Computer & Information Technology

386

Q40. Convert the binary number 11010001 into octal notation.

[MPPSC Assistant Engineer 2021]

1. 321
2. 123
3. 641
4. 146

Answer: A. 321

Explanation: Group binary digits into sets of three starting on the right: 011 010 001. These represent octal digits 3, 2 and 1 respectively. Thus binary 11010001 equals octal 321. The method works because eight equals two cubed.

Q39. Ubuntu is best identified as what kind of software?

[RRB NTPC, 28 December 2020, Shift 1]

1. Malware
2. Operating system
3. External hard disk
4. Web browser

Answer: B. Operating system

Explanation: Ubuntu is a Linux-based open-source operating system distribution maintained with support from Canonical and a developer community. It manages a computer’s resources and provides a platform for applications. It is neither a web browser nor a piece of external hardware.

Q38. For computer architecture, expand the abbreviation RISC.

[UPPSC Assistant Engineer 2019 recruitment (exam held 13 December 2020)]

1. Redefined Instruction Set Computer
2. Reduced Instruction Set Computer
3. Restructured Instruction Set Computer
4. Regional Instruction Set Computer

Answer: B. Reduced Instruction Set Computer

Explanation: RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer. It describes a processor design philosophy favouring a relatively simple and regular instruction repertoire, often facilitating efficient pipelines. The concept is contrasted with Complex Instruction Set Computer architectures, though real processors may blend approaches.

Q37. Find the one’s complement of the binary word 0000 1111 0010 1101.

[RRB JE, 19 September 2019, Shift 1]

1. 1111 1100 1010 1100
2. 1111 0000 1101 0010
3. 1111 0000 0010 1101
4. 1001 0010 1010 1100

Answer: B. 1111 0000 1101 0010

Explanation: The one’s complement is produced by changing every zero to one and every one to zero, without adding a final unit. Inverting the sixteen bits of 0000 1111 0010 1101 yields 1111 0000 1101 0010.

Q36. What is the expansion of PPP in data communications?

[RRB JE, 1 September 2019, Shift 2 (Electronics)]

1. Packet to Point Protocol
2. Point-to-Point Protocol
3. Point to Packet Protocol
4. Packet-to-Packet Protocol

Answer: B. Point-to-Point Protocol

Explanation: Point-to-Point Protocol is a data-link layer protocol designed to carry packets across a direct connection between two network nodes. It can support link configuration and authentication. PPP was widely used for dial-up networking and dedicated point-to-point communication links.

Q35. In an entity–relationship diagram, which shape denotes a multivalued attribute?

[RRB JE, 1 September 2019, Shift 2]

1. Rectangle
2. Dashed ellipse
3. Double ellipse
4. Diamond

Answer: C. Double ellipse

Explanation: An ER diagram draws ordinary attributes as ellipses and multivalued attributes as double ellipses. A person having several telephone numbers is a classic illustration. Rectangles usually denote entity types and diamonds represent relationships between entities.

Q34. A modem marked ’56K’ refers to which property?

[RRB JE, 1 September 2019, Shift 2]

1. Physical size
2. Memory capacity
3. Storage capacity
4. Data transmission rate

Answer: D. Data transmission rate

Explanation: The old ’56K’ label describes a nominal maximum downstream communication rate of around 56 kilobits per second under suitable conditions. It is not a memory or physical-size designation. Actual speeds over telephone connections could be lower because of line quality.

Q33. In packet-switched networking, which delays may occur: transmission, processing and queuing?

[RRB JE, 1 September 2019, Shift 1]

1. Transmission only
2. Processing only
3. Queuing only
4. All of these

Answer: D. All of these

Explanation: Routers may incur processing delay while checking headers, queueing delay while packets wait, and transmission delay while bits are placed onto a link. Propagation delay is another component. Together these affect end-to-end response time in packet-switched networks.

Q32. Which measure is often used to evaluate cache-memory performance?

[RRB JE, 31 August 2019]

1. Register
2. Associative mapping
3. Hit ratio
4. Set-associative mapping

Answer: C. Hit ratio

Explanation: Cache hit ratio is the fraction of memory accesses satisfied by the cache instead of slower memory. A high hit rate usually reduces average memory-access time. Associative mapping and set associativity describe placement methods, not the performance proportion requested here.

Q31. Which of the following fall within the system development life cycle: feasibility, coding and implementation?

[RRB JE, 30 August 2019]

1. Implementation only
2. Feasibility only
3. All three
4. Coding only

Answer: C. All three

Explanation: System development normally proceeds through requirements, feasibility assessment, design, implementation, testing and deployment, sometimes followed by maintenance. The named activities therefore all belong to a complete development life cycle. Their exact ordering and iteration depend on the chosen development method.