80. Which of the following portrays the movement led by Baba Ramchandra?
[RRB NTPC (UG), CBT-I, 18 June 2026, Shift 2]
- (A) A protest against British education policy
- (B) A religious reform movement
- (C) A workers’ strike in factories
- (D) A rural uprising against exploitative landlords
Answer: (D) A rural uprising against exploitative landlords
Explanation: Baba Ramchandra mobilised tenants in Awadh against talukdars, high rents, arbitrary evictions and unpaid labour called begar. His work became closely associated with the early twentieth-century agrarian mobilisation that also encouraged village-level organisation and demands for fair tenancy conditions.
79. Which achievement is correctly attributed to Vallabhbhai Patel during the freedom struggle?
[RRB NTPC (UG), CBT-I, 14 June 2026, Shift 1]
- (A) Organising the Punjab protests during the anti-Rowlatt agitations
- (B) Drafting the Lucknow Pact to unite moderates and extremists
- (C) Commanding the INA forces during the Burma campaign
- (D) Leading the Bardoli Satyagraha that established him as the “Sardar”
Answer: (D) Leading the Bardoli Satyagraha that established him as the “Sardar”
Explanation: In 1928, Patel organised farmers in Bardoli, Gujarat, against an increased land-revenue assessment. The disciplined, non-violent tax-resistance campaign succeeded in securing relief. Women of Bardoli famously addressed him as “Sardar,” a title associated with his leadership thereafter.
78. When was the Indigo rebellion launched for the non-cultivation of indigo in Bengal?
[DSSSB MTS, 11 May 2026, Shift 2]
- (A) 1849
- (B) 1839
- (C) 1869
- (D) 1859
Answer: (D) 1859
Explanation: The Indigo Revolt began in 1859 in Bengal when ryots refused to sow indigo for European planters. Coercive contracts and low payments had made cultivation unprofitable. The agitation spread through rural districts and prompted the government’s Indigo Commission in 1860.
77. Who accompanied Gandhi to the Bardoli Satyagraha?
[UP PGT (Civics), 10 May 2026]
- (A) Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya
- (B) Rajendra Prasad
- (C) Sarojini Naidu
- (D) Sardar Patel
Answer: (D) Sardar Patel
Explanation: Vallabhbhai Patel was the central organiser of the 1928 Bardoli struggle, while Gandhi provided guidance and support. The peasants protested a steep revenue assessment. Patel’s successful coordination of non-violent resistance subsequently enhanced his national reputation and earned him the popular title Sardar.
76. Match the movements with their years: (a) Champaran Satyagraha, (b) Non-Cooperation Movement, (c) Civil Disobedience Movement, (d) Quit India Movement; (I) 1920–22, (II) 1917, (III) 1942, (IV) 1930–34.
[UP PGT (History), 9 May 2026]
- (A) a–I, b–III, c–II, d–IV
- (B) a–II, b–I, c–IV, d–III
- (C) a–I, b–II, c–III, d–IV
- (D) a–IV, b–II, c–I, d–III
Answer: (B) a–II, b–I, c–IV, d–III
Explanation: The Champaran indigo-peasant satyagraha occurred in 1917. Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation campaign followed in 1920–22; Civil Disobedience began in 1930 and continued in phases until 1934; and Quit India was launched in August 1942. These dates determine the pairing.
75. Who is the author of the book “Peasant Movements in India: 1920–1950”?
[UP PGT (Sociology), 9 May 2026]
- (A) Suma Chitnis
- (B) M. S. Gore
- (C) Kathleen Gough
- (D) D. N. Dhanagare
Answer: (D) D. N. Dhanagare
Explanation: Sociologist D. N. Dhanagare wrote this influential study of agrarian mobilisation under late colonial rule. It analyses movements such as Bardoli, Tebhaga and Telangana, paying particular attention to social classes, landlord–tenant relations, political leadership and the relationship between nationalism and rural protest.
74. What was the major outcome of the Champaran movement led against the indigo planters in 1917?
[DSSSB MTS, 8 May 2026, Shift 2]
- (A) Abolition of the tinkathia system
- (B) Fixing of minimum wages
- (C) Establishment of cooperatives
- (D) Grant of peasant voting rights
Answer: (A) Abolition of the tinkathia system
Explanation: Gandhi investigated coercive indigo cultivation in Champaran and supported farmers trapped by the tinkathia arrangement, which reserved three kathas in every bigha for indigo. Subsequent reform helped end the arrangement and demonstrated how organised non-violent protest could secure agrarian concessions.
73. Which of the following peasant movements was led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in 1928?
[OSSSC Forester, Forest Guard & Excise Constable, 2 May 2026, Shift 2]
- (A) Deccan Riots
- (B) Bardoli Satyagraha
- (C) Pabna Movement
- (D) Moplah Rebellion
Answer: (B) Bardoli Satyagraha
Explanation: Bardoli’s peasants opposed a new land-revenue assessment in 1928. Vallabhbhai Patel organised pledges of non-payment, maintained discipline and negotiated with authorities. The agitation became a noted example of collective rural satyagraha, distinct from the earlier Deccan and Pabna uprisings.
72. Who among the following leaders led the Indigo Revolt in Bengal?
[OSSSC Forester, Forest Guard & Excise Constable, 28 April 2026, Shift 2]
- (A) Surya Sen
- (B) Vishnu Biswas
- (C) Rash Behari Bose
- (D) Khudiram Bose
Answer: (B) Vishnu Biswas
Explanation: Bishnucharan, or Vishnu, Biswas and Digambar Biswas were prominent leaders of the Indigo Revolt in Nadia district. They encouraged cultivators to resist forced indigo contracts. The uprising exposed abuses by European planters and strengthened public criticism of the plantation system.
71. Who was the peasant responsible for convincing Gandhi to visit Champaran?
[OSSSC Forester, Forest Guard & Excise Constable, 23 April 2026, Shift 3]
- (A) Raj Kumar Shukla
- (B) Kripalani
- (C) Gorakh Prasad
- (D) Rajendra Prasad
Answer: (A) Raj Kumar Shukla
Explanation: Raj Kumar Shukla, a farmer from Champaran, persistently requested Gandhi to investigate the grievances of local indigo cultivators. After meeting him at the Lucknow Congress session of 1916, Shukla helped bring Gandhi to Bihar in 1917, beginning a landmark agrarian satyagraha.