40. Which work did Gandhi translate into Gujarati under the title Sarvodaya?
[APPSC Group-I Prelims 2022 paper, held 8 January 2023]
A. John Ruskin – Unto This Last
B. Leo Tolstoy – The Kingdom of God Is Within You
C. Karl Marx – Das Kapital
D. Maxim Gorky – The Lower Depths
Answer: A. John Ruskin – Unto This Last
Explanation: Gandhi translated and adapted Ruskin’s Unto This Last as Sarvodaya. The book encouraged his belief that the welfare of each person depends upon that of all and that useful labour has dignity regardless of occupation.
39. Which sequence is chronological: D-Champaran, A-Jallianwala Bagh, C-Dandi March, F-Bhagat Singh’s execution, E-Quit India, B-Bose reached Japan?
[Telangana Police Constable Mains 2023]
A. D-A-C-F-E-B
B. D-A-F-C-E-B
C. A-D-E-B-F-C
D. A-D-C-F-B-E
Answer: A. D-A-C-F-E-B
Explanation: The events occurred in 1917 (Champaran), 1919 (Jallianwala Bagh), 1930 (Dandi), 1931 (Bhagat Singh’s execution), 1942 (Quit India) and 1943 (Bose’s arrival in Japan). This gives the sequence D-A-C-F-E-B.
38. When was the Kheda Satyagraha conducted?
[JKSSB Sub-Inspector 2022, 16 December Shift 2]
A. 1915
B. 1916
C. 1917
D. 1918
Answer: D. 1918
Explanation: Kheda Satyagraha took place in 1918 amid widespread crop failure in Gujarat. Farmers refused revenue demands because of their inability to pay. Gandhi, Vallabhbhai Patel and others organized the peaceful campaign for tax remission.
37. Who led the Champaran Satyagraha against oppressive indigo cultivation?
[OSSC Block Social Security Officer 2022]
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. Lala Lajpat Rai
C. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
D. Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer: A. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi led the Champaran protest in 1917 after investigating coercive plantation practices in Bihar. He relied on peaceful defiance and detailed evidence collection. The result included official inquiry and legislation reforming indigo cultivation obligations.
36. In which year was Hind Swaraj published?
[Delhi Police Head Constable 2022, 14 October Shift 2]
A. 1909
B. 1920
C. 1908
D. 1911
Answer: A. 1909
Explanation: Gandhi composed Hind Swaraj in 1909 while returning from England to South Africa. Its conversational format explored Indian self-rule and the problems of modern civilization. The work influenced later debates about nonviolence and swadeshi.
35. Hind Swaraj was an early major writing of which freedom fighter?
[RRB Group D 2022, 5 September Shift 3]
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Lala Lajpat Rai
C. Dadabhai Naoroji
D. Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: D. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Hind Swaraj, also titled Indian Home Rule, was written by Gandhi in 1909. Unlike a conventional history book, it presents a sustained argument concerning civilization, freedom, methods of resistance and the ethical obligations of citizens.
34. In which year did Gandhi write Hind Swaraj?
[Rajasthan VDO Mains 2022, 9 July]
A. 1897
B. 1906
C. 1909
D. 1919
Answer: C. 1909
Explanation: Gandhi wrote Hind Swaraj in 1909. The work emerged from his transoceanic journey and experiences in South Africa, where he confronted racial discrimination. It proposed self-rule grounded in self-restraint, moral regeneration and nonviolent action.
33. Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in which year?
[APSSB Forest Guard 2022, 26 June]
A. 1913
B. 1914
C. 1915
D. 1916
Answer: C. 1915
Explanation: Gandhi returned permanently to India in January 1915, after campaigns among Indian communities in South Africa. His experiences with petitions, organization and satyagraha influenced his subsequent leadership of Indian social and political movements.
32. In what year did Gandhi conduct the Champaran Satyagraha?
[RRB NTPC CBT-II Level 6 2022, 9 May]
A. 1916
B. 1917
C. 1918
D. 1920
Answer: B. 1917
Explanation: The Champaran Satyagraha was organized in Bihar in 1917 to support indigo cultivators. Gandhi challenged an order to leave the district and led a fact-finding effort that helped bring government attention and legislative reform.
31. Which statement about Gandhi is incorrect?
[NHPC Junior Engineer 2022, 4 April Shift 1]
A. He returned from South Africa in January 1915
B. He was born at Porbandar in 1869
C. He helped peasants during the Kheda Satyagraha in 1918
D. He became Congress president in 1927
Answer: D. He became Congress president in 1927
Explanation: Gandhi presided over the Indian National Congress session at Belgaum in 1924, not in 1927. His return in January 1915, birth at Porbandar on 2 October 1869 and role at Kheda in 1918 are correct.
