50. In which year did the Champaran Satyagraha occur?
[SSC CGL Tier-I 2023, 24 July]
A. 1916
B. 1917
C. 1918
D. 1921
Answer: B. 1917
Explanation: The 1917 Champaran Satyagraha challenged the coercive system under which peasant tenants cultivated indigo for European planters. It was followed by Gandhi’s Ahmedabad and Kheda campaigns in 1918, clarifying the chronology of his early activism.
49. Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in which month and year?
[SSC CGL Tier-I 2023, 19 July Shift 3]
A. January 1915
B. January 1912
C. January 1914
D. January 1913
Answer: A. January 1915
Explanation: Gandhi arrived in Bombay on 9 January 1915 following his South African campaigns. He subsequently travelled through India before participating actively in local struggles. His return is commemorated annually as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.
48. Which was Gandhi’s first nationwide protest in India?
[CRPF Constable Technical Tradesman 2023, 5 July Shift 1]
A. Kheda Satyagraha
B. Champaran Satyagraha
C. Rowlatt Satyagraha
D. Ahmedabad Mill Strike
Answer: C. Rowlatt Satyagraha
Explanation: The 1919 Rowlatt campaign was Gandhi’s first major effort at coordinating protest across India. Earlier struggles at Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda were regional. The nationwide hartal protested coercive legislation permitting detention without trial.
47. Put these campaigns in chronological order: I. Rowlatt Satyagraha; II. Kheda Satyagraha; III. Salt March.
[SSB Constable 2023, 22 June Shift 3]
A. II-I-III
B. II-III-I
C. I-III-II
D. I-II-III
Answer: A. II-I-III
Explanation: Kheda took place in 1918, the Rowlatt Satyagraha in 1919 and the Salt March in 1930. The correct sequence therefore runs II, I, III. Their aims ranged from land-revenue relief to civil liberties and defiance of the salt monopoly.
46. Where did Gandhi first begin Satyagraha in India?
[MP Forest Guard 2023, 14 June]
A. Champaran
B. Ahmedabad
C. Dandi
D. Bardoli
Answer: A. Champaran
Explanation: Champaran in Bihar became the starting point of Gandhi’s major Indian satyagraha in 1917. The campaign addressed coercive indigo cultivation. Ahmedabad and Kheda followed a year later, while Dandi became nationally important in 1930.
45. In what year was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed?
[SSC MTS 2023, 14 June Shift 2]
A. 1928
B. 1935
C. 1931
D. 1929
Answer: C. 1931
Explanation: The pact was signed on 5 March 1931 by Gandhi and Lord Irwin. It temporarily suspended civil disobedience and facilitated Congress attendance at the Second Round Table Conference. It followed the popular Salt Satyagraha of 1930.
44. In which year was Gandhi’s book Hind Swaraj published?
[MP Patwari 2022 recruitment, exam held 20 April 2023]
A. 1909
B. 1915
C. 1917
D. 1919
Answer: A. 1909
Explanation: Hind Swaraj was written in 1909 and originally published in Gujarati. Gandhi framed it as a dialogue criticizing modern civilization and offering an ethical conception of Indian self-rule. Its ideas reflect his early South African political thinking.
43. Which pairs are correct? I. Champaran 1917 – first Civil Disobedience. II. Ahmedabad 1918 – first hunger strike. III. Kheda 1919 – first Non-Cooperation.
[CRPF Head Constable 2023, 27 February Shift 2]
A. Only I and II
B. Only II and III
C. Only I and III
D. I, II and III
Answer: A. Only I and II
Explanation: Statements I and II match familiar milestones of Gandhi’s early Indian activism. Statement III is wrong because Kheda Satyagraha took place in 1918, not 1919. The Rowlatt nationwide satyagraha followed in 1919.
42. Which location is associated with Gandhi’s first Indian Satyagraha?
[MP Excise Constable 2023, 22 February]
A. Champaran
B. Bardoli
C. Dandi
D. Chauri Chaura
Answer: A. Champaran
Explanation: Gandhi’s 1917 action at Champaran investigated exploitation by indigo planters. The movement showed how disciplined nonviolent resistance could secure administrative inquiry and reform. Bardoli and Dandi belong to later stages of anti-colonial struggle.
41. When was the Harijan Sevak Sangh founded following the Poona Pact?
[SSC GD Constable 2022 paper, held 25 January 2023 Shift 2]
A. 1938
B. 1932
C. 1936
D. 1940
Answer: B. 1932
Explanation: The Harijan Sevak Sangh was founded in 1932 during Gandhi’s campaign against untouchability. The Poona Pact of September 1932 addressed representation of the Depressed Classes. The Sangh sought to promote education, social reform and the elimination of caste discrimination.
