Q50.Which symptom is commonly associated with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension?
(a) Night blindness alone
(b) Bow legs
(c) Tooth decay only
(d) Ascites
Answer: (d) Ascites
Explanation: Ascites is accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. In cirrhosis it often results from portal hypertension, altered kidney sodium handling and reduced plasma oncotic pressure. It needs medical evaluation. Associated symptoms and blood tests help clinicians determine the underlying cause.
Q49.What is the medical term for abnormally increased fluid in the abdomen?
(a) Anaemia
(b) Arrhythmia
(c) Ascites
(d) Arthritis
Answer: (c) Ascites
Explanation: Ascites is the accumulation of free fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Cirrhosis is a common cause, but cancers, heart failure and some infections can also produce ascites. Advanced liver impairment can affect fluid balance and other body systems.
Q48.Which laboratory measure reflects an important synthetic function of the liver?
(a) Pulse volume
(b) Serum albumin
(c) Visual acuity
(d) Hair colour
Answer: (b) Serum albumin
Explanation: Albumin is produced by the liver and contributes to plasma oncotic pressure. Low albumin can occur in severe liver disease, but it is not specific and also occurs with kidney loss, inflammation or malnutrition. Clinical assessment distinguishes problems of bilirubin production, processing and bile drainage.
Q47.Which condition is a common cause of obstructive jaundice?
(a) Gallstone blocking the common bile duct
(b) Vitamin A intake
(c) Tendon tear
(d) Mild short-sightedness
Answer: (a) Gallstone blocking the common bile duct
Explanation: A gallstone lodged in the bile duct can prevent bile drainage, causing bilirubin to accumulate in blood. Patients may develop jaundice, pale stools, dark urine and sometimes abdominal pain or fever. Associated symptoms and blood tests help clinicians determine the underlying cause.
Q46.Which organ stores and concentrates bile but does not produce it?
(a) Liver
(b) Pancreatic islet
(c) Spleen
(d) Gallbladder
Answer: (d) Gallbladder
Explanation: Hepatocytes in the liver produce bile; the gallbladder stores and concentrates it between meals. Bile salts help emulsify dietary fats and aid absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Advanced liver impairment can affect fluid balance and other body systems.
Q45.Neonatal jaundice may occur partly because a newborn’s liver has what characteristic?
(a) Too many mature pancreatic beta cells
(b) Excess lung alveoli
(c) Immature bilirubin-conjugating capacity
(d) Excess bile ducts
Answer: (c) Immature bilirubin-conjugating capacity
Explanation: Newborns have high red-cell turnover and temporarily limited capacity to conjugate bilirubin. Most physiological jaundice is mild, but severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia can injure the brain and needs prompt management. Clinical assessment distinguishes problems of bilirubin production, processing and bile drainage.
Q44.Oral submucous fibrosis is strongly linked with repeated use of which substance?
(a) Table salt
(b) Areca nut
(c) Plain water
(d) Rice starch
Answer: (b) Areca nut
Explanation: Oral submucous fibrosis is a potentially malignant fibrotic disorder strongly associated with areca-nut chewing, including betel-quid and gutkha products. Progressive tissue rigidity can restrict mouth opening. Persistent changes in the mouth should be assessed by a qualified professional.
Q43.A characteristic clinical feature of oral submucous fibrosis is what?
(a) Restricted mouth opening
(b) Enlarged thyroid
(c) Bow legs
(d) Loss of alveoli
Answer: (a) Restricted mouth opening
Explanation: Fibrosis in oral submucous tissues creates stiff mucosal bands and reduces mouth opening. The disorder is associated with areca nut exposure and requires evaluation because it carries an increased oral-cancer risk. Persistent changes in the mouth should be assessed by a qualified professional.
Q42.Which statement about jaundice is correct?
(a) It always means viral hepatitis
(b) It is caused only by vitamin C deficiency
(c) It is always harmless
(d) It is a clinical sign with multiple possible causes
Answer: (d) It is a clinical sign with multiple possible causes
Explanation: Jaundice is a visible sign of elevated bilirubin, not a single diagnosis. It may arise before the liver, within the liver, or because of bile-flow obstruction. Determining its cause guides treatment. Associated symptoms and blood tests help clinicians determine the underlying cause.
Q41.Which nutrient deficiency is the most common cause of nutritional anaemia worldwide?
(a) Vitamin K
(b) Fluoride
(c) Iron
(d) Iodine
Answer: (c) Iron
Explanation: Iron is essential for haemoglobin synthesis and oxygen transport. Inadequate iron intake, blood loss or poor absorption can produce microcytic anaemia with fatigue, pallor and reduced exercise tolerance. The surrounding dietary pattern and nutrient absorption can also influence deficiency risk.
