Q90. Who founded the Naujawan Bharat Sabha in 1926?
[OSSC BSSO (7 November 2022, Shift 2)]
(A) Lala Lajpat Rai
(B) Bhagat Singh
(C) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: (B) Bhagat Singh
Explanation: Bhagat Singh helped organize Naujawan Bharat Sabha at Lahore in 1926 to mobilize young people politically. Lala Lajpat Rai belonged to an earlier assertive nationalist generation, although both were prominent in Punjab. The question distinguishes their organizations and periods.
Q89. Which statement about Lala Lajpat Rai is incorrect?
[ICAR Technician (28 February 2022, Shift 3)]
(A) He was a Punjab nationalist
(B) He was associated with Arya Samaj
(C) He was known as Punjab Kesari
(D) He was born in 1855
Answer: (D) He was born in 1855
Explanation: Lajpat Rai was born on 28 January 1865, not 1855. Associated with Arya Samaj, he became known as Punjab Kesari and joined the Lal–Bal–Pal nationalist leadership. His involvement in protests against the Simon Commission culminated in his death in 1928.
Q88. Consider the statements: I. Rash Behari Ghosh presided over the 1907 Congress session. II. Congress split into Moderates and Extremists there. III. S. P. Sinha presided over the 1916 reunion session. Which are correct?
[CGPSC Preliminary Examination (13 February 2022)]
(A) All three are true
(B) All three are false
(C) I and II true, III false
(D) I and II false, III true
Answer: (C) I and II true, III false
Explanation: The 1907 Surat session was chaired by Rash Behari Ghosh and saw the factional rupture. The Congress factions reunited at Lucknow in 1916 under Ambika Charan Majumdar, not S. P. Sinha. Therefore the first two statements alone hold.
Q87. Which newspaper–editor combination is incorrectly matched?
[UPSC CDS-I General Knowledge (10 April 2022)]
(A) Navjivan–Mahatma Gandhi
(B) Mahratta–Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(C) Bengalee–Surendranath Banerjee
(D) Voice of India–Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer: (D) Voice of India–Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Explanation: Voice of India was associated with Dadabhai Naoroji rather than Gokhale. Tilak edited Mahratta in English and Kesari in Marathi, using the press to circulate nationalist views. Newspapers were central to both Moderate political argument and the growth of assertive nationalism.
Q86. Which events occurred in 1916: 1. Lucknow Congress session; 2. Congress–League Pact; 3. Formation of Home Rule Leagues?
[UPSC CDS-I General Knowledge (10 April 2022)]
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 2 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: The Home Rule Leagues of Tilak and Annie Besant began in 1916. That year also saw the Lucknow Congress session, Congress–Muslim League understanding and reunion of the Moderate and Extremist Congress groups, making it a major year for nationalist coordination.
Q85. In which year did the first partition of Bengal occur?
[WBCS Mains General Studies I 2022]
(A) 1910
(B) 1911
(C) 1905
(D) 1906
Answer: (C) 1905
Explanation: The partition of Bengal was implemented in October 1905 under Lord Curzon. The measure triggered Swadeshi and boycott protests, promoted national education and encouraged new methods of political mobilization. The partition was annulled in 1911.
Q84. In which journal did Aurobindo Ghosh publish his series of critiques of Congress called New Lamps for Old?
[WBCS Mains History 2021]
(A) Induprakash
(B) Indumati
(C) Somprakash
(D) Yugantar
Answer: (A) Induprakash
Explanation: Sri Aurobindo’s early political essays New Lamps for Old appeared in the journal Indu Prakash in the 1890s. They criticized the Congress leadership for timid methods and helped anticipate the later turn toward assertive nationalism and demands for genuine national self-rule.
Q83. In which Congress session did the extremist agenda first appear on the INC platform?
[WBCS Mains History 2021]
(A) Madras, 1888
(B) Amaravati, 1897
(C) Bombay, 1905
(D) Surat, 1907
Answer: (B) Amaravati, 1897
Explanation: The cited WBCS question identifies the Amaravati session of 1897 as the first Congress platform appearance of an extremist agenda. Assertive tendencies grew thereafter, culminating in the Bengal Swadeshi agitation from 1905 and the much more visible factional crisis at Surat in 1907.
Q82. Which feature characterized the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal during 1905–09?
[WBCS Mains History 2021]
(A) Boycott
(B) Revolutionary terrorism
(C) Voluntary associations
(D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Explanation: The Swadeshi phase included economic boycott, volunteer associations and, in some circles, revolutionary militancy. Its broader social reach distinguished it from earlier elite petitions. Different activists adopted different methods, so these activities should not all be treated as identical forms of nationalism.
Q81. Who was the editor of the journal Mahratta?
[WBCS Mains History 2021]
(A) P. S. Mehta
(B) B. G. Tilak
(C) G. K. Gokhale
(D) Dinshaw Wacha
Answer: (B) B. G. Tilak
Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak edited the English paper Mahratta alongside the Marathi Kesari. Both were vehicles for anti-colonial public argument and the growing demand for self-government. Newspapers served as essential organizational instruments before mass political communication became commonplace.
