Q80. What immediately triggered the launch of the Swadeshi Movement?
[Allahabad High Court ARO (15 December 2021)]
(A) Partition of Bengal by Curzon
(B) Tilak receiving eighteen months in jail
(C) Deportation of Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh
(D) Death sentence on the Chapekar Brothers
Answer: (A) Partition of Bengal by Curzon
Explanation: Lord Curzon’s partition of Bengal, implemented in October 1905, caused intense popular protest. Swadeshi and boycott developed as major forms of resistance, backed by national education and voluntary organization. This movement transformed Indian politics and strengthened assertive nationalism.
Q79. Who shot W. C. Rand, the plague commissioner at Pune?
[RRB NTPC CBT-I (7 April 2021)]
(A) Bhagat Singh
(B) Damodar Chapekar
(C) Vasudev Balwant Phadke
(D) V. D. Savarkar
Answer: (B) Damodar Chapekar
Explanation: Damodar Hari Chapekar and his brother Balkrishna attacked British officers in June 1897. W. C. Rand had supervised unpopular plague measures in Pune. Their actions became a landmark of early revolutionary nationalism in western India, distinct from Congress constitutional campaigning.
Q78. Which was an early assassination of a British officer after the Revolt of 1857?
[WBCS Preliminary Examination 2021]
(A) Rand by the Chapekar brothers
(B) John Saunders by Bhagat Singh
(C) Curzon Wyllie by Dhingra
(D) Jackson by Anant Kanhere
Answer: (A) Rand by the Chapekar brothers
Explanation: The Chapekar brothers targeted W. C. Rand at Pune in June 1897, well before the other listed revolutionary attacks. Severe measures taken during a bubonic plague epidemic fuelled local resentment. The killing was a significant episode in early anti-colonial militant activity.
Q77. How were the methods and aims of the early Indian National Congress chiefly described?
[Mizoram PSC Preliminary Examination 2021]
(A) Extremist
(B) Moderate
(C) Revolutionary socialist
(D) Colonialist
Answer: (B) Moderate
Explanation: The early Congress generally sought incremental constitutional reforms through petitions, speeches and representations. This Moderate approach differed from later nationalist strategies emphasizing boycott, mass mobilization and passive resistance. Assertive nationalism became especially prominent after the 1905 partition of Bengal.
Q76. Match the cases with associated persons:
Howrah–Jatindranath Mukherjee;
Lahore–Rajguru;
Delhi–Amir Chand;
Alipore–Aurobindo.
Which coding is correct?
[RPSC RAS Preliminary Examination (27 October 2021)]
(A) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(B) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(C) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
(D) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
Answer: (C) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
Explanation: The Alipore case involved Sri Aurobindo and revolutionary associates after the Muzaffarpur attempt. Jatindranath Mukherjee is connected with the Howrah case, Amir Chand with the Delhi conspiracy and Rajguru with the Lahore revolutionary prosecution. Thus the third code fits.
Q75. Who founded the Marathi newspaper Kesari?
[UPSC CDS-I General Knowledge (7 February 2021)]
(A) Lokmanya Tilak
(B) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(C) Lala Lajpat Rai
(D) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: (A) Lokmanya Tilak
Explanation: Tilak was involved in launching Kesari in 1881 as a Marathi-language nationalist paper, alongside the English Mahratta. Early editorial colleagues included Gopal Ganesh Agarkar. Tilak’s later writing brought him influence, controversy and prosecutions under colonial sedition laws.
Q74. In what year did the Swadeshi Movement begin?
[RRB NTPC CBT-I (23 February 2021, Shift 1)]
(A) 1847
(B) 1881
(C) 1921
(D) 1905
Answer: (D) 1905
Explanation: The Swadeshi Movement began in 1905 in response to the partition of Bengal under Lord Curzon. It supported Indian-made products and boycotted British imports. Leaders including Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Sri Aurobindo helped promote its nationalist programme.
Q73. During which national movement in Bengal was a tricolour flag designed?
[SSC GD Constable (25 November 2021, Shift 1)]
(A) Khilafat Movement
(B) Civil Disobedience Movement
(C) Swadeshi Movement
(D) Quit India Movement
Answer: (C) Swadeshi Movement
Explanation: The Swadeshi phase inspired early nationalist flags and patriotic imagery during the campaign against Bengal’s partition. The visual symbols helped communities express solidarity and a shared national identity. This preceded the final design of independent India’s national flag.
Q72. Which bank founded in 1911 was described as the first truly Swadeshi bank?
[DSSSB Assistant Engineer Civil (26 September 2021)]
(A) Canara Bank
(B) Bank of Baroda
(C) Central Bank of India
(D) Punjab National Bank
Answer: (C) Central Bank of India
Explanation: The Central Bank of India, established in 1911, promoted Indian management in banking and was described as the first truly Swadeshi bank. The broader nationalist movement supported indigenous financial and industrial enterprises as part of reducing dependence on British commercial institutions.
Q71. Which Bengali radical used the Amrita Bazar Patrika to challenge the Moderate politics of Surendranath Banerjee?
[WBCS Mains General Studies I 2021]
(A) Brahmabandhav Upadhyay
(B) Aurobindo Ghosh
(C) Bipin Chandra Pal
(D) Motilal Ghosh
Answer: (D) Motilal Ghosh
Explanation: Motilal Ghosh was a leading figure at the Amrita Bazar Patrika, an important nationalist newspaper. The paper’s criticism and reporting helped form public political opinion. Its vigorous tone sometimes contrasted with the cautious constitutional strategy of Moderate nationalists.
