Q40. Which reform period was associated with the formation of the Chamber of Princes in 1921?
[UPPSC PCS Preliminary Examination (2023)]
A. Government of India Act, 1919
B. Charter Act, 1793
C. Indian Councils Act, 1909
D. Charter Act, 1853
Answer: A. Government of India Act, 1919
Explanation: The Government of India Act, 1919, known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced provincial dyarchy and a two-chamber central legislature. The Chamber of Princes was inaugurated in 1921 by royal proclamation, amid post-war constitutional changes associated with the 1919 reform period.
Q39. Which Act created the dual-control system for governing the East India Company?
[SSC MTS (2022 Cycle), Shift 1 (2023)]
A. Pitt’s India Act, 1784
B. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, 1919
C. Charter Act, 1793
D. Charter Act, 1813
Answer: A. Pitt’s India Act, 1784
Explanation: Pitt’s India Act of 1784 strengthened British political oversight through a Board of Control, while the East India Company’s directors retained important corporate functions. Dual control combined the Company Court of Directors with the government’s Board of Control, which supervised political matters.
Q38. Who was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at Fort William, Calcutta?
[MP Excise Constable (2023)]
A. John Lemaistre
B. Elijah Impey
C. Robert Chambers
D. Stephen Hyde
Answer: B. Elijah Impey
Explanation: The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first major parliamentary step to supervise the East India Company, creating a Bengal Governor-General and providing for a Calcutta Supreme Court. Sir Elijah Impey served as inaugural Chief Justice of the court founded in 1774 under arrangements following the Regulating Act.
Q37. Which British statute introduced provincial autonomy in India?
[CTET (2023)]
A. Morley-Minto Reforms
B. Rowlatt Act
C. Government of India Act, 1935
D. Indian Independence Act, 1947
Answer: C. Government of India Act, 1935
Explanation: The Government of India Act, 1935, replaced provincial dyarchy with provincial autonomy, envisaged an all-India federation and established the framework for a Federal Court. The Act removed dyarchy from provinces and permitted ministries to govern important provincial subjects, subject to governors’ powers.
Q36. Which Act provided for admitting Indians as additional members to the Governor-General’s legislative council?
[Rajasthan CET Graduate (2023)]
A. Government of India Act, 1919
B. Indian Councils Act, 1909
C. Indian Councils Act, 1861
D. Indian Councils Act, 1892
Answer: C. Indian Councils Act, 1861
Explanation: The Indian Councils Act, 1861, restored legislative functions and expanded councils by allowing nominated additional members, including Indians. The 1861 legislation restored legislative functions and authorised the nomination of non-official members, including Indians, to legislative deliberations.
Q35. What happened to provincial budgets under the Government of India Act, 1919?
[SSC JE Mechanical (2022)]
A. They were separated from the central budget
B. They were merged into the central budget
C. The Viceroy drafted each provincial budget directly
D. Provincial governments no longer had budgets
Answer: A. They were separated from the central budget
Explanation: The Government of India Act, 1919, known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced provincial dyarchy and a two-chamber central legislature. Financial decentralisation accompanied provincial dyarchy and the wider distribution of administrative responsibilities between central and provincial authorities.
Q34. India’s first Supreme Court under British rule was established at which place?
[SSC CPO (2022)]
A. Madras
B. Assam
C. Calcutta
D. New Delhi
Answer: C. Calcutta
Explanation: The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first major parliamentary step to supervise the East India Company, creating a Bengal Governor-General and providing for a Calcutta Supreme Court. The Supreme Court at Fort William began functioning in 1774 following the judicial provision of the Regulating Act.
Q33. Where was the Supreme Court established under the Regulating Act, 1773?
[Madras High Court Recruitment Examination (2022)]
A. Calcutta
B. Bombay
C. Delhi
D. Madras
Answer: A. Calcutta
Explanation: The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first major parliamentary step to supervise the East India Company, creating a Bengal Governor-General and providing for a Calcutta Supreme Court. Fort William in Calcutta was the location, and the court’s founding marked the development of British royal judicial institutions.
Q32. Which constitutional law provided for the separation of Sind from the Bombay Presidency?
[UPSSSC PET (2022)]
A. Indian Independence Act, 1947
B. Wavell Plan
C. Cripps Mission proposals
D. Government of India Act, 1935
Answer: D. Government of India Act, 1935
Explanation: The Government of India Act, 1935, replaced provincial dyarchy with provincial autonomy, envisaged an all-India federation and established the framework for a Federal Court. Sind became a separate governor’s province in 1936 as part of the provincial reorganisation associated with the 1935 legislation.
Q31. The Indian Councils Act, 1909, is commonly identified with which reforms?
[RRB Group D (2022)]
A. Simon Commission
B. Quit India Movement
C. Chauri Chaura Movement
D. Morley-Minto Reforms
Answer: D. Morley-Minto Reforms
Explanation: The Indian Councils Act, 1909, also called the Morley-Minto Reforms, enlarged legislative councils and introduced separate Muslim electorates. The name combines the British Secretary of State and Viceroy in office when separate electorates were introduced.
