30. The Champaran Satyagraha took place in which state?
[DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant 2022, 1 April Shift 2]
A. Odisha
B. Gujarat
C. Bihar
D. West Bengal
Answer: C. Bihar
Explanation: Champaran lies in Bihar. The 1917 Satyagraha challenged the compulsory cultivation of indigo under exploitative agreements. Gandhi’s campaign involved investigation, legal resistance and constructive social activities such as improving local sanitation and education.
29. Consider:
I. The Champaran movement opposed indigo planters.
II. Under the Permanent Settlement, rajas and taluqdars were recognized as zamindars.
Which statements are correct?
[DSSSB NDMC Primary Teacher, 23 March 2022 Shift 2]
A. Only II
B. Only I
C. Neither I nor II
D. Both I and II
Answer: D. Both I and II
Explanation: Both statements are correct. Champaran’s cultivators resisted exploitative indigo planting arrangements, which Gandhi investigated in 1917. The Permanent Settlement of 1793 recognized zamindars, including many rajas and taluqdars, as land-revenue intermediaries liable to pay fixed sums to the colonial government.
28. In what year was the Champaran movement launched by Gandhi?
[OSSC Soil Conservation Extension Worker 2022]
A. 1917
B. 1905
C. 1885
D. 1922
Answer: A. 1917
Explanation: Gandhi launched the Champaran agitation in 1917 after receiving appeals about forced indigo cultivation. It was his first major Indian satyagraha. The experience helped demonstrate how organized nonviolence and scrutiny of unjust systems could bring change.
27. When did Gandhi lead his first South African Satyagraha against the Asiatic Registration legislation?
[SSC Selection Post HSC Level 2022, 9 February Shift 2]
A. 1896–97
B. 1913–14
C. 1906–07
D. 1903–04
Answer: C. 1906–07
Explanation: The South African satyagraha emerged in 1906–07 against compulsory Asian registration in the Transvaal. Gandhi urged Indians to reject discriminatory rules without violence. The campaign helped establish the method later adapted to mass movements in India.
26. When did Gandhi come back to India after his South African years?
[DSSSB Personal Assistant Grade-II 2022]
A. 1909
B. 1911
C. 1915
D. 1919
Answer: C. 1915
Explanation: Gandhi arrived in India in January 1915. Before that he had practiced law, mobilized Indian residents and organized resistance in South Africa. On returning, he sought to understand Indian society before leading major local campaigns.
25. Champaran Satyagraha originated in which present-day state?
[JKSSB Junior Assistant 2022, 25 January Shift 1]
A. Assam
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. West Bengal
D. Bihar
Answer: D. Bihar
Explanation: The movement originated in Champaran, Bihar, where tenant farmers faced pressure from European indigo planters. Raj Kumar Shukla encouraged Gandhi to visit the district in 1917, leading to his first major Indian satyagraha.
24. What was Gandhi’s first major Satyagraha in India?
[MP Police Constable 2022]
A. Kheda
B. Champaran
C. Ahmedabad
D. Bardoli
Answer: B. Champaran
Explanation: Champaran in 1917 preceded both the Ahmedabad strike and the Kheda Satyagraha of 1918. It focused on plantation exploitation and helped introduce Gandhi’s methods of disciplined nonviolent resistance to a national audience.
23. The famous Kheda Satyagraha was launched primarily for what demand?
[MPPSC Assistant Professor History Paper-II 2022]
A. Opposition to plantation contracts
B. Rights of textile workers
C. Relief from taxes after crop failure
D. None of these
Answer: C. Relief from taxes after crop failure
Explanation: Peasants in Kheda sought relief from land revenue demands after severe crop losses. Gandhi encouraged nonviolent refusal to pay assessments considered unjust in the circumstances. The campaign differs from the indigo issue at Champaran and wage demands in Ahmedabad.
22. Consider statements about Vaikom Satyagraha:
1. It opposed untouchability.
2. Gandhi associated himself with the campaign.
Which is correct?
[UPPSC / UPPCS Prelims 2021]
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C. Both 1 and 2
Explanation: The Vaikom agitation in Travancore protested the exclusion of oppressed castes from public roads surrounding a temple. Gandhi visited Vaikom in 1925 and encouraged negotiated reform, although the campaign itself was organized by several local leaders.
21. Which American journalist reported the police violence at Dharasana Salt Works?
[UPPCS Prelims 2021]
A. Francis Louis
B. Mark Tully
C. Web Miller
D. Philip Spratt
Answer: C. Web Miller
Explanation: Webb Miller reported the brutal assault on nonviolent satyagrahis at Dharasana in May 1930. His dispatches reached audiences abroad and strengthened international awareness of the methods and repression involved in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
