130. Consider three statements about the Rowlatt Act of 1919:
I. Gandhi launched nationwide Satyagraha against it.
II. It passed despite Indian members’ opposition.
III. It granted sweeping powers to suppress political activity.
Which are correct?
[UPSC NDA-II 2026, GAT]
A. I only
B. III only
C. I, II and III
D. I and II only
Answer: C. I, II and III
Explanation: All three statements are correct. The Rowlatt legislation of 1919 allowed extraordinary repression and detention without trial. Gandhi called for a nationwide campaign against it, while Indian legislators had protested its passage. This agitation marked an expansion of Gandhian mass politics.
129. Who founded Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith at Varanasi?
[UPSSSC Lower PCS 2026]
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. Acharya Narendra Dev
C. Babu Shiv Prasad Gupta
D. Madan Mohan Malaviya
Answer: C. Babu Shiv Prasad Gupta
Explanation: Babu Shiv Prasad Gupta founded the institution in February 1921 during the Non-Cooperation Movement. It offered nationalist education independent of colonial institutions. Gandhi lent his support to this educational experiment, but he was not its founder.
128. Which of these events took place earliest?
[UPSC CAPF (AC) 2026]
A. Dandi March
B. Chauri Chaura incident
C. Partition of Bengal
D. Champaran Satyagraha
Answer: C. Partition of Bengal
Explanation: The Bengal partition occurred in 1905 under Lord Curzon. Gandhi’s Champaran intervention followed in 1917, the Chauri Chaura incident occurred in 1922, and the Dandi March began in 1930. The sequence therefore begins with the partition.
127. Which British measure directly prompted Gandhi’s Rowlatt Satyagraha?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II 2025, held July 2026]
A. Restrictions on salt production
B. Detention without trial
C. A new system of separate electorates
D. A land revenue settlement
Answer: B. Detention without trial
Explanation: The Rowlatt Act of 1919 empowered colonial authorities to imprison suspects without an ordinary judicial trial. Gandhi condemned these powers and mobilized a hartal and nonviolent protest. The controversy helped bring urban populations into a nationwide campaign.
126. Why was salt particularly effective as the focus of Gandhi’s Civil Disobedience campaign?
[OTET Social Studies 2026]
A. It was consumed only by merchants
B. It concerned only coastal fishermen
C. It was an everyday necessity across social classes
D. It was imported exclusively from Europe
Answer: C. It was an everyday necessity across social classes
Explanation: Salt was essential to Indians regardless of occupation, income or region. By breaking the colonial salt law in 1930, Gandhi made an abstract demand for freedom concrete. The symbol enabled ordinary people to participate in civil disobedience.
125. Which pact suspended the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I 2026]
A. Poona Pact
B. Lahore Pact
C. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
D. Lucknow Pact
Answer: C. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
Explanation: Signed on 5 March 1931, the Gandhi-Irwin Pact provided for the suspension of civil disobedience and Congress participation in the Second Round Table Conference. Certain prisoners were to be released and limited salt-making concessions were accepted.
124. In which year did Gandhi lead the Kheda Satyagraha?
[DSSSB MTS 2026, 14 May Shift 2]
A. 1916
B. 1908
C. 1918
D. 1920
Answer: C. 1918
Explanation: The Kheda campaign occurred in 1918 in Gujarat. Farmers affected by crop failure and hardship demanded remission of land revenue. Gandhi and local leaders, especially Vallabhbhai Patel, organized collective refusal to pay until relief was secured.
123. After Gandhi’s arrest, which salt protest was led by Sarojini Naidu?
[DSSSB MTS 2026, 12 May Shift 2]
A. Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha
B. Dharasana Salt Works Satyagraha
C. Payyanur Salt Satyagraha
D. Nagpur Salt Satyagraha
Answer: B. Dharasana Salt Works Satyagraha
Explanation: The Dharasana protest took place in Gujarat in May 1930. After Gandhi and Abbas Tyabji were arrested, Sarojini Naidu helped lead nonviolent volunteers towards the government salt works. Reports of the police assault gained international attention.
122. When did Gandhi establish the Satyagraha Sabha at Bombay to resist the Rowlatt Act?
[DSSSB MTS 2026, 12 May Shift 2]
A. April 1920
B. April 1919
C. February 1919
D. February 1920
Answer: C. February 1919
Explanation: Gandhi organized the Satyagraha Sabha in February 1919 to coordinate opposition to the proposed repressive legislation. Members pledged nonviolent resistance. The subsequent nationwide hartal demonstrated the potential and difficulties of mobilizing people across India.
121. Which movement launched in August 1942 carried Gandhi’s slogan “Do or Die”?
[DSSSB MTS 2026, 10 May Shift 3]
A. Swadeshi Movement
B. Quit India Movement
C. Non-Cooperation Movement
D. Khilafat Movement
Answer: B. Quit India Movement
Explanation: Gandhi delivered the Do or Die call at the All India Congress Committee meeting in Bombay on 8 August 1942. The Quit India resolution demanded an end to British rule. The government immediately arrested major Congress leaders.