Q150.Smoking increases the risk of which blood-vessel-related disease?
[RRB Group D 2025 cycle (held 25 Aug 2026, Shift 3) — 2026]
(a) Anaemia
(b) Diabetes
(c) Goitre
(d) Cardiovascular disease
Answer: (d) Cardiovascular disease
Explanation: Tobacco smoke damages blood-vessel lining and promotes atherosclerosis and clot formation. These processes raise the risk of heart attacks, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. Smoking cessation is a major preventable cardiovascular risk reduction measure. Timely recognition matters because reduced organ blood supply can become an emergency.
Q149.Which element is necessary for the thyroid gland to make thyroxine hormone?
[RRB Group D 2025 cycle (held 12 Aug 2026, Shift 2) — 2026]
(a) Iron
(b) Calcium
(c) Iodine
(d) Vitamin D
Answer: (c) Iodine
Explanation: Iodine is incorporated into thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), hormones made by the thyroid gland. Insufficient dietary iodine can enlarge the thyroid, producing goitre, and may impair thyroid function and development. The surrounding dietary pattern and nutrient absorption can also influence deficiency risk.
Q148.Who received the first EASD Diabetes Global Impact Prize in 2025?
[RRB Group D (27 Dec 2025, Shift 2) — 2025]
(a) Dr Devi Shetty
(b) Dr Randeep Guleria
(c) Dr V. Mohan
(d) Dr Soumya Swaminathan
Answer: (c) Dr V. Mohan
Explanation: Indian diabetologist Dr V. Mohan was recognised for contributions to diabetes research and care. This is a current-affairs-linked diabetes question rather than a question about the biological mechanism of the disease. The exact mechanism determines which treatments and monitoring strategies are useful.
Q147.Which hormone requires iodine for its synthesis?
[MP Police Constable (1 Dec 2025, Shift 1) — 2025]
(a) Thyroxine
(b) Growth hormone
(c) Insulin
(d) Adrenaline
Answer: (a) Thyroxine
Explanation: The thyroid gland uses iodine to make T4 (thyroxine) and T3. These hormones help regulate metabolism, growth and development. Iodine deficiency may cause enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as goitre. Characteristic clinical signs help distinguish overlapping deficiencies and guide further evaluation.
Q146.Vitamin B12 is most useful for combating which condition?
[West Bengal Police Sub-Inspector (12 Oct 2025) — 2025]
(a) Night blindness
(b) Rickets
(c) Anaemia
(d) Goitre
Answer: (c) Anaemia
Explanation: Vitamin B12 supports red-blood-cell production and nerve function. Its deficiency can cause megaloblastic anaemia, while pernicious anaemia results specifically from impaired B12 absorption, often due to intrinsic-factor deficiency. The surrounding dietary pattern and nutrient absorption can also influence deficiency risk.
Q145.Diabetes mellitus is caused by the inadequate secretion of which hormone?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I (29 Aug 2025, Shift 3) — 2025]
(a) Estrogen
(b) Insulin
(c) Adrenaline
(d) Thyroxine
Answer: (b) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells and helps tissues take up glucose. Too little insulin raises blood glucose. Type 1 diabetes usually involves severe insulin deficiency, while type 2 often begins with insulin resistance. Long-term care also considers risks to eyes, nerves, kidneys and blood vessels.
Q144.Which national initiative aims to prevent and control non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension?
[SSC Selection Post, Matriculation Level (1 Aug 2025, Shift 2) — 2025]
(a) Mission Indradhanush
(b) National Digital Health Mission
(c) Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
(d) National Programme for Prevention and Control of NCDs
Answer: (d) National Programme for Prevention and Control of NCDs
Explanation: The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases focuses on prevention, screening, diagnosis and management of conditions including diabetes, hypertension, cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Population-level screening supports earlier identification of health risks. Community screening complements individual clinical care and risk-factor management.
Q143.Which combination correctly matches a vitamin with its function and deficiency disorder?
[SSC Selection Post, Higher Secondary Level (31 Jul 2025, Shift 2) — 2025]
(a) Vitamin A—calcium absorption—scurvy
(b) Vitamin D—visual pigments—pellagra
(c) Vitamin B12—nerve function and red-cell formation—anaemia
(d) Vitamin C—blood clotting—night blindness
Answer: (c) Vitamin B12—nerve function and red-cell formation—anaemia
Explanation: Vitamin B12 is needed for DNA synthesis, normal red-cell production and nervous-system maintenance. Deficiency can cause megaloblastic anaemia and neurological symptoms. The other options mismatch the vitamins with the functions and deficiency conditions. Prevention often combines dietary diversity with targeted public-health nutrition measures.
Q142.Scurvy is characterised by swelling and bleeding of gums. Deficiency of which vitamin causes scurvy?
[RPF Constable 2024 cycle (held 7 Mar 2025, Shift 2) — 2025]
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Vitamin A
(c) Vitamin B1
(d) Vitamin D
Answer: (a) Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis. Prolonged deficiency weakens connective tissues and blood-vessel walls, causing swollen bleeding gums, bruising and poor wound healing. Fresh fruits and vegetables supply vitamin C. Characteristic clinical signs help distinguish overlapping deficiencies and guide further evaluation.
Q141.Match the deficiency diseases:
Vitamin A, D, B1 and C
with night blindness, rickets, beriberi and scurvy.
[SSC MTS (29 Oct 2024, Shift 1) — 2024]
(a) A–scurvy; D–rickets; B1–night blindness; C–beriberi
(b) A–night blindness; D–scurvy; B1–beriberi; C–rickets
(c) A–rickets; D–night blindness; B1–beriberi; C–scurvy
(d) A–night blindness; D–rickets; B1–beriberi; C–scurvy
Answer: (d) A–night blindness; D–rickets; B1–beriberi; C–scurvy
Explanation: Vitamin A contributes to vision, vitamin D to calcium metabolism, thiamine (B1) to energy metabolism and vitamin C to collagen synthesis. Their characteristic deficiencies are night blindness, rickets, beriberi and scurvy respectively. Characteristic clinical signs help distinguish overlapping deficiencies and guide further evaluation.