Q170. In what year was the Act enacted that gave Lok Adalats statutory status?
[DSSSB Primary Teacher, Shift 2, 2026]
A. 1977
B. 1967
C. 1987
D. 1997
Answer: (C) 1987
Explanation: Lok Adalats were formalized by the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. The Act established a broader legal-aid system and defined the status of awards arising from amicable settlement. The institution itself had begun functioning before the statute.
Q169. Which constitutional amendment revised judicial salary provisions concerning the Supreme Court and High Courts?
[DSSSB Primary Teacher, Shift 1, 2026]
A. 54th Amendment
B. 15th Amendment
C. 42nd Amendment
D. 44th Amendment
Answer: (A) 54th Amendment
Explanation: The Fifty-fourth Constitutional Amendment Act, 1986 revised salaries of judges in constitutional courts through relevant amendments to Articles 125 and 221 and the Second Schedule. The Fifteenth Amendment instead raised High Court judges’ retirement age.
Q168. Which High Court bench had its view on artificial lakes upheld by the Supreme Court in October 2025?
[RRB Group D, Shift 2, 2026]
A. Jaipur Bench, Rajasthan
B. Madurai Bench, Madras
C. Nagpur Bench, Bombay
D. Lucknow Bench, Allahabad
Answer: (C) Nagpur Bench, Bombay
Explanation: The question refers to litigation about the public-trust doctrine and artificial water bodies. The relevant High Court forum was the Nagpur Bench of the Bombay High Court. Judicial decisions concerning environmental protection can examine man-made as well as natural resources.
Q167. Arrange Wildlife Protection Act, Air Act, Biological Diversity Act, National Environment Policy and NGT in time order.
[UGC NET Public Administration, 2026]
A. Wildlife, Air, Biodiversity, Policy, NGT
B. NGT, Policy, Biodiversity, Air, Wildlife
C. Policy, Wildlife, Air, NGT, Biodiversity
D. Wildlife, Policy, Air, Biodiversity, NGT
Answer: (A) Wildlife, Air, Biodiversity, Policy, NGT
Explanation: The relevant dates are 1972 for wildlife legislation, 1981 for the Air Act, 2002 for biodiversity legislation, 2006 for national environmental policy and 2010 for NGT. Correct chronology follows the dates of adoption.
Q166. Which is the enactment order of the Wildlife Act, Forest Conservation Act, Air Act, Environment Protection Act and NGT Act?
[UGC NET Paper 1, 2026]
A. Forest, Wildlife, Environment, Air, NGT
B. Wildlife, Forest, Air, Environment, NGT
C. Wildlife, Air, Forest, NGT, Environment
D. Air, Forest, Wildlife, NGT, Environment
Answer: (B) Wildlife, Forest, Air, Environment, NGT
Explanation: The five relevant enactment years are 1972, 1980, 1981, 1986 and 2010. Therefore wildlife protection preceded forest conservation; the air-pollution and environment-protection laws came later, followed by the specialized environmental tribunal statute.
Q165. Which amendment inserted Articles 323A and 323B establishing provisions for tribunals?
[Delhi Police Constable, Shift 3, 2026]
A. 42nd Amendment
B. 44th Amendment
C. 48th Amendment
D. 52nd Amendment
Answer: (A) 42nd Amendment
Explanation: The Forty-second Amendment of 1976 inserted Part XIV-A into the Constitution. Its Article 323A addresses administrative tribunals, while Article 323B concerns tribunals for enumerated other subjects. They were not part of the original constitutional text.
Q164. Which chronology correctly orders
Dadra and Nagar Haveli incorporation,
Goa incorporation,
High Court retirement-age rise,
Sindhi recognition
Abolition of privy purses?
[UGC NET Political Science, 2026]
A. Dadra, Goa, retirement rise, Sindhi, privy purses
B. Dadra, Goa, Sindhi, privy purses, retirement rise
C. Privy purses, Goa, retirement rise, Sindhi, Dadra
D. Goa, Dadra, retirement rise, Sindhi, privy purses
Answer: (A) Dadra, Goa, retirement rise, Sindhi, privy purses
Explanation: The respective amendments were the Tenth, Twelfth, Fifteenth, Twenty-first and Twenty-sixth. Their chronology places the 1963 increase in the High Court retirement age before inclusion of Sindhi and before abolition of privy purses.
Q163. On what date did the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 come into effect?
[UGC NET Law, December 2025]
A. 18 October 2010
B. 18 November 2010
C. 8 October 2010
D. 8 November 2010
Answer: (A) 18 October 2010
Explanation: The National Green Tribunal Act entered into force on 18 October 2010. It created a specialist judicial forum to handle substantial environmental questions. Distinguish the effective date of the statute from other enactment and notification dates.
Q162. Justice Shree Chandrashekhar was appointed Chief Justice of which High Court in 2025?
[RRB Group D, 2025]
A. Rajasthan High Court
B. Calcutta High Court
C. Delhi High Court
D. Bombay High Court
Answer: (D) Bombay High Court
Explanation: The current-affairs item concerned Justice Shree Chandrashekhar’s appointment as Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court. Chief Justices of High Courts are appointed by the President under Article 217, following the constitutionally required consultation process.
Q161. Which constitutional article allows one High Court to serve two or more states?
[Delhi Police Constable, 2025]
A. Article 231
B. Article 232
C. Article 233
D. Article 235
Answer: (A) Article 231
Explanation: Article 231 empowers Parliament to establish a common High Court for two or more states, or for two or more states and a Union territory. The Punjab and Haryana High Court is a prominent example.
