Q50. Who first championed modern education as a means of spreading new ideas among Indian social reformers?
[SSC CGL Tier I, Shift 1 — 2023]
(A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(B) D. K. Karve
(C) Savitribai Phule
(D) Swami Vivekananda
Answer: (A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy argued that science, modern education and rational inquiry could facilitate social progress. He supported newer educational institutions and challenged practices he considered unjust. His efforts helped shape the early nineteenth-century intellectual reform environment.
Q49. Which organization was established in Bombay in 1875?
[SSC CGL Tier I, Shift 2 — 2023]
(A) Satyashodhak Samaj
(B) Aligarh Movement
(C) Brahmo Samaj
(D) Arya Samaj
Answer: (D) Arya Samaj
Explanation: Arya Samaj was founded in Bombay in 1875 by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. Satyashodhak Samaj had begun in Pune in 1873, Brahmo Sabha in Calcutta in 1828, and the Aligarh educational movement developed separately.
Q48. Which Indian region was most associated with the Kuka Movement?
[SSC Selection Post Graduate Level, Shift 3 — 2023]
(A) Bihar
(B) Jharkhand
(C) Punjab
(D) Bengal
Answer: (C) Punjab
Explanation: The Kuka or Namdhari Movement was primarily associated with Punjab. Under Baba Ram Singh it pursued religious purification, discipline and social reform, while developing resistance to British colonial authority. The movement is especially remembered for nineteenth-century Punjab.
Q47. Which organization was founded by Jyotiba Phule?
[SSC MTS, Shift 3 — 2023]
(A) Satyashodhak Samaj
(B) Arya Samaj
(C) Satnami Samaj
(D) Brahmo Samaj
Answer: (A) Satyashodhak Samaj
Explanation: Jyotiba Phule founded Satyashodhak Samaj in Pune in 1873. It challenged caste hierarchy and priestly domination while supporting education for disadvantaged communities and women. The other societies emerged under different reformers and traditions.
Q46. What was Arya Samaj’s primary objective under Dayanand Saraswati?
[SSC MTS, Shift 1 — 2023]
(A) Establishing autocracy
(B) Launching an armed anti-British revolt
(C) Encouraging barter trade
(D) Reforming Hinduism
Answer: (D) Reforming Hinduism
Explanation: Arya Samaj was founded to reform Hindu religious practice by appealing to the authority of the Vedas. It challenged idolatry, superstition and social inequalities and developed educational institutions and religious debates. It was not established as an autocratic government.
Q45. In which region was Prarthana Samaj founded?
[MPPSC State Services Prelims (2022 cycle), Paper I — 2023]
(A) Bengal
(B) Gujarat
(C) Bihar
(D) Maharashtra
Answer: (D) Maharashtra
Explanation: Prarthana Samaj was organized in Bombay, now Mumbai, in Maharashtra in 1867. Atmaram Pandurang founded it; Ranade and Bhandarkar were among later supporters. It blended monotheistic religious ideas with reform of caste and gender restrictions.
Q44. Who founded Dharma Sabha?
[SSC MTS (2022 cycle), Shift 1 — 2023]
(A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(B) Dadoba Pandurang
(C) R. G. Bhandarkar
(D) Radhakanta Deb
Answer: (D) Radhakanta Deb
Explanation: Radhakanta Deb was a leading figure behind Dharma Sabha, established around 1830 in Calcutta. The association defended orthodox Hindu customs and opposed the prohibition of sati, contrasting with the reformist campaign associated with Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
Q43. Who founded the Ahmadiyya movement in 1889?
[SSC MTS (2022 cycle), Shift 1 — 2023]
(A) Mir Nisar Ali
(B) Haji Shariatullah
(C) Shah Waliullah
(D) Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Answer: (D) Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Explanation: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founded the Ahmadiyya movement at Qadian in Punjab in 1889. Its religious claims and interpretations generated disputes with other Muslim schools. It is distinct from the Faraizi, Wahabi and Aligarh reform movements.
Q42. Brahmo Samaj emerged as a successor to which earlier association of Ram Mohan Roy?
[UGC NET History Paper II, Shift 1 — 2023]
(A) Sanatan Sabha
(B) Atmiya Sabha
(C) Dharma Sabha
(D) Tattvabodhini Sabha
Answer: (B) Atmiya Sabha
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Atmiya Sabha in 1815 as a forum for religious and intellectual discussion. Brahmo Sabha followed in 1828 and later became Brahmo Samaj. The Tattvabodhini Sabha belonged to Debendranath Tagore’s later reform efforts.
Q41. Who authored the book Gift to Monotheists?
[SSC CGL Tier I, Shift 3 — 2022]
(A) Swami Vivekananda
(B) Dayanand Saraswati
(C) Keshab Chandra Sen
(D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Answer: (D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy wrote Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin, commonly rendered as Gift to Monotheists. The work reflects his early interest in rational criticism of religious dogma and monotheism. Such ideas later shaped his role in the Brahmo reform movement.
