Q100. Under which Governor-General was the partition of Bengal announced in 1905?
[WBCS Mains General Studies I 2023]
(A) Lord Curzon
(B) Lord Wellesley
(C) Lord Amherst
(D) Lord William Bentinck
Answer: (A) Lord Curzon
Explanation: Lord Curzon announced Bengal’s partition in 1905, claiming administrative convenience. Nationalists saw the decision as an effort to weaken political unity. The resulting anti-partition, Swadeshi and boycott campaigns fostered assertive nationalism and greatly intensified Congress divisions.
Q99. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was the editor of:
[WBCS Mains History 2022]
(A) Hindoo Patriot
(B) Hind Swaraj
(C) Kesari
(D) Anandamath
Answer: (C) Kesari
Explanation: Kesari, published in Marathi, was one of Tilak’s best-known newspapers. He also edited the English-language Mahratta. They helped develop public support for political rights and criticize colonial policies, making journalism central to his role in assertive nationalism.
Q98. The Surat Split in the Congress happened in:
[WBCS Mains History 2022]
(A) 1906
(B) 1907
(C) 1908
(D) 1909
Answer: (B) 1907
Explanation: The organizational split happened at Surat in December 1907, after differences intensified during the Bengal partition agitation. Extremists promoted broader boycott and direct action, while Moderates wanted restraint and constitutional methods. Congress unity was restored through the Lucknow session in 1916.
Q97. At which Congress session did the Moderate and Extremist factions reunite?
[MPSC Group C Prelims (5 November 2022)]
(A) Surat Session
(B) Lucknow Session
(C) Faizpur Session
(D) Allahabad Session
Answer: (B) Lucknow Session
Explanation: The Lucknow session of 1916 brought the Congress factions together after the split at Surat in 1907. Ambika Charan Majumdar presided over the meeting. The same gathering is remembered for the Congress–Muslim League understanding commonly called the Lucknow Pact.
Q96. At which session did the Congress divide into two factions, Moderates and Extremists?
[SSC CPO Tier I (9 November 2022, Shift 3)]
(A) Calcutta 1907
(B) Surat 1907
(C) Nagpur 1907
(D) Chotanagpur 1908
Answer: (B) Surat 1907
Explanation: In December 1907 the Surat Congress session collapsed amid disputes over the party presidency and the boycott programme. The conflict reflected growing disagreement between constitutional moderation and assertive national agitation. The two wings ultimately reunited at Lucknow in 1916.
Q95. In what year did the Congress Surat Split occur?
[SSC CPO Tier I (10 November 2022, Shift 3)]
(A) 1907
(B) 1905
(C) 1906
(D) 1908
Answer: (A) 1907
Explanation: Surat witnessed the organizational break between Moderates and Extremists in 1907. Tensions had sharpened since the anti-partition movement of 1905 and the 1906 Calcutta programme. The confrontation culminated in an aborted session and years of separation between factions.
Q94. In which Indian National Congress session did Moderates and Extremists split?
[Delhi Police Head Constable (14 October 2022, Shift 3)]
(A) Lucknow 1916
(B) Calcutta 1896
(C) Nagpur 1891
(D) Surat 1907
Answer: (D) Surat 1907
Explanation: The factional rupture was at Surat in 1907. Leaders differed over leadership, methods of boycott and the radical interpretation of Swaraj. The split weakened organized nationalist pressure temporarily, before changing political conditions encouraged reunion at the Lucknow session of 1916.
Q93. Which Congress session witnessed the division between the Moderate and Extremist wings?
[DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant (3 April 2022, Shift 2)]
(A) Lahore 1929
(B) Lucknow 1916
(C) Surat 1907
(D) Calcutta 1928
Answer: (C) Surat 1907
Explanation: The break occurred at the Surat Congress session in 1907. The immediate dispute concerned the presidential election and control over resolutions, while the deeper issue was the strategy of agitation. Reunion of the main factions eventually took place in 1916.
Q92. Who, besides two Chapekar brothers, was hanged in Pune in 1899 for revolutionary activity?
[MPSC Subordinate Services ASO Mains (31 July 2022)]
(A) Mahadev Ranade
(B) Rajabapu Mhaskar
(C) Damodar Balwant Bhide
(D) Bhausaheb Ghatge
Answer: (A) Mahadev Ranade
Explanation: Mahadev Vinayak Ranade participated in revolutionary actions linked to the Chapekar network. He was executed in May 1899 after the retaliatory killing of police informants. The Chapekar episode grew out of public anger over severe plague-control measures in Pune.
Q91. Who served as Mahatma Gandhi’s political mentor?
[OSSC Welfare Extension Officer (17 December 2022)]
(A) Bipin Chandra Pal
(B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(C) Lala Lajpat Rai
(D) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer: (D) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Explanation: Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a key Moderate leader who supported gradual reforms and constitutional campaigning. Gandhi admired him and described him as his political mentor. The other choices were leading figures in the assertive nationalist tendency, especially during the Swadeshi years.
