Q150. Under the BNSS, which judicial authority ordinarily grants statutory default bail following expiration of the investigation period?
[SSC CGL, 2025]
A. District Court only
B. Magistrate
C. High Court exclusively
D. Gram Nyayalaya exclusively
Answer: (B) Magistrate
Explanation: Default bail arises when statutory investigation periods expire without timely filing of the required report and conditions for the right are satisfied. The competent Magistrate ordinarily deals with the application. The question concerns subordinate criminal court powers.
Q149. Consider:
(1) The Supreme Court can transfer certain cases between High Courts;
(2) Article 139A was added by the 42nd Amendment.
Which is correct?
[SSC CGL, 2025]
A. Statement 1 alone
B. Statement 2 alone
C. Both statements
D. Neither statement
Answer: (C) Both statements
Explanation: Article 139A enables the Supreme Court to withdraw and transfer specified cases involving substantial legal questions. It was inserted through the 42nd Amendment. The provision is distinct from a High Court’s own transfer and superintendence powers.
Q148. Who has the constitutional authority to transfer a High Court judge to another High Court?
[BPSC Assistant Section Officer, 2025]
A. Prime Minister’s Office
B. President of India
C. Chief Justice of that High Court
D. Parliament
Answer: (B) President of India
Explanation: Under Article 222, the President may transfer a High Court judge after consultation with the Chief Justice of India. The executive order is constitutionally constrained by the consultation requirement and the jurisprudence governing judicial independence.
Q147. Which pair of constitutional articles deals expressly with tribunals?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 2025]
A. Articles 323A and 323B
B. Articles 32 and 226
C. Articles 356 and 360
D. Articles 14 and 15
Answer: (A) Articles 323A and 323B
Explanation: Article 323A deals with tribunals for public-service recruitment and service conditions. Article 323B permits tribunals for various enumerated subjects. Both are contained in Part XIV-A, unlike Articles 32 and 226 concerning writ remedies.
Q146. Which tribunal primarily adjudicates public servants’ central-government service grievances?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 2025]
A. Income Tax Appellate Tribunal
B. Armed Forces Tribunal
C. National Green Tribunal
D. Central Administrative Tribunal
Answer: (D) Central Administrative Tribunal
Explanation: The Central Administrative Tribunal hears eligible recruitment and service-condition disputes involving Central government employees and certain other personnel. It was established under the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, not under environmental or taxation legislation.
Q145. Article 129 expressly describes which institution as a court of record?
[UPSSSC PET, 2025]
A. Supreme Court
B. Gram Nyayalayas
C. District Courts
D. High Courts
Answer: (A) Supreme Court
Explanation: Article 129 declares the Supreme Court a court of record. High Courts separately possess that status through Article 215. Such courts preserve authoritative records and enjoy constitutionally recognized power to punish for contempt of themselves.
Q144. Which statements about NALSA are correct:
(I) formed under the 1987 Legal Services Act;
(II) issues the Naya Deep newsletter;
(III) CJI is Patron-in-Chief?
[DSSSB TGT Sanskrit, 2025]
A. I and III only
B. I, II and III
C. III alone
D. II alone
Answer: (B) I, II and III
Explanation: All three statements identify NALSA correctly. It is a statutory legal-aid body under the 1987 Act; Naya Deep is its newsletter; and the Chief Justice of India serves as Patron-in-Chief, providing institutional linkage with the judiciary.
Q143. Regarding judicial review:
(1) the phrase is expressly defined in the Constitution;
(2) judicial review forms part of the basic structure;
(3) an ordinary law may eliminate the power.
Which holds?
[Andhra Pradesh High Court Junior Assistant, 2025]
A. 2 and 3
B. 2 alone
C. 1 alone
D. All three
Answer: (B) 2 alone
Explanation: Judicial review is a basic-structure feature protected against destruction. The Constitution supplies the judicial-review power through provisions such as Articles 13, 32 and 226 without using it as an express definition. Ordinary legislation cannot extinguish that power.
Q142. Which feature of the 2021 Tribunals Ordinance was invalidated by the Supreme Court?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 2025]
A. Complete elimination of appeals
B. Mandatory retired High Court judges alone
C. Authority to create service tribunals
D. A fixed four-year tenure for tribunal members
Answer: (D) A fixed four-year tenure for tribunal members
Explanation: The Supreme Court disapproved a four-year tenure restriction affecting tribunal members’ institutional independence. Tribunal tenure and appointment conditions must conform to constitutional requirements ensuring meaningful adjudicatory autonomy and judicial-review safeguards.
Q141. Which constitutional principle governs the independence of tribunals from executive interference?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, Shift 3, 2025]
A. They must always be chaired by serving High Court judges
B. Their decisions may be dictated by executive departments
C. They must remain independent in adjudication like courts
D. The sponsoring ministry may direct case outcomes
Answer: (C) They must remain independent in adjudication like courts
Explanation: The Supreme Court has emphasized that tribunals discharging adjudicatory functions require independence from executive interference. Appointment structures, tenure and administrative arrangements must preserve impartial decision-making and effective judicial review rather than subject tribunals to departmental control.
