Q70. Which article addresses appointment of District Judges in a state?
[Telangana Police Constable Mains, 2023]
A. Article 243
B. Article 233
C. Article 320
D. None of these
Answer: (B) Article 233
Explanation: Article 233 vests appointment, posting and promotion of District Judges in the Governor, acting in consultation with the High Court. The provision safeguards judicial participation in selecting the highest level of district judicial officers.
Q69. India’s general judicial hierarchy comprises how many principal levels?
[SSC CGL, 2022]
A. Four
B. Two
C. Three
D. Five
Answer: (C) Three
Explanation: The broad court structure has three tiers: Supreme Court, High Courts and subordinate or district courts. Specialized tribunals also adjudicate certain matters, but do not replace this principal hierarchy of constitutional and ordinary courts.
Q68. Which statement incorrectly describes the High Courts in India?
[SSC CPO, 2022]
A. They may issue writs under Article 226
B. Their judges normally retire at sixty-two
C. They are courts of record
D. They give constitutional advisory opinions to the President
Answer: (D) They give constitutional advisory opinions to the President
Explanation: Presidential advisory references are addressed to the Supreme Court under Article 143, not to High Courts. High Courts do possess writ jurisdiction, court-of-record status and the constitutional retirement age of sixty-two for permanent judges.
Q67. High Court judges are formally appointed by which authority?
[OSSC CGL, 2022]
A. Chief Justice of India
B. State Governor
C. High Court Chief Justice
D. President of India
Answer: (D) President of India
Explanation: Article 217 provides for High Court judicial appointments by the President. The Chief Justice of India and state Governor are consulted, as is the Chief Justice of the relevant High Court for appointments other than its Chief Justice.
Q66. At what age does a permanent High Court judge normally retire?
[OSSC CGL, 2022]
A. Sixty-five
B. Sixty-two
C. Fifty-five
D. Sixty
Answer: (B) Sixty-two
Explanation: Article 217 fixes the retirement age for a permanent High Court judge at sixty-two. Supreme Court judges have a different age limit of sixty-five under Article 124. The 1963 Fifteenth Amendment increased the earlier High Court limit.
Q65. Which judge took office as Chief Justice of the Madras High Court in February 2022?
[RRB Group D, 2022]
A. Justice Gita Mittal
B. Justice Munishwar Nath Bhandari
C. Justice T. Raja
D. Justice M. Duraiswamy
Answer: (B) Justice Munishwar Nath Bhandari
Explanation: Justice Munishwar Nath Bhandari took office as Chief Justice of the Madras High Court in 2022. This is a date-specific current-affairs question; later changes in officeholders do not alter the historical examination answer.
Q64. Who may extend the jurisdiction of a High Court to a Union territory through legislation?
[RRB Group D, 2022]
A. State Legislature
B. Parliament
C. President acting alone
D. Chief Justice of India
Answer: (B) Parliament
Explanation: Article 230 provides for Parliament to extend or exclude the jurisdiction of a High Court over a Union territory by law. The constitutional allocation of territorial jurisdiction is not a unilateral decision of the state’s legislature.
Q63. In which year was the Delhi High Court established?
[RRB Group D, 2022]
A. 1966
B. 1948
C. 1956
D. 1862
Answer: (A) 1966
Explanation: The Delhi High Court was established in 1966 under the Delhi High Court Act, 1966. It is distinct from the nineteenth-century Presidency High Courts originally established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
Q62. Who was Chief Justice of the Karnataka High Court in March 2022?
[RRB Group D, 2022]
A. Justice B. Veerappa
B. Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi
C. Justice S. Sujatha
D. Justice Alok Aradhe
Answer: (B) Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi
Explanation: Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi served as Chief Justice of the Karnataka High Court during the specified reference month. Officeholder questions must be anchored to their dates, since the Chief Justice of a High Court changes over time.
Q61. Which matters are ordinarily tried by subordinate courts?
[RRB Group D, 2022]
A. Civil and criminal cases
B. Only writ petitions for Fundamental Rights
C. Appeals from High Courts
D. Transfer of constitutional amendments
Answer: (A) Civil and criminal cases
Explanation: Subordinate courts hear civil and criminal disputes in accordance with their respective jurisdiction. High Courts retain supervisory authority and can hear appeals where permitted. Constitutional writs under Article 226 are ordinarily within High Court jurisdiction.
