Computer & Information Technology

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Q210. Which kind of ROM can be electrically erased and programmed again many times?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2024 cycle (held 18 January 2025)]

1. Mask ROM
2. EPROM
3. PROM
4. EEPROM

Answer: D. EEPROM

Explanation: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory can be erased and rewritten through electrical signals. Ordinary EPROM historically requires ultraviolet light for erasure, whereas PROM is programmed only once. EEPROM is useful for maintaining reprogrammable settings without continuous power.

Q209. For a CPU, assess:
(i) clock speed regulates instruction-cycle timing;
(ii) cache speeds access to frequently used data and instructions.

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2024 cycle (held 18 January 2025)]

1. Both (i) and (ii) are true
2. Only (ii) is true
3. Only (i) is true
4. Both are false

Answer: A. Both (i) and (ii) are true

Explanation: Processor clocks coordinate internal operations, although performance also depends on architecture and work per cycle. Cache retains frequently needed instructions and data close to the processor, reducing average access latency compared with repeatedly reading slower main memory.

Q208. Why does dynamic RAM require regular refresh operations?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2024 cycle (held 18 January 2025)]

1. To clear unused files
2. To let the CPU execute new instructions
3. To eliminate interference from magnetic fields
4. To replenish charge in memory-cell capacitors

Answer: D. To replenish charge in memory-cell capacitors

Explanation: DRAM represents stored bits with electrical charges in microscopic capacitors. Because charge leaks away, circuitry periodically refreshes the cells to maintain stored values. Static RAM does not use this same capacitor-refresh mechanism, though it still requires power to retain information.

Q207. Which technology enables voice or video communication directly through a compatible web browser?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2024 cycle, held 18 January 2025]

1. FTP
2. Email
3. VoIP by itself
4. WebRTC

Answer: D. WebRTC

Explanation: WebRTC provides browser-oriented real-time media and data communication APIs. Voice over IP is a broader technology family, but WebRTC specifically supports browser-to-browser voice and video without a dedicated standalone application.

Q206. What is electronic mail fundamentally designed to do?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2024 cycle, held 18 January 2025]

1. Perform secure payments
2. Transmit digital messages over networks
3. Replace all cloud storage
4. Make internet voice calls

Answer: B. Transmit digital messages over networks

Explanation: Email delivers digital messages to recipients over computer networks using standard protocols and mail systems. It is not principally a payment method, a file-storage platform or a real-time calling system.

Q205. What operation can Windows File Explorer directly perform?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2024 cycle, held 18 January 2025]

1. Create user accounts
2. Copy or move files
3. Change all system policies
4. Run hardware diagnostics

Answer: B. Copy or move files

Explanation: File Explorer manages locations and file operations such as copying, moving, renaming and deleting data. Account administration and advanced diagnostics belong to different system-management tools.

Q204. Which kind of virus attacks disk boot sectors or the master boot record?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2024 cycle, held 18 January 2025]

1. Macro virus
2. Resident virus
3. Direct-action virus
4. Boot-sector virus

Answer: D. Boot-sector virus

Explanation: Boot-sector viruses target disk-startup code, historically including floppy boot records and hard-disk master boot records. Macro viruses infect documents, while resident and direct-action describe different modes of virus activity.

Q203. Which protocol family is commonly used to encrypt sensitive data during transmission?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2024 cycle, held 18 January 2025]

1. Decryption
2. Hashing alone
3. SSL/TLS
4. Compression

Answer: C. SSL/TLS

Explanation: SSL and its successor TLS provide cryptographic protection for many network connections, including HTTPS. Hashing and compression alone do not encrypt a live communications channel or authenticate it as TLS can.

Q202. Which type of software installs operating-system patches without manual intervention?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2024 cycle, held 18 January 2025]

1. Intrusion detection
2. Secure Boot
3. Firewall
4. Patch management software

Answer: D. Patch management software

Explanation: Patch management tools distribute and schedule security and maintenance updates across systems. Intrusion detection observes suspicious activity, Secure Boot validates startup components, and firewalls regulate network access.

Q201. Consider these statements:
I. The Majorana 1 chip is expected to contribute to quantum computing.
II. Amazon Web Services introduced Majorana 1.
III. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning.

Which are correct?

[UPSC CSE Prelims 2025]

1. I and II only
2. II and III only
3. I and III only
4. I, II and III

Answer: C. I and III only

Explanation: Microsoft, not Amazon Web Services, announced Majorana 1 in 2025, so statement II is incorrect. The technology was presented as a quantum-computing advance. Deep learning uses multilayer neural networks and is a specialised branch of machine learning; statements I and III hold.