Q200. Which river is at the centre of the interstate dispute for which a tribunal was directed in February 2026?
[RRB Group D, 2025 cycle (held 2026)]
A. Krishna
B. Pennaiyar
C. Godavari
D. Cauvery
Answer: (B) Pennaiyar
Explanation: The Pennaiyar dispute concerns Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. In February 2026, the Supreme Court asked the Union government to constitute an interstate water-disputes tribunal. Such specialized adjudication is governed by the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956.
Q199. What best describes the role played by tribunals in India’s judicial framework?
[DSSSB MTS, Shift 1, 2026]
A. Speedy and specialist dispute resolution
B. Exclusive jurisdiction over all crimes
C. Complete replacement of ordinary courts
D. Enacting delegated statutes
Answer: (A) Speedy and specialist dispute resolution
Explanation: Tribunals adjudicate designated disputes with a focus on specialized expertise and efficient procedure. They do not wholly supersede constitutional courts. Judicial review and supervisory safeguards remain important aspects of India’s institutional arrangement.
Q198. For what principal purpose are tribunals constituted in India?
[DSSSB MTS, Shift 3, 2026]
A. Conducting elections
B. Resolving specific classes of disputes
C. Issuing ordinances
D. Formulating national policy
Answer: (B) Resolving specific classes of disputes
Explanation: Tribunals focus on disputes requiring specialized expertise, including service, tax and technical matters. They provide an alternative adjudicatory forum, distinct from legislative and electoral institutions. Part XIV-A supplies constitutional provisions for administrative tribunals and certain other tribunals.
Q197. Which law grants Lok Adalats their statutory recognition?
[DSSSB Assistant Superintendent, 2026]
A. Indian Penal Code, 1860
B. Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
C. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
D. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
Answer: (D) Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
Explanation: The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 provides the legal foundation for Lok Adalats and legal aid bodies. Lok Adalats emphasize amicable settlement through conciliation. Their awards have binding legal force under the conditions established by that statute.
Q196. The Legal Services Authorities Act that recognized Lok Adalats was enacted in which year?
[DSSSB Assistant Superintendent, 2026]
A. 1977
B. 1997
C. 1967
D. 1987
Answer: (D) 1987
Explanation: Parliament enacted the Legal Services Authorities Act in 1987. It provided statutory recognition to Lok Adalats and established the framework for organized legal-aid services. The enactment year must be distinguished from the legislation’s later commencement in 1995.
Q195. In which year did Parliament enact the Family Courts Act?
[DSSSB Court Attendant, 2026]
A. 1984
B. 1992
C. 2002
D. 1980
Answer: (A) 1984
Explanation: The Family Courts Act was passed in 1984 to encourage conciliation and prompt resolution of disputes arising from marriage and family relationships. It provides for specialized courts to handle specified matrimonial, custody and maintenance matters.
Q194. Which constitutional article supplies the basis for equal justice and free legal aid associated with Lok Adalats?
[DSSSB Court Attendant, Shift 2, 2026]
A. Article 32
B. Article 30A
C. Article 226
D. Article 39A
Answer: (D) Article 39A
Explanation: Article 39A is a Directive Principle requiring equal opportunity in accessing justice and the provision of free legal aid where needed. It supports statutory legal-services institutions, including Lok Adalats, to reduce obstacles caused by economic disadvantage.
Q193. Which law constitutes the National Legal Services Authority?
[DSSSB Court Attendant, Shift 2, 2026]
A. Consumer Protection Act, 2019
B. Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
C. Advocates Act, 1961
D. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
Answer: (D) Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
Explanation: NALSA derives its authority from the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. It formulates legal-aid policies and supports implementation by legal-services institutions across India. Its statutory basis is distinct from legislation governing advocates or consumer disputes.
Q192. Who appoints judges serving in Family Courts in India?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I, 2026]
A. Governor
B. President
C. State Government
D. Union Home Minister
Answer: (C) State Government
Explanation: Section 4 of the Family Courts Act, 1984 empowers the state government to appoint Family Court judges with the concurrence of the High Court. This safeguard joins state administrative responsibility with judicial oversight in appointments.
Q191. Who may establish administrative tribunals under Article 323A?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I, Shift 2, 2026]
A. Only High Courts
B. Only Parliament
C. Only state legislatures
D. Only Supreme Court
Answer: (B) Only Parliament
Explanation: Article 323A authorizes Parliament to provide for administrative tribunals dealing with recruitment and conditions of service of public employees. Article 323B is different, permitting appropriate legislatures to create tribunals for specified other matters.