Q90.Which clinical finding is more suggestive of diabetes mellitus than diabetes insipidus?
(a) Increased urine volume
(b) Excessive thirst
(c) Frequent urination
(d) Glucose in urine
Answer: (d) Glucose in urine
Explanation: Glucosuria is characteristic of sufficiently high blood glucose, as may occur in diabetes mellitus. Both forms of diabetes can cause thirst and polyuria, but diabetes insipidus is primarily a water-balance disorder. The exact mechanism determines which treatments and monitoring strategies are useful.
Q89.What is the major role of insulin after a carbohydrate-rich meal?
(a) Raise blood uric acid
(b) Cause jaundice
(c) Facilitate glucose utilisation and storage
(d) Destroy red blood cells
Answer: (c) Facilitate glucose utilisation and storage
Explanation: Rising blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which promotes glucose uptake by muscle and fat and glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle. These effects help return blood glucose toward baseline. Early recognition helps prevent avoidable metabolic and vascular complications over time.
Q88.Which historical scientist pair is associated with isolation of insulin in 1921–22?
(a) Watson and Crick
(b) Banting and Best
(c) Jenner and Pasteur
(d) Darwin and Wallace
Answer: (b) Banting and Best
Explanation: Frederick Banting and Charles Best carried out early insulin isolation experiments, working with John Macleod; James Collip helped purify insulin. Banting and Macleod received the 1923 Nobel Prize and shared credit with colleagues. Long-term care also considers risks to eyes, nerves, kidneys and blood vessels.
Q87.Which lifestyle measure helps reduce risk of type 2 diabetes among susceptible adults?
(a) Regular physical activity
(b) Excess sugary drinks
(c) Tobacco smoking
(d) Long-term inactivity
Answer: (a) Regular physical activity
Explanation: Regular physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and can support healthy weight management. Balanced nutrition and avoidance of smoking also protect cardiometabolic health. Genetic susceptibility exists, but prevention can lower risk substantially. The exact mechanism determines which treatments and monitoring strategies are useful.
Q86.A patient with diabetes and numbness in both feet may have which complication?
(a) Goitre
(b) Cataract only
(c) Gallstones only
(d) Peripheral neuropathy
Answer: (d) Peripheral neuropathy
Explanation: Long-standing elevated glucose may injure peripheral nerves and cause tingling, burning or reduced sensation in feet. Loss of protective sensation increases the risk of unnoticed injury, infection and ulcers. Early recognition helps prevent avoidable metabolic and vascular complications over time.
Q85.Which plant seed, also called methi, is commonly mentioned in traditional discussions of glucose control?
(a) Cotton boll
(b) Neem flower only
(c) Fenugreek
(d) Pine seed
Answer: (c) Fenugreek
Explanation: Fenugreek seeds are used as food and in traditional approaches to diabetes. Evidence for glucose-lowering benefits is limited and variable, and seeds do not replace prescribed medicines, dietary planning or clinical monitoring. Long-term care also considers risks to eyes, nerves, kidneys and blood vessels.
Q84.Atherosclerosis involves formation of what within arterial walls?
(a) Extra teeth
(b) Lipid-rich plaques
(c) Excess bile in lungs
(d) Uric acid only
Answer: (b) Lipid-rich plaques
Explanation: Atherosclerosis is a chronic arterial disease with plaques containing cholesterol, inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue. Plaques can narrow arteries or rupture and trigger a clot, potentially causing a heart attack or stroke. Risk assessment also considers age, family history and associated metabolic conditions.
Q83.A heart attack most often results from interrupted blood flow in which vessels?
(a) Coronary arteries
(b) Portal vein
(c) Lymphatic ducts
(d) Pulmonary veins only
Answer: (a) Coronary arteries
Explanation: Myocardial infarction usually occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures or erodes in a coronary artery, producing a clot and blocking oxygen delivery to heart muscle. Immediate emergency treatment limits damage. Prevention generally combines lifestyle measures with treatment of modifiable risk factors.
Q82.Which term denotes death of heart muscle because of prolonged inadequate blood supply?
(a) Osteoporosis
(b) Cirrhosis
(c) Emphysema
(d) Myocardial infarction
Answer: (d) Myocardial infarction
Explanation: Myocardial infarction means death of a portion of heart muscle due to sustained ischaemia. Symptoms can include chest pressure, sweating and breathlessness, although presentations may be atypical. Timely recognition matters because reduced organ blood supply can become an emergency.
Q81.What is the basic purpose of coronary artery bypass grafting?
(a) Replace the thyroid
(b) Remove both kidneys
(c) Provide an alternative route for blood around blocked coronary segments
(d) Cure all arrhythmias
Answer: (c) Provide an alternative route for blood around blocked coronary segments
Explanation: CABG uses an artery or vein graft to direct blood beyond narrowed coronary segments. Internal thoracic arteries and leg veins may be used. The aim is to improve oxygen supply to affected myocardium. Risk assessment also considers age, family history and associated metabolic conditions.
