Computer & Information Technology

441

Q180. Which programming language category includes FORTRAN?

[IBPS RRB PO/Clerk 2024 — Adda247 memory-based compilation; exact sitting not specified]

1. Assembly language
2. Machine language
3. High-level language
4. Only scripting language
5. Low-level language

Answer: C. High-level language

Explanation: FORTRAN, meaning Formula Translation, is an early high-level language created for mathematical and scientific calculations. It made programming numerical problems easier than expressing each operation through machine-code instructions.

Q179. Which firewall technique checks network-layer packet headers against filtering rules?

[SSC CHSL Tier-II, 2 November 2023, Shift 1]

1. Circuit-level gateway
2. Application gateway
3. Packet filtering
4. Network filtering

Answer: C. Packet filtering

Explanation: Packet-filtering firewalls inspect attributes such as source and destination IP addresses, transport protocol and ports, and apply allow-or-deny rules. An application gateway can inspect higher-level content, whereas circuit-level gateways manage connection sessions more abstractly.

Q178. Which POP email modes are supported: I. deleting messages after retrieval; II. keeping messages on the server?

[SSC CHSL Tier-II, 2 November 2023, Shift 1]

1. Neither
2. Only II
3. Only I
4. Both I and II

Answer: D. Both I and II

Explanation: Post Office Protocol clients can be configured to delete downloaded mail from the server or leave copies there, depending on implementation and settings. These arrangements are often described as delete and keep modes. POP is designed primarily for email retrieval.

Q177. The Page Setup dialog in Microsoft Office 365 is accessed principally from which tab?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2023, 26 October 2023]

1. Home
2. Draw
3. Layout
4. Insert

Answer: C. Layout

Explanation: Word’s Layout tab contains page setup tools for margins, orientation, paper size and related document settings. The Home tab focuses on editing and formatting text, while Insert adds content such as tables and images. Tab locations can vary by application.

Q176. In an Excel worksheet, what is called a cell?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2023, 26 October 2023]

1. A standalone data file
2. A full worksheet
3. The intersection of a row and a column
4. A small chart

Answer: C. The intersection of a row and a column

Explanation: A spreadsheet cell lies at the intersection of a specific row and column. It can hold values, text or formulas and is identified by a reference such as B7. A workbook contains one or more worksheets with many such cells.

Q175. What does the SUM function perform in Excel 2019?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2023, 26 October 2023]

1. Multiplies a range
2. Adds the supplied numeric values
3. Counts cells
4. Averages values

Answer: B. Adds the supplied numeric values

Explanation: SUM computes the arithmetic total of its numeric arguments or cell ranges. AVERAGE computes the mean, COUNT counts numeric entries, and PRODUCT multiplies supplied numbers. Knowing these common functions is fundamental to spreadsheet calculations and basic data analysis.

Q174. What is the purpose of Print Preview in a Word document?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2023, 26 October 2023]

1. Adding pictures
2. Changing fonts
3. Checking spelling
4. Seeing the expected printed page layout

Answer: D. Seeing the expected printed page layout

Explanation: Print Preview shows how a document will be arranged on physical pages, including margins, page breaks and headers. It allows users to catch layout problems before printing. Editing text, spell-checking and adding images are separate document-authoring activities.

Q173. What is the main job of random access memory while a computer operates?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2023 (26 October 2023)]

1. To archive all files permanently
2. To store software for years
3. To hold data and programs presently needed by the CPU
4. To control external devices independently

Answer: C. To hold data and programs presently needed by the CPU

Explanation: RAM is fast, directly accessible working memory holding instructions and data for active processes. It is generally volatile, so its contents disappear when power is lost. Persistent files and archives belong on nonvolatile secondary storage such as SSDs or hard disks.

Q172. Which backup medium can hold complete system images but often takes comparatively long to restore?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2023 (26 October 2023)]

1. Magnetic tape drive
2. Network-attached storage appliance
3. Solid-state drive
4. DVD-RW disc

Answer: A. Magnetic tape drive

Explanation: Magnetic tape can efficiently hold large backup archives and is widely used for long-term retention. Because tape is sequential-access media, locating and restoring particular files can be slower than working with disk systems. Restoration performance depends on the backup configuration.

Q171. What does cache memory normally retain to improve the speed of a computer?

[SSC CGL Tier-II 2023 (26 October 2023)]

1. Permanent copies of all files
2. Frequently reused instructions and data
3. Control signals for every peripheral
4. All memory-allocation tables

Answer: B. Frequently reused instructions and data

Explanation: Cache is a small, fast memory tier positioned near or inside the processor. By retaining recently or repeatedly used data and instructions, it reduces the frequency of accesses to slower main memory. This improves average execution performance through locality of reference.