90. Which statements about Tej Bahadur Sapru are correct:
I. Associated with Central Hindu College;
II. Entered politics in the Home Rule period;
III. Participated in the Round Table Conferences?
[RRB JE CBT-I (25 February 2026, Shift 2)]
A. Only I
B. I, II and III
C. Only II
D. Only II and III
Answer: B. I, II and III
Explanation: Sapru was an influential liberal constitutionalist who participated in British–Indian constitutional discussions and advocated negotiation rather than a complete boycott of talks. The meetings addressed the constitutional future of British India, including federal arrangements and communal representation. The minority-representation question proved especially difficult to settle.
89. Which statement about the 1932 Poona Pact is NOT true?
[RRB JE CBT-I (19 February 2026, Shift 1)]
A. Ambedkar refused to sign it
B. The British government accepted it
C. It increased reserved seats for Depressed Classes
D. It replaced separate electorates with joint electorates
Answer: A. Ambedkar refused to sign it
Explanation: Ambedkar did sign the agreement. It retained political representation through reserved seats but abandoned separate electorates for the Depressed Classes. The agreement was finalized in September 1932 after the British Communal Award became intensely contested. Its implications for political representation continued to attract debate.
88. How many chosen volunteers accompanied Gandhi at the start of the Salt March?
[SSC MTS (11 February 2026, Shift 2; 2025 cycle)]
A. 52
B. 62
C. 78
D. 112
Answer: C. 78
Explanation: Gandhi set out from Sabarmati Ashram on 12 March 1930 with 78 carefully chosen companions on the route to Dandi. The government salt monopoly made producing ordinary salt a politically significant act of nonviolent defiance. Regional leaders reproduced the method in other parts of the country.
87. In which year did Gandhi travel to London for the Second Round Table Conference?
[SSC MTS (9 February 2026, Shift 2; 2025 cycle)]
A. 1930
B. 1931
C. 1932
D. 1933
Answer: B. 1931
Explanation: Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference in 1931 as Congress’s principal representative after the Gandhi–Irwin settlement. Disagreement about minority safeguards remained a central obstacle to achieving consensus at the London meetings. Congress participation varied between the three London conferences.
86. The Salt Satyagraha opposed which British policy?
[SSC CGL Tier-II (19 January 2026; 2025 cycle)]
A. High land-revenue taxation
B. Monopoly over manufacture and sale of salt
C. Restrictions on public meetings
D. Separate electorates
Answer: B. Monopoly over manufacture and sale of salt
Explanation: The 1930 protest challenged the colonial state’s control over salt, a daily essential. Gandhi deliberately chose an issue affecting every section of Indian society. The campaign drew considerable public attention and involved local leaders well beyond Gandhi’s original route.
85. Which Round Table Conference did Gandhi attend on behalf of the Indian National Congress?
[Delhi Police Constable (2 January 2026, Shift 1)]
A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Fourth
Answer: B. Second
Explanation: Congress boycotted the first conference, but the 1931 Gandhi–Irwin Pact enabled Gandhi’s attendance at the second; he did not attend the third. The first conference met in 1930, the second in 1931 and the third in 1932. The minority-representation question proved especially difficult to settle.
84. Which British prime minister announced the Communal Award in 1932?
[DSSSB TGT Social Science (8 November 2025, Shift 2)]
A. Winston Churchill
B. Neville Chamberlain
C. David Lloyd George
D. Ramsay MacDonald
Answer: D. Ramsay MacDonald
Explanation: MacDonald issued the August 1932 scheme for minority representation, provoking Gandhi’s fast over separate electorates for the Depressed Classes. Representation for religious minorities had already been structured through separate electorates in earlier reforms. Different communities contested the proposed electoral arrangements.
83. Where in Odisha did civil disobedience associated with salt-making become prominent in 1930?
[OSSSC CRE Prelims (28 October 2025, Shift 1)]
A. Cuttack
B. Inchudi
C. Sambalpur
D. Puri
Answer: B. Inchudi
Explanation: Inchudi became a leading Odisha centre of the Salt Satyagraha, illustrating that the campaign extended well beyond Gandhi’s Gujarat route. By targeting an essential commodity, nationalist activists made colonial economic policies understandable to ordinary people. It remains one of the clearest examples of symbolic nonviolent resistance.
82. In what year did Gandhi conclude an agreement with Irwin to suspend the satyagraha campaign?
[OSSSC CRE Prelims (20 October 2025, Shift 3)]
A. 1935
B. 1928
C. 1931
D. 1922
Answer: C. 1931
Explanation: The March 1931 settlement provided the basis for Congress joining constitutional talks in London while temporarily suspending civil disobedience. Congress later ratified the pact at the Karachi session, presided over by Vallabhbhai Patel. It represented a negotiated pause rather than the achievement of independence.
81. Arrange these events: 1. Poona Pact; 2. Final withdrawal of Civil Disobedience; 3. Gandhi–Irwin Pact; 4. Second Round Table Conference.
[UPPSC PCS Prelims (12 October 2025)]
A. 3, 4, 1, 2
B. 4, 3, 2, 1
C. 4, 3, 1, 2
D. 3, 4, 2, 1
Answer: A. 3, 4, 1, 2
Explanation: The Gandhi–Irwin settlement and second conference both occurred in 1931, followed by the Poona Pact in 1932 and final withdrawal in 1934. The constitutional negotiations of 1931–32 followed the initial nationwide salt-law protests of 1930. These dates connect constitutional developments with major phases of public mobilization.
80. Arrange: 1. Muslim League Pakistan resolution; 2. Gandhi–Irwin Pact; 3. Dandi March; 4. Second Round Table Conference.
[UPSC CDS-II General Knowledge (14 September 2025)]
A. 2, 3, 1, 4
B. 3, 2, 4, 1
C. 3, 4, 2, 1
D. 2, 3, 4, 1
Answer: B. 3, 2, 4, 1
Explanation: The chronological sequence is Dandi March in 1930, Gandhi–Irwin Pact in March 1931, second London conference in late 1931, and Lahore Resolution in 1940. Different campaigns sometimes overlap in historical surveys, so the event years are essential for a reliable sequence.
