20. Which statement about the 1931 Karachi session of Congress is correct?
[SSC CGL (6 March 2020, Shift 2)]
A. Gandhi presided over it
B. It ratified the Gandhi–Irwin Pact
C. It adopted Quit India
D. It launched the Khilafat Movement
Answer: B. It ratified the Gandhi–Irwin Pact
Explanation: The Karachi session under Vallabhbhai Patel endorsed the March 1931 settlement and adopted resolutions on fundamental rights and economic policy. The truce did not concede complete independence, which remained the Congress’s wider political objective. The agreement was nevertheless criticized for leaving major demands unresolved.
19. Which order correctly places Champaran, Kheda, Rowlatt Satyagraha and Dandi March?
[SSC MTS (22 August 2019)]
A. Dandi, Rowlatt, Champaran, Kheda
B. Dandi, Champaran, Rowlatt, Kheda
C. Champaran, Kheda, Rowlatt, Dandi
D. Champaran, Kheda, Dandi, Rowlatt
Answer: C. Champaran, Kheda, Rowlatt, Dandi
Explanation: Their dates are 1917, 1918, 1919 and 1930, demonstrating Gandhi’s transition from localized campaigns to nationwide resistance. Different campaigns sometimes overlap in historical surveys, so the event years are essential for a reliable sequence. These dates connect constitutional developments with major phases of public mobilization.
18. In what year was the Poona Pact signed?
[SSC MTS (5 August 2019, Shift 2)]
A. 1923
B. 1933
C. 1922
D. 1932
Answer: D. 1932
Explanation: The pact was signed on 24 September 1932 during Gandhi’s fast and concerned representation of the Depressed Classes. The agreement was finalized in September 1932 after the British Communal Award became intensely contested. Its implications for political representation continued to attract debate.
17. Which was NOT a condition of the Gandhi–Irwin Pact?
[SSC CGL (6 June 2019)]
A. Withdrawal of a supposed special tax on khadi
B. Limited salt-making concessions
C. Congress suspension of civil disobedience
D. Congress participation in Round Table talks
Answer: A. Withdrawal of a supposed special tax on khadi
Explanation: The pact did not involve any special khadi tax removal. It addressed protest suspension, constitutional talks and certain limited concessions. The Salt Satyagraha had already brought international attention to the nationalist campaign before the agreement. It represented a negotiated pause rather than the achievement of independence.
16. Which was NOT among Gandhi’s demands connected with the negotiations with Irwin?
[RPSC Second Grade Teacher Social Science (17 February 2019)]
A. Restore confiscated property where possible
B. Remove curbs on Congress activity
C. Abolish the salt tax in full
D. Complete internal autonomy immediately
Answer: D. Complete internal autonomy immediately
Explanation: The 1931 agreement did not concede full internal autonomy. Gandhi’s wider constitutional aims went beyond the terms of this truce. Congress later ratified the pact at the Karachi session, presided over by Vallabhbhai Patel. The agreement was nevertheless criticized for leaving major demands unresolved.
15. At what place did Gandhi’s 1930 Salt March conclude?
[RPF Constable (16 February 2019)]
A. Dandi
B. Bombay
C. Wardha
D. Lahore
Answer: A. Dandi
Explanation: The march reached Dandi on Gujarat’s coast; Gandhi broke the colonial salt law there on 6 April 1930. The march began in March and the symbolic lawbreaking at Dandi occurred on 6 April 1930. It remains one of the clearest examples of symbolic nonviolent resistance.
14. Which 1932 announcement extended separate-electorate arrangements to several communities?
[RPF Constable (12 February 2019)]
A. Communal Award
B. Regulating Act
C. Indian Councils Act, 1909
D. Pitt’s India Act
Answer: A. Communal Award
Explanation: MacDonald’s Communal Award provided for communal representation and controversially proposed separate electorates for the Depressed Classes. Its main constitutional significance lies in the controversy over minority and Depressed Classes representation. Disagreements over these safeguards shaped constitutional politics during the 1930s.
13. Who led the civil-disobedience salt campaign in Tamil Nadu?
[RPF Constable (18 January 2019)]
A. C. Rajagopalachari
B. Motilal Nehru
C. M. A. Chidambaram
D. Sarojini Naidu
Answer: A. C. Rajagopalachari
Explanation: Rajagopalachari’s Vedaranyam March was the Madras Presidency’s counterpart to the Gujarat Salt March. Since salt was consumed by all communities, the protest linked national sovereignty with daily economic hardship. Regional leaders reproduced the method in other parts of the country.
12. In which province did Congress NOT form a ministry following the 1937 elections?
[DSSSB Primary Teacher (11 November 2018)]
A. Odisha
B. Madras
C. Bengal
D. Central Provinces
Answer: C. Bengal
Explanation: Congress headed ministries in Madras, Orissa and the Central Provinces but did not govern Bengal after the elections. Provincial autonomy permitted a measure of elected administration but governors retained substantial reserve powers. Regional political coalitions made provincial outcomes far from uniform.
11. Who led the Salt March of 1930?
[SSC CHSL (23 March 2018)]
A. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B. Mahatma Gandhi
C. Avantikabai Gokhale
D. Kasturba Gandhi
Answer: B. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi walked with selected volunteers from Sabarmati to Dandi to challenge the British Salt Act and mobilize civil disobedience. The initial march involved disciplined volunteers and later inspired demonstrations in several other Indian regions. It remains one of the clearest examples of symbolic nonviolent resistance.
