60. In which year did Gandhi visit Champaran to study the conditions of indigo farmers?
[Bihar Teacher TRE-3 2024]
A. 1915
B. 1916
C. 1917
D. 1919
Answer: C. 1917
Explanation: Gandhi came to Champaran in 1917 after repeated appeals from Raj Kumar Shukla. He interviewed villagers, gathered evidence against plantation practices and defied an order to depart. The ensuing campaign won reforms in cultivation arrangements.
59. The 1913 march from Newcastle towards the Transvaal was associated with whose South African struggle?
[Bihar Teacher TRE 2024]
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
C. Jawaharlal Nehru
D. Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer: A. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: During the 1913 South African satyagraha, Gandhi led or inspired organized resistance involving Indian workers and families. The protest challenged discriminatory measures and restrictions. It formed part of the campaign that helped secure concessions through the Indian Relief Act.
58. Consider: (1) Rowlatt Satyagraha was an early all-India struggle against British rule, although primarily urban. (2) The Rowlatt Act curtailed civil liberties and increased police powers. Which statements are correct?
[CGPSC Prelims 2024]
A. Both (1) and (2)
B. Only (1)
C. Only (2)
D. Neither
Answer: A. Both (1) and (2)
Explanation: Both are correct. The Rowlatt Act of 1919 expanded coercive colonial powers and allowed detention without normal judicial safeguards. Gandhi organized nationwide protest, but participation was concentrated in many urban centres and its scale remained uneven across India.
57. Which book is Gandhi’s autobiography?
[Delhi Police Constable 2023, 1 December]
A. India Wins Freedom
B. The Story of My Experiments with Truth
C. Discovery of India
D. Glimpses of World History
Answer: B. The Story of My Experiments with Truth
Explanation: Gandhi’s autobiography is The Story of My Experiments with Truth, originally serialized in Gujarati as Satya Na Prayogo. It describes his development, moral struggles and experiments in truth and nonviolence rather than functioning solely as a political memoir.
56. Who authored The Story of My Experiments with Truth?
[Delhi Police Constable 2023, 30 November]
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Mahatma Gandhi
C. Rabindranath Tagore
D. Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer: B. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi wrote the autobiographical account, published serially in the 1920s. It discusses formative experiences in India, England and South Africa, showing how he developed principles of satyagraha, self-discipline and nonviolent public action.
55. Gandhi’s first major public appearance in India took place at the inauguration of which institution in 1916?
[Delhi Police Constable 2023, 28 November]
A. Aligarh Muslim University
B. Banaras Hindu University
C. Calcutta University
D. Visva-Bharati
Answer: B. Banaras Hindu University
Explanation: Gandhi spoke at the inauguration of Banaras Hindu University in February 1916. He criticized ostentation among elites and drew attention to the deprivation of ordinary Indians. The speech foreshadowed his later emphasis on mass participation.
54. Which was Gandhi’s earliest Satyagraha in British India?
[SSC MTS 2023, 13 September]
A. Champaran Satyagraha
B. Kheda Satyagraha
C. Salt Satyagraha
D. Ahmedabad Mill Strike
Answer: A. Champaran Satyagraha
Explanation: The first major satyagraha led by Gandhi in India took place in 1917 at Champaran, Bihar. Local indigo farmers sought relief from exploitative plantation contracts. Gandhi’s investigation prompted official examination and reforms.
53. Which statement about Gandhi’s Champaran action is incorrect?
[SSC MTS 2023, 11 September]
A. It involved indigo cultivators
B. It took place in Bihar
C. It occurred in 1910
D. It was associated with Raj Kumar Shukla
Answer: C. It occurred in 1910
Explanation: Champaran Satyagraha took place in 1917, not 1910. Raj Kumar Shukla invited Gandhi to investigate indigo tenants’ grievances in Bihar. It became Gandhi’s earliest major Indian satyagraha and led to changes in the Tinkathia arrangement.
52. Which autobiography describes Gandhi’s experiments with truth?
[SSC MTS 2023, 11 September, another shift]
A. My Experiments with Truth
B. The Indian Struggle
C. Why I Am an Atheist
D. Unhappy India
Answer: A. My Experiments with Truth
Explanation: Gandhi’s autobiographical work is commonly known as The Story of My Experiments with Truth. It recounts experiences shaping his ethical development and explains how truth, discipline and nonviolence informed his personal life and later public campaigns.
51. In what year did Gandhi launch the Champaran Satyagraha?
[MP Police Constable 2023]
A. 1915
B. 1916
C. 1917
D. 1919
Answer: C. 1917
Explanation: The Champaran agitation began in 1917 after Gandhi visited Bihar to study the grievances of indigo farmers. By combining fact-finding, public mobilization and peaceful defiance, he helped secure recognition of agrarian abuses.
