 2025, Shift 3]
(A) Prime Minister
(B) Parliament
(C) Union Cabinet
(D) Chief Justice of India
Answer: (D) Chief Justice of India
Explanation: The Supreme Court sits in Delhi unless the Chief Justice of India, with the President’s approval, appoints another place or places. This is a constitutional arrangement under Article 130, not an independent decision of the Cabinet.
Q135. What minimum advocacy experience was stipulated in the Supreme Court’s May 2025 directions for entry-level judicial-service recruitment?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 4 September 2025, Shift 3]
(A) Doctoral qualification in law
(B) Three years at the Bar
(C) Minimum age of thirty years
(D) Mandatory national recruitment examination
Answer: (B) Three years at the Bar
Explanation: The Court restored a requirement of at least three years of legal practice for entry-level judicial-service candidates, subject to the directions’ application. The aim was to ensure practical courtroom exposure before assuming judicial responsibilities.
Q134. A Supreme Court question about denial of essential services for want of KYC referred primarily to which Article protecting life?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 2 September 2025, Shift 1]
(A) Article 14
(B) Article 21
(C) Article 25
(D) Article 30
Answer: (B) Article 21
Explanation: Article 21 protects life and personal liberty and has been interpreted to cover aspects of dignity and access to essential conditions of life. Administrative identification requirements cannot be applied in a manner that unjustifiably endangers protected interests.
Q133. What length of legal practice did the Supreme Court prescribe for prospective Civil Judges in its 2025 recruitment directions?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 1 September 2025, Shift 1]
(A) Two years
(B) Four years
(C) Five years
(D) Three years
Answer: (D) Three years
Explanation: The Supreme Court directed restoration of a three-year practice requirement for candidates seeking entry to the civil judge cadre. The direction emphasized courtroom experience and professional readiness, although its implementation depends on the governing recruitment framework.
Q132. The Supreme Court’s original jurisdiction under Article 131 concerns which type of dispute?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 21 August 2025, Shift 2]
(A) Ordinary criminal appeal
(B) Dispute between a State and the Union
(C) Private contract dispute between individuals
(D) Disqualification election petition for an MP
Answer: (B) Dispute between a State and the Union
Explanation: Article 131 specifies legal disputes involving the Union and one or more States or disputes between States in certain combinations. It does not generally cover ordinary private lawsuits or routine criminal appeals from lower courts.
Q131. Which Supreme Court case is especially associated with the basic-structure doctrine and the judicial review of amendments?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 20 August 2025, Shift 3]
(A) Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum
(B) Shankari Prasad v. Union of India
(C) Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
(D) I.C. Golaknath v. State of Punjab
Answer: (C) Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
Explanation: In Kesavananda Bharati (1973), a thirteen-judge bench held that Parliament may amend the Constitution but cannot destroy its basic structure. Judicial review operates within this constitutional framework as an important safeguard against unlimited amendment power.
