Q60. Who was Governor-General of India during the revolt of 1857 and the transition to Crown rule?
[WBPSC WBCS History Mains (2024)]
A. Lord Canning
B. Lord Curzon
C. Lord Cornwallis
D. Lord Minto
Answer: A. Lord Canning
Explanation: The Government of India Act, 1858, transferred governance from the East India Company to the British Crown, introducing a Secretary of State for India. Lord Canning governed during the uprising and subsequently became the first Viceroy after the 1858 constitutional change.
Q59. Under which Act was dyarchy introduced in Indian provinces?
[MPPSC Assistant Professor (2024)]
A. Indian Councils Act, 1909
B. Government of India Act, 1919
C. Government of India Act, 1935
D. Indian Independence Act, 1947
Answer: B. Government of India Act, 1919
Explanation: The Government of India Act, 1919, known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced provincial dyarchy and a two-chamber central legislature. Provincial administration was split into transferred subjects handled by ministers and reserved subjects controlled by governor-led executives.
Q58. Which Act introduced separate electorates for Muslims?
[SSC CPO, Shift 2 (2024)]
A. Government of India Act, 1919
B. Government of India Act, 1935
C. Indian Councils Act, 1909
D. Indian Councils Act, 1861
Answer: C. Indian Councils Act, 1909
Explanation: The Indian Councils Act, 1909, also called the Morley-Minto Reforms, enlarged legislative councils and introduced separate Muslim electorates. The Muslim separate electorate provision distinguished Morley-Minto legislation from earlier legislative-council reforms.
Q57. The Charter Act of 1833 abolished the Company’s monopoly over trade with which country?
[SSC CPO, Shift 2 (2024)]
A. Nepal
B. China
C. Burma
D. Sri Lanka
Answer: B. China
Explanation: The Charter Act of 1833 ended the Company’s remaining trading privileges, centralised legislative authority and created the office of Governor-General of India. It ended the Company’s last important trade monopolies, including Chinese commerce and tea, and remade it as an administrative organisation.
Q56. Which law terminated the East India Company’s monopoly over China trade?
[SSC Selection Post, Shift 2 (2024)]
A. Government of India Act, 1858
B. Charter Act, 1853
C. Charter Act, 1793
D. Charter Act, 1833
Answer: D. Charter Act, 1833
Explanation: The Charter Act of 1833 ended the Company’s remaining trading privileges, centralised legislative authority and created the office of Governor-General of India. The final commercial privileges of the Company were removed, completing the process of opening trade begun in 1813.
Q55. In what year were the Montagu-Chelmsford constitutional reforms enacted?
[DSSSB Jail Warder, Shift 2 (2024)]
A. 1917
B. 1919
C. 1918
D. 1916
Answer: B. 1919
Explanation: The Government of India Act, 1919, known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced provincial dyarchy and a two-chamber central legislature. Their legislative expression was the Government of India Act, 1919, which introduced provincial dyarchy and central bicameralism.
Q54. The Supreme Court established by the Regulating Act arrangements was located in which city?
[SSC JE Civil, Shift 3 (2024)]
A. Delhi
B. Calcutta
C. Madras
D. Bombay
Answer: B. Calcutta
Explanation: The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first major parliamentary step to supervise the East India Company, creating a Bengal Governor-General and providing for a Calcutta Supreme Court. The Supreme Court at Fort William was set up in Calcutta in 1774 under authority flowing from the 1773 statute.
Q53. Select the correct chronological order: Morley-Minto Reforms; Jallianwala Bagh; Gandhi-Irwin Pact; August Offer.
[CGPSC State Service Preliminary Examination (2024)]
A. Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Jallianwala Bagh, August Offer, Morley-Minto
B. Jallianwala Bagh, Morley-Minto, August Offer, Gandhi-Irwin
C. Morley-Minto, Jallianwala Bagh, Gandhi-Irwin Pact, August Offer
D. August Offer, Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Jallianwala Bagh, Morley-Minto
Answer: C. Morley-Minto, Jallianwala Bagh, Gandhi-Irwin Pact, August Offer
Explanation: The Indian Councils Act, 1909, also called the Morley-Minto Reforms, enlarged legislative councils and introduced separate Muslim electorates. The corresponding years are 1909, 1919, 1931 and 1940, placing the Indian Councils Act before the later political events.
Q52. Which Charter Act is chiefly associated with legislative centralisation in British India?
[SSC JE Civil, Shift 1 (2023)]
A. Charter Act, 1853
B. Charter Act, 1813
C. Charter Act, 1793
D. Charter Act, 1833
Answer: D. Charter Act, 1833
Explanation: The Charter Act of 1833 ended the Company’s remaining trading privileges, centralised legislative authority and created the office of Governor-General of India. Legislative authority became more centralised in the Governor-General of India’s council, limiting the legislative powers of subordinate presidencies.
Q51. Under which statute was the first Indian Law Commission created?
[SSC CPO, Shift 1 (2023)]
A. Indian Councils Act, 1909
B. Government of India Act, 1919
C. Charter Act, 1813
D. Charter Act, 1833
Answer: D. Charter Act, 1833
Explanation: The Charter Act of 1833 ended the Company’s remaining trading privileges, centralised legislative authority and created the office of Governor-General of India. The First Law Commission began work under Macaulay in 1834, and its recommendations influenced major codification initiatives.
