70. Arrange the events in E. V. Ramasamy’s life:
(1) President of Justice Party;
(2) joined Congress;
(3) President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee;
(4) organized Vaikom Satyagraha.
[TNPSC Group II 2024]
A. (2), (4), (3), (1)
B. (4), (1), (3), (2)
C. (2), (3), (4), (1)
D. (3), (1), (4), (2)
Answer: C. (2), (3), (4), (1)
Explanation: Periyar joined the Congress before becoming president of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee. He played a prominent role in the 1924 Vaikom campaign against caste restrictions on public roads. His leadership of the Justice Party came much later, in 1938.
69. Which Satyagraha protested the exploitation of peasants forced to cultivate indigo?
[SSC CGL 2024, 11 September]
A. Kheda Satyagraha
B. Champaran Satyagraha
C. Vaikom Satyagraha
D. Bardoli Satyagraha
Answer: B. Champaran Satyagraha
Explanation: The Champaran agitation concerned indigo tenants compelled to cultivate part of their holdings for European planters. Gandhi’s inquiry in 1917 led to government investigation and eventual abolition of the coercive Tinkathia arrangement.
68. Which was Gandhi’s first major Satyagraha on Indian soil?
[SSC CGL 2024, 10 September]
A. Kheda
B. Champaran
C. Bardoli
D. Ahmedabad
Answer: B. Champaran
Explanation: Gandhi’s first widely recognized satyagraha in India occurred in Champaran in 1917. Earlier he had experimented with the method in South Africa. The Bihar struggle centered on indigo cultivation and demonstrated collective nonviolent resistance.
67. What was Gandhi’s first successful Satyagraha in India?
[UP Police Constable Re-exam 2024]
A. Champaran
B. Bardoli
C. Salt March
D. Quit India
Answer: A. Champaran
Explanation: Champaran in 1917 is considered Gandhi’s first successful Indian satyagraha. Peasants protested the restrictions and exactions of European indigo planters. Government inquiry and subsequent legislative action weakened the compulsory cultivation system.
66. Who authored the political work Hind Swaraj?
[WBCS Mains 2023 paper, held August 2024]
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
C. Bipin Chandra Pal
D. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: A. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Hind Swaraj was written by Gandhi in Gujarati in 1909 and later translated into English as Indian Home Rule. It addressed self-government, technology, modern civilization and ethical resistance through a dialogue between editor and reader.
65. At which Congress session did Raj Kumar Shukla first invite Gandhi to Champaran?
[SSC CPO 2024, 29 June]
A. Surat session 1907
B. Lucknow session 1916
C. Calcutta session 1920
D. Lahore session 1929
Answer: B. Lucknow session 1916
Explanation: Raj Kumar Shukla met Gandhi at the 1916 Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress. He persistently requested Gandhi’s help against indigo planters. Gandhi eventually travelled to Bihar in 1917 to investigate farmers’ conditions.
64. What was the main cause of the Champaran Satyagraha?
[DSSSB Assistant Engineer 2024]
A. Forced indigo cultivation under Tinkathia
B. Increased railway fares
C. Restrictions on spinning cloth
D. A separate electorate proposal
Answer: A. Forced indigo cultivation under Tinkathia
Explanation: The coercive Tinkathia system obliged tenants to grow indigo on part of their land. Gandhi’s 1917 investigation collected testimony and exposed exploitation. Official inquiry and reform followed, helping place agrarian grievances in the nationalist mainstream.
63. Gandhi’s first Indian satyagraha took place at which location?
[SSC Selection Post 2024, 21 June]
A. Ahmedabad
B. Kheda
C. Champaran
D. Dandi
Answer: C. Champaran
Explanation: Champaran was the venue of Gandhi’s first major satyagraha in India in 1917. Ahmedabad and Kheda followed in 1918, while Dandi belongs to the Salt March of 1930. Comparing these dates clarifies their historical sequence.
62. In which year did Gandhi return to India after his work in South Africa?
[DSSSB Jail Warder 2024]
A. 1905
B. 1910
C. 1915
D. 1920
Answer: C. 1915
Explanation: Gandhi returned to India on 9 January 1915 after more than two decades of experience in South Africa. The organizational and moral methods developed there shaped his later Indian campaigns in Champaran, Ahmedabad, Kheda and beyond.
61. What is the correct sequence of Champaran Satyagraha, Non-Cooperation, Flag Satyagraha and Salt March?
[Chandigarh JBT 2024]
A. Champaran, Non-Cooperation, Flag Satyagraha, Salt March
B. Salt March, Champaran, Non-Cooperation, Flag Satyagraha
C. Non-Cooperation, Champaran, Salt March, Flag Satyagraha
D. Flag Satyagraha, Salt March, Champaran, Non-Cooperation
Answer: A. Champaran, Non-Cooperation, Flag Satyagraha, Salt March
Explanation: The order is Champaran in 1917, Non-Cooperation from 1920, the Flag Satyagraha in 1923 and Salt March in 1930. These movements illustrate the expanding repertoire of nonviolent protest during the freedom struggle.
