Q100. Which were caste-related movements: Young Bengal, Self-Respect, Theosophical, Vaikom Satyagraha?
[IB Security Assistant Executive, Shift 3 — 2025]
(A) Vaikom only
(B) Self-Respect and Vaikom only
(C) Young Bengal, Self-Respect and Theosophical
(D) Theosophical and Vaikom only
Answer: (B) Self-Respect and Vaikom only
Explanation: The Self-Respect Movement explicitly challenged caste hierarchy in Tamil Nadu, while Vaikom Satyagraha protested caste restrictions on public roads in Travancore. Young Bengal chiefly promoted rational intellectual inquiry, and the Theosophical movement centred on spiritual and philosophical themes.
Q99. Who founded the Tattvabodhini Sabha?
[UPPSC Assistant Engineer (2024 cycle), Paper II — 2025]
(A) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(C) Keshab Chandra Sen
(D) Debendranath Tagore
Answer: (D) Debendranath Tagore
Explanation: Debendranath Tagore founded Tattvabodhini Sabha in 1839 at Calcutta. It supported study of the Upanishads and a rational spiritual outlook. Its journal Tattvabodhini Patrika, launched in 1843, influenced the Brahmo reform movement.
Q98. Which statement about Arya Samaj is correct: It upheld caste hierarchy, supported idols, restored Puranic ritualism, or launched Shuddhi?
[IB ACIO Grade II Executive, Shift 1 — 2025]
(A) Only the Shuddhi statement
(B) Idol worship and Shuddhi
(C) Only caste hierarchy
(D) Only idol worship
Answer: (A) Only the Shuddhi statement
Explanation: Arya Samaj promoted the Shuddhi movement and rejected idolatry and many ritual practices. Dayanand Saraswati’s movement emphasized Vedic religious authority and challenged some hereditary social restrictions, making only the Shuddhi-related statement correct in the exam.
Q97. Which statement about Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar is incorrect?
[UPSC NDA-II, General Ability Test — 2025]
(A) He was Principal of Sanskrit College
(B) He served as a government Inspector of Schools
(C) He was Secretary of Bethune School
(D) He founded the Widow Remarriage Association
Answer: (D) He founded the Widow Remarriage Association
Explanation: Vidyasagar was a major advocate of widow remarriage and participated in educational administration, including Sanskrit College and school inspection. However, he did not found the Widow Remarriage Association. His advocacy contributed to the Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act of 1856.
Q96. Who founded the Self-Respect Movement?
[UPSC NDA-II, General Ability Test — 2025]
(A) Jyotiba Phule
(B) Swami Vivekananda
(C) E. V. Ramaswami Naicker
(D) B. R. Ambedkar
Answer: (C) E. V. Ramaswami Naicker
Explanation: Periyar E. V. Ramasamy founded the Self-Respect Movement in 1925. Its radical social programme addressed caste-based exclusion, religious orthodoxy, patriarchy and inequality, advocating dignity, rationalism and reforms to marriage and social customs.
Q95. Who is known for supporting widow remarriage and girls’ education in Bengal?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, Shift 1 — 2025]
(A) Keshab Chandra Sen
(B) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(C) Debendranath Tagore
(D) Swami Vivekananda
Answer: (B) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Explanation: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar championed girls’ schooling and widow remarriage in nineteenth-century Bengal. His advocacy helped bring about the Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act of 1856, while his educational reforms expanded opportunities for women and disadvantaged groups.
Q94. Which reform organization was established by anti-sati campaigner Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, Shift 3 — 2025]
(A) Arya Samaj
(B) Prarthana Samaj
(C) Brahmo Samaj
(D) Ramakrishna Mission
Answer: (C) Brahmo Samaj
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy established Brahmo Sabha in 1828, later known as Brahmo Samaj. Its monotheistic theology and rejection of idolatry supported a wider reform environment. Roy was also a prominent critic of sati and a supporter of modern learning.
Q93. In which city did Paramhansa Mandali begin its anti-caste reform work?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, Shift 1 — 2025]
(A) Kanpur
(B) Surat
(C) Patna
(D) Bombay
Answer: (D) Bombay
Explanation: Paramhansa Mandali formed in Bombay in 1849 and campaigned against caste restrictions. Associated with figures such as Dadoba Pandurang, it emphasized equality and personal conscience. Its relatively private meetings challenged established practices of commensality and exclusion.
Q92. In which year was Ramakrishna Mission founded by Swami Vivekananda?
[DSSSB TGT English, Shift 2 — 2025]
(A) 1897
(B) 1899
(C) 1879
(D) 1888
Answer: (A) 1897
Explanation: Swami Vivekananda established Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 to combine spiritual practice with social service. Inspired by the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahansa, the organization has developed institutions for education, health care and humanitarian assistance.
Q91. Which statement about socio-religious reform is incorrect?
[AP High Court Common Recruitment, Shift 2 — 2025]
(A) Dharma Sabha was established in Calcutta in 1889
(B) Brahmo Sabha was founded by Ram Mohan Roy
(C) Sati was prohibited in 1829
(D) Ambedkar led Mahad Satyagraha in 1927
Answer: (A) Dharma Sabha was established in Calcutta in 1889
Explanation: Dharma Sabha was organized around 1830 in Calcutta under Radhakanta Deb, not in 1889. It defended orthodox Hindu positions and opposed anti-sati regulation. The other statements reflect Brahmo Sabha’s foundation, the 1829 sati regulation, and Ambedkar’s 1927 movement.
