Q149. What was Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s greatest social achievement?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, Shift 2 — 2026]
(A) Promoting English education
(B) Founding the Indian National Congress
(C) Abolition of child marriage
(D) Abolition of Sati in 1829
Answer: (D) Abolition of Sati in 1829
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy campaigned vigorously against sati and argued against its supposed scriptural legitimacy. Governor-General William Bentinck prohibited the practice in Bengal Presidency under Regulation XVII of 1829. Roy also advocated education, freedom of the press, and reform.
Q148. What was the primary objective of Pandita Ramabai’s work?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, Shift 2 — 2026]
(A) Establishing a national army
(B) Promoting traditional religious practices
(C) Political independence for India
(D) Women’s education and empowerment
Answer: (D) Women’s education and empowerment
Explanation: Pandita Ramabai championed the education and rights of women, especially widows. She formed Arya Mahila Samaj in 1882 and later established Sharada Sadan. Her initiatives challenged child marriage, social exclusion and the severe restrictions imposed upon vulnerable women.
Q147. Which feature distinguished Arya Samaj meetings during Dayanand Saraswati’s lifetime?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, Shift 1 — 2026]
(A) They involved animal sacrifices
(B) Only Brahmins could attend
(C) Women participated equally
(D) They were held only in temples
Answer: (C) Women participated equally
Explanation: Arya Samaj encouraged women’s participation in religious and social activities while emphasizing Vedic teachings. Founded by Dayanand Saraswati in 1875, the movement opposed idol worship and hereditary caste privileges and worked to advance education and social reforms.
Q146. Who started the Arya Samaj movement in 1875?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, Shift 2 — 2026]
(A) Mahatma Gandhi
(B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(C) Ramakrishna Paramahansa
(D) Dayanand Saraswati
Answer: (D) Dayanand Saraswati
Explanation: Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj at Bombay in 1875. He called for a return to the Vedas and criticized idolatry, superstition and caste discrimination. Its educational activities subsequently expanded prominently across northern India.
Q145. Which feature best reflects the Brahmo Samaj’s reformist understanding of Hindu worship?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, Shift 2 — 2026]
(A) Reviving Vedic polytheism and ritual offerings
(B) Promoting one God and rejecting ritual sacrifices
(C) Upholding hereditary priests and caste divisions
(D) Defending elaborate temple ceremonies
Answer: (B) Promoting one God and rejecting ritual sacrifices
Explanation: Brahmo Samaj stressed belief in one formless God and rejected idolatry, ritual sacrifice and priestly monopoly. Established as Brahmo Sabha by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828, it became an important vehicle for nineteenth-century religious and social reform.
Q144. Which Indian region became the principal centre of the Wahabi Movement?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, Shift 2 — 2026]
(A) Bihar
(B) Delhi
(C) Punjab
(D) Bengal
Answer: (A) Bihar
Explanation: The movement associated with Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi had an important organizational centre at Patna in Bihar. It promoted Islamic religious renewal, drawing inspiration from earlier revivalist thought. Under colonial rule, sections of its networks also drew British official suspicion.
Q143. Who founded Brahmo Sabha in Calcutta, later called Brahmo Samaj?
[DSSSB Court Attendant, Shift 1 — 2026]
(A) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(B) Raja Ram Mohun Roy
(C) Mahatma Gandhi
(D) Swami Vivekananda
Answer: (B) Raja Ram Mohun Roy
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Sabha in 1828 at Calcutta. It emphasized monotheism and rational religious inquiry, opposing idol worship and ritualism. Its associated reform culture supported improvements in women’s status and modern intellectual life.
Q142. Who founded the Self-Respect Movement?
[SSC GD Constable, Shift 2 — 2026]
(A) E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker
(B) Ghasidas
(C) Sree Narayana Guru
(D) Jyotirao Phule
Answer: (A) E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker
Explanation: E. V. Ramasamy, widely known as Periyar, launched the Self-Respect Movement in 1925 in the Madras Presidency. It attacked caste hierarchy, social inequality, patriarchy and religious superstition, advocating rational thinking and dignity for historically marginalized communities.
Q141. Which leader is associated with both the Aligarh Movement and Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College?
[DSSSB MTS, Shift 3 — 2026]
(A) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
(B) Nawab Salimullah Khan
(C) Badruddin Tyabji
(D) Syed Ameer Ali
Answer: (A) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
Explanation: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan promoted modern scientific and English education among Indian Muslims. His educational initiative at Aligarh developed into Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College and later Aligarh Muslim University. The Aligarh Movement placed education at the centre of community advancement.