Q40. Where was Paramhansa Mandali established in 1849 to campaign against caste?
[SSC CGL Tier I, Shift 4 — 2022]
(A) Delhi
(B) Calcutta
(C) Bombay
(D) Madras
Answer: (C) Bombay
Explanation: Paramhansa Mandali was founded in Bombay in 1849 and opposed caste-based distinctions. Linked with Dadoba Pandurang, its members sought to challenge restrictive customs and uphold monotheistic ideas, widow remarriage and education. The association operated with considerable discretion.
Q39. Which organization–person pair is correct?
[RRB Group D, Shift 3 — 2022]
(A) Poona Public Meeting—Subhas Chandra Bose
(B) HSRA—Annie Besant
(C) Theosophical Society—Sarojini Naidu
(D) Satyashodhak Samaj—Jyotiba Phule
Answer: (D) Satyashodhak Samaj—Jyotiba Phule
Explanation: Satyashodhak Samaj was founded by Jyotirao Phule in Pune in 1873. It worked against caste oppression and advocated education and equality. Annie Besant was associated with the Theosophical Society, not the revolutionary HSRA.
Q38. Who founded Brahmo Samaj in 1828 and advocated social and educational reform?
[RRB Group D, Shift 1 — 2022]
(A) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(C) Swami Vivekananda
(D) Dayanand Saraswati
Answer: (B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy formed Brahmo Sabha in 1828, later known as Brahmo Samaj. He criticized sati, idolatry and social inequalities while supporting modern education. The movement promoted worship of a single God and religious rationalism.
Q37. Who founded Atmiya Sabha?
[RRB Group D, Shift 2 — 2022]
(A) Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya
(B) Narendranath Datta
(C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(D) Mool Shankar
Answer: (C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Explanation: Atmiya Sabha was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Calcutta in 1815. It served as a forum for philosophical exchange and criticism of social and religious customs. His later Brahmo Sabha developed in 1828.
Q36. What was the name of Atmaram Pandurang’s Bombay reform society founded in 1867?
[RRB Group D, Shift 1 — 2022]
(A) Satyashodhak Samaj
(B) Prarthana Samaj
(C) Brahmo Samaj
(D) Arya Samaj
Answer: (B) Prarthana Samaj
Explanation: Atmaram Pandurang founded Prarthana Samaj in 1867 at Bombay. It drew inspiration from Bengal’s Brahmo Samaj but operated within a Maharashtra reform context, emphasizing monotheism, social equality, education and improvements in the status of women.
Q35. Who assumed an important leadership role in Brahmo Samaj after Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
[RRB Group D, Shift 1 — 2022]
(A) Dwarkanath Tagore
(B) Rabindranath Tagore
(C) Atmaram Pandurang
(D) Debendranath Tagore
Answer: (D) Debendranath Tagore
Explanation: Debendranath Tagore became a leading figure in Brahmo Samaj following Roy’s death. He had founded Tattvabodhini Sabha in 1839 and helped deepen the Samaj’s Upanishadic and monotheistic orientation in the following decades.
Q34. Which reformer founded Brahmo Samaj and opposed sati, child marriage and social division?
[RRB Group D, Shift 1 — 2022]
(A) Swami Vivekananda
(B) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(C) Dayanand Saraswati
(D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Answer: (D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy established Brahmo Sabha in 1828. His influence extended to reformist debates about sati, women’s education and the caste system. He promoted monotheism and rational inquiry as important elements of India’s nineteenth-century awakening.
Q33. Which social movement is Jyotiba Phule especially associated with?
[UPPSC Combined State Exam, General Studies I — 2022]
(A) Civil Disobedience Movement
(B) Trade Union Movement
(C) Anti-caste Movement
(D) Peasant Movement
Answer: (C) Anti-caste Movement
Explanation: Jyotiba Phule was a leading anti-caste reformer in nineteenth-century Maharashtra. Through Satyashodhak Samaj, founded in 1873, he opposed caste-based oppression and advocated education, dignity and social rights for historically disadvantaged people, including women.
Q32. Which reformer–institution pairs are correctly matched: Roy–Brahmo Samaj; Dayanand–Arya Samaj; Tagore–Santiniketan; Gandhi–Gujarat Vidyapith; Harkunwar Shethani–Chhodioni Nishal; Durgaram Mehtaji–Manavdharma Sabha?
[Gujarat Police Constable Lokrakshak — 2022]
(A) First 3 only
(B) First 4 only
(C) First 5 only
(D) All 6
Answer: (D) All 6
Explanation: All six associations are accepted as correct in the paper. Together, they reflect the diversity of reform and educational initiatives across India, from Bengal and Maharashtra to Gujarat, including movements for religion, education and social participation.
Q31. Match reformers with writings: Vitthal R. Shinde, Dadoba Pandurang, Gopal Hari Deshmukh and Jyotirao Phule.
[MPSC Rajyaseva Prelims, General Studies I — 2022]
(A) Shinde–Dharma Vivechan; Dadoba–Ishara; Deshmukh–Bhartiya Asprushatecha Prashna; Phule–Jatibhed
(B) Shinde–Ishara; Dadoba–Jatibhed; Deshmukh–Dharma Vivechan; Phule–Bhartiya Asprushatecha Prashna
(C) Shinde–Jatibhed; Dadoba–Bhartiya Asprushatecha Prashna; Deshmukh–Ishara; Phule–Dharma Vivechan
(D) Shinde–Bhartiya Asprushatecha Prashna; Dadoba–Dharma Vivechan; Deshmukh–Jatibhed; Phule–Ishara
Answer: (D) Shinde–Bhartiya Asprushatecha Prashna; Dadoba–Dharma Vivechan; Deshmukh–Jatibhed; Phule–Ishara
Explanation: The matching reflects the writings associated with Maharashtra’s reform traditions. Dadoba Pandurang wrote Dharma Vivechan; Gopal Hari Deshmukh discussed caste distinctions; Vitthal Ramji Shinde addressed untouchability; and Phule criticized exploitation in works including Ishara.
