Q60. Which nineteenth-century reformer was known as Lokhitwadi?
[Delhi Police Constable, Shift 3 — 2023]
(A) Veeresalingam Pantulu
(B) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
(C) Sree Narayana Guru
(D) Jyotiba Phule
Answer: (B) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
Explanation: Gopal Hari Deshmukh used the pen name Lokhitwadi in essays calling for social reform in Maharashtra. His Shatpatre writings criticized caste hierarchy, child marriage and injustice while advocating rational thinking and wider opportunities for women.
Q59. Sree Narayana Guru was associated with which organization?
[SSC Stenographer, Shift 1 — 2023]
(A) Veda Samaj
(B) Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
(C) Brahmo Samaj
(D) Arya Samaj
Answer: (B) Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
Explanation: Sree Narayana Guru inspired Kerala’s movement for caste equality and human dignity. The SNDP Yogam, established in 1903, drew on his teachings. His well-known ideal of one caste, one religion and one God expressed a universalist social message.
Q58. What was the reform organization founded by Dayanand Saraswati in 1875 called?
[SSC MTS, Shift 2 — 2023]
(A) Arya Samaj
(B) Prarthana Samaj
(C) Satyashodhak Samaj
(D) Brahmo Samaj
Answer: (A) Arya Samaj
Explanation: Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj in Bombay in 1875. He advocated returning to Vedic authority, rejecting idol worship and combating social abuses. The movement later became important in North Indian educational and religious reform networks.
Q57. Who initially established a school for girls in Calcutta?
[SSC MTS, Shift 2 — 2023]
(A) Narayana Guru
(B) Mahatma Phule
(C) Dayanand Saraswati
(D) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Answer: (D) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Explanation: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was deeply involved in spreading girls’ schooling in nineteenth-century Bengal and strengthening educational institutions. His social campaigns also supported widow remarriage and questioned practices that restricted the rights and opportunities of women.
Q56. Who began a temple-entry campaign according to this 1927-based exam question?
[SSC MTS, Shift 2 — 2023]
(A) M. G. Ranade
(B) Bhimrao Ambedkar
(C) Mahatma Gandhi
(D) Annie Besant
Answer: (B) Bhimrao Ambedkar
Explanation: Ambedkar led movements challenging caste-based restrictions on public spaces and religious access. Importantly, the major Kalaram Temple entry agitation at Nashik began in 1930, while the Mahad water-access protest was in 1927; exam wording should not blur these distinct events.
Q55. What was an initial objective of the Kuka Movement in Punjab?
[Bihar Secondary Teacher, Hindi, Shift 1 — 2023]
(A) Purification of the Sikh religion
(B) Obtaining political power in Punjab
(C) Organizing a peasant campaign
(D) More than one of the above
Answer: (A) Purification of the Sikh religion
Explanation: The Kuka or Namdhari movement first emphasized Sikh religious and ethical reform, questioning social abuses and rituals. It later developed anti-colonial dimensions under Baba Ram Singh. Its followers became especially prominent in Punjab during the nineteenth century.
Q54. What was the Poona Pact intended to secure?
[Bihar Primary Teacher, Shift 2 — 2023]
(A) Federation with princely states
(B) Women’s representation in Congress
(C) Political representation for Depressed Classes
(D) More than one of these
Answer: (C) Political representation for Depressed Classes
Explanation: The Poona Pact of 1932 concerned political representation for Depressed Classes. Negotiated by Ambedkar and Gandhi, it replaced separate electorates proposed by the Communal Award with joint electorates and reserved seats, influencing later debates over equality and safeguards.
Q53. Which society in Maharashtra was organized to secure social justice for weaker sections?
[SSC CHSL Tier I, Shift 4 — 2023]
(A) Theosophical Society
(B) Arya Samaj
(C) Satyashodhak Samaj
(D) Dharma Paripalana Yogam
Answer: (C) Satyashodhak Samaj
Explanation: Jyotirao Phule established Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 to oppose caste oppression and expand dignity and education. It emphasized the rights of oppressed castes and women in Maharashtra, and questioned birth-based social privileges.
Q52. Who founded the Aligarh Movement?
[SSC CGL Tier I, Shift 2 — 2023]
(A) Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
(B) Muhammad Iqbal
(C) Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(D) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
Answer: (D) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
Explanation: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan advocated modern education among Indian Muslims and was central to the Aligarh Movement. He established an educational institution at Aligarh in 1875 which developed into Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College and ultimately Aligarh Muslim University.
Q51. Which organization is associated with writings campaigning against sati?
[SSC CGL Tier I, Shift 1 — 2023]
(A) Harijan Sevak Sangh
(B) Brahmo Samaj
(C) Satyashodhak Samaj
(D) Bahujan Samaj
Answer: (B) Brahmo Samaj
Explanation: Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, was linked to reformist arguments against sati and other oppressive customs. Roy’s anti-sati campaign helped establish an intellectual climate that supported the British regulation prohibiting sati in 1829.
