90. In which year was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact concluded?
[OSSSC Combined Recruitment Exam 2025]
A. 1928
B. 1929
C. 1930
D. 1931
Answer: D. 1931
Explanation: The agreement dates to 5 March 1931. It was reached during Lord Irwin’s viceroyalty after the first phase of Civil Disobedience. In return for concessions, Congress agreed to suspend the campaign and enter further constitutional discussions.
89. The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 supported which group?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II 2025, 13 October Shift 1]
A. Peasant tenants in Awadh
B. Tea plantation workers in Assam
C. Cotton mill workers in Bombay
D. Indigo farmers in Bihar
Answer: D. Indigo farmers in Bihar
Explanation: Champaran indigo farmers suffered coercive agreements imposed by European planters. Gandhi travelled to Bihar at Raj Kumar Shukla’s insistence, gathered evidence and confronted official orders peacefully. The inquiry eventually brought important relief to cultivators.
88. Identify caste-based reform movements: I. Young Bengal; II. Self-Respect; III. Theosophical; IV. Vaikom Satyagraha.
[IB Security Assistant 2025, 29 September Shift 3]
A. IV only
B. II and IV only
C. I, II and III
D. III and IV only
Answer: B. II and IV only
Explanation: The Self-Respect Movement attacked caste hierarchy and unequal social customs, while Vaikom Satyagraha challenged untouchability restrictions on public roads near a Kerala temple. Young Bengal promoted intellectual reform and the Theosophical Society had a broader religious focus.
87. About Ahmedabad Mill Labour Movement 1918:
1. Gandhi participated.
2. Anasuya Ben, sister of mill owner Ambalal Sarabhai, supported workers.
3. The dispute involved a plague bonus.
Which are correct?
[IB ACIO Grade-II 2025, 18 September Shift 2]
A. Only 1 and 3
B. All 1, 2 and 3
C. Only 1
D. Only 2 and 3
Answer: B. All 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: All statements describe the 1918 Ahmedabad dispute. Workers protested a proposed reduction in plague-related compensation. Anasuya Sarabhai championed labour interests despite her brother’s position among mill owners, and Gandhi mediated through nonviolent collective action.
86. The Champaran Agrarian Committee was appointed following an understanding between whom?
[71st BPSC CCE 2025]
A. Government and Raj Kumar Shukla
B. Government and Mahatma Gandhi
C. Government and Rajendra Prasad
D. Government and Anugrah Narayan Sinha
Answer: B. Government and Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: The government formed an inquiry committee after Gandhi’s peaceful intervention in Champaran. Gandhi participated in examining the complaints of indigo cultivators. The resulting recommendations led to legislative changes curbing forced cultivation and unlawful exactions by planters.
85. Where did Gandhi launch his first satyagraha campaign in India?
[MP Excise Constable 2025, 11 September Shift 1]
A. Champaran
B. Calcutta
C. Baroda
D. Delhi
Answer: A. Champaran
Explanation: Champaran in Bihar witnessed Gandhi’s first major Indian satyagraha in 1917. Raj Kumar Shukla appealed to him on behalf of indigo cultivators. Gandhi’s investigation and civil disobedience drew attention to the peasants’ contractual exploitation.
84. Which initiative first drew Gandhi into mass national politics with the Khilafat cause?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I 2025]
A. Non-Cooperation Movement
B. Home Rule League
C. Swadeshi Boycott of 1905
D. Individual Satyagraha
Answer: A. Non-Cooperation Movement
Explanation: The Non-Cooperation Movement united opposition to colonial repression with Khilafat concerns beginning in 1920. Gandhi urged withdrawal of cooperation from government-controlled institutions. This collaboration expanded political participation but later encountered tensions and was suspended in 1922.
83. Which event changed Gandhi from a comparatively moderate public figure into a mass leader?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I 2025, 19 August Shift 1]
A. Jallianwala Bagh massacre
B. Salt Satyagraha
C. Rowlatt Act protest
D. Champaran Satyagraha
Answer: D. Champaran Satyagraha
Explanation: The 1917 Champaran campaign showed Gandhi could secure concessions by mobilizing ordinary cultivators through peaceful resistance. Its success established his reputation in India before he led nationwide protests against the Rowlatt Act and later colonial government.
82. Which cultivation system was abolished following Champaran Satyagraha?
[BSSC Field Assistant 2025]
A. Tinkathia system
B. Mahalwari system
C. Ryotwari system
D. Permanent Settlement
Answer: A. Tinkathia system
Explanation: Tinkathia forced tenants to plant indigo on three kathas out of twenty, or roughly three-twentieths of their holdings. Gandhi investigated the arrangement in 1917. Reforms associated with the Champaran Agrarian Act ended the exploitative obligation.
81. Which leader, later India’s first President, assisted the Champaran campaign?
[BPSC District Statistical Officer 2025]
A. Anugrah Narayan Sinha
B. Rajendra Prasad
C. Jayaprakash Narayan
D. Shri Krishna Sinha
Answer: B. Rajendra Prasad
Explanation: Rajendra Prasad helped Gandhi during the 1917 agitation by assisting local organization and investigation. The movement opposed indigo planters’ coercion of tenants. Prasad’s participation strengthened his public career before he ultimately became independent India’s first President.
