Q140. Which function belongs to district-level subordinate courts?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 2025]
A. Deciding civil and criminal cases within their assigned jurisdiction
B. Signing international treaties
C. Reviewing Supreme Court judgments
D. Drafting parliamentary legislation
Answer: (A) Deciding civil and criminal cases within their assigned jurisdiction
Explanation: District and subordinate courts are the main trial-level judicial institutions handling civil and criminal matters within defined jurisdictions. They operate under the relevant High Court’s constitutional control, unlike central executive or legislative institutions.
Q139. What is the principal objective of the National eCourts Project for district and subordinate courts?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, Shift 3, 2025]
A. Creating new administrative tribunals
B. Constructing rural courthouses only
C. Establishing police telephone networks
D. Digitizing and upgrading court processes
Answer: (D) Digitizing and upgrading court processes
Explanation: The national eCourts initiative seeks to modernize district and subordinate court processes through information technology, digitized records and better case-management tools. It is not a scheme for creating Central Administrative Tribunals or replacing judicial adjudication.
Q138. Put Articles 124, 131, 213, 222 and 225 of the Constitution in ascending numerical order.
[UGC NET Law, June 2025]
A. 124, 131, 213, 222, 225
B. 131, 124, 213, 225, 222
C. 213, 124, 131, 222, 225
D. 124, 213, 131, 225, 222
Answer: (A) 124, 131, 213, 222, 225
Explanation: Article 124 concerns the Supreme Court; 131 its original jurisdiction; 213 the Governor’s ordinance-making power; 222 transfers of High Court judges; and 225 existing jurisdiction of High Courts. Ascending numerical order is the first sequence.
Q137. Which category of criminal matters can be resolved by an ordinary Lok Adalat?
[RRB NTPC Graduate, 2025]
A. Murder trials
B. Constitutional references
C. Public-interest petitions as such
D. Compoundable offences
Answer: (D) Compoundable offences
Explanation: Lok Adalats may settle compoundable criminal offences through mutual agreement as permitted by law. Non-compoundable criminal offences are excluded. The conciliatory setting can also address many civil disputes and suitable cases before litigation.
Q136. Which statute established the National Legal Services Authority?
[RRB NTPC Graduate, 2025]
A. Public Interest Litigation Act, 1990
B. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
C. Advocates Act, 1961
D. Indian Bar Councils Act, 1926
Answer: (B) Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
Explanation: NALSA is established by the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. It supports free legal services and legal-awareness initiatives through national, state and district bodies, furthering the constitutional directive of equal justice in Article 39A.
Q135. Under Section 23 of the Senior Citizens Act, 2007, what remedy may a tribunal grant if a transferee fails to provide agreed essential care?
[RRB NTPC Graduate, Shift 2, 2025]
A. It cannot intervene after a gift deed
B. It must automatically punish imprisonment
C. It may only order police investigation
D. It may declare the transfer void where statutory conditions are met
Answer: (D) It may declare the transfer void where statutory conditions are met
Explanation: Section 23 of the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act allows a qualifying property transfer to be declared void if stipulated maintenance or basic amenities are not supplied. The specialized tribunal may provide the statutory remedy.
Q134. Why is no ordinary appeal available from a Lok Adalat’s compromise award?
[RRB NTPC Graduate, 2025]
A. The parties must appeal to Supreme Court
B. Every award can be reviewed
C. An appeal lies to High Court
D. The award is final and binding under the statute
Answer: (D) The award is final and binding under the statute
Explanation: Section 21 treats an ordinary Lok Adalat’s settlement award as a civil-court decree or equivalent order and makes it final and binding. The prohibition of appeals supports finality where the parties have voluntarily reached compromise.
Q133. Apart from the Chief Justice of India and the concerned High Court Chief Justice, whom is the President required to consult when appointing an ordinary High Court judge?
[RRB NTPC Graduate, 2025]
A. State Governor
B. District Magistrate
C. State Assembly Members
D. Union Cabinet alone
Answer: (A) State Governor
Explanation: The consultation requirements of Article 217 include the Governor of the concerned state. For appointments other than that of the High Court Chief Justice, the High Court Chief Justice is also consulted along with the Chief Justice of India.
Q132. High Courts derive their writ-issuing power from which constitutional provision?
[RRB NTPC Graduate, 2025]
A. Article 245
B. Article 231
C. Article 226
D. Article 32
Answer: (C) Article 226
Explanation: Article 226 authorizes High Courts to issue specified writs and orders for Fundamental Rights and other purposes. This is wider in subject matter than Article 32, which principally enables direct Supreme Court enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Q131. Which statement about Permanent Lok Adalats for public utility services was given as correct in the exam?
[RRB NTPC Graduate, 2025]
A. Their awards are not binding
B. They have pecuniary jurisdiction up to one crore rupees
C. They can only conciliate and never adjudicate
D. They decide serious criminal offences
Answer: (B) They have pecuniary jurisdiction up to one crore rupees
Explanation: The examination described a one-crore-rupee monetary threshold for Permanent Lok Adalats handling public-utility disputes. Their statutory scheme permits conciliation and, in eligible cases, a decision on merits. Pecuniary limits should always be checked against the operative notification.
