30. In which year was All India Kisan Sabha founded in Lucknow with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati as its president?
[SSC Selection Post, Matriculation, 14 March 2022, Shift 1]
- (A) 1942
- (B) 1930
- (C) 1936
- (D) 1932
Answer: (C) 1936
Explanation: The organisation came into being in 1936, consolidating provincial peasant organisations into a nationwide forum. Sahajanand Saraswati served as president and N. G. Ranga as general secretary. Its programmes drew attention to rural debt, oppressive rent and land-tenure issues.
29. Indigo cultivators launched a “non-cultivation of indigo” movement from which village?
[MPPSC Assistant Professor History, Paper II, 2022]
- (A) Govindpur
- (B) Champaran
- (C) Midnapur
- (D) Murshidabad
Answer: (A) Govindpur
Explanation: Govindpur in Nadia district is closely associated with early organised indigo non-cultivation protests. Peasants collectively refused to plant the crop under oppressive European contracts. The resistance formed part of the wider Indigo Revolt that swept Bengal in 1859–60.
28. The famous Kheda Satyagraha was launched to demand what?
[MPPSC Assistant Professor History, Paper II, 2022]
- (A) An end to the oppressive plantation system
- (B) Rights for cotton mill workers
- (C) Relaxation in tax payments after crop failure
- (D) None of these
Answer: (C) Relaxation in tax payments after crop failure
Explanation: Kheda Satyagraha in 1918 sought relief from land-revenue demands during a period of severe crop distress. Gandhi and other organisers encouraged peasants unable to pay to resist collections. It was separate from the Champaran indigo struggle and Ahmedabad textile dispute.
27. Which statements about the Eka Movement are correct? (i) Rents could exceed recorded rates by 50%. (ii) Baba Ramchandra was a principal leader. (iii) Symbolic religious rituals were used.
[Allahabad High Court Review Officer, 11 December 2021, Shift 1]
- (A) (i) only
- (B) (i) and (ii) only
- (C) (i) and (iii) only
- (D) (ii) and (iii) only
Answer: (C) (i) and (iii) only
Explanation: Eka protests in Awadh addressed inflated rent assessments and employed oath-taking or religious symbolism to unite peasants. Madari Pasi, rather than Baba Ramchandra, is particularly identified with the later phase. Therefore the first and third statements are accepted.
26. Consider: (i) The British response to the Indigo Revolt of 1859–60 was restrained. (ii) The Pabna agitation protested the Ryotwari system. Which is correct?
[Allahabad High Court Review Officer, 11 December 2021, Shift 1]
- (A) (i) only
- (B) (ii) only
- (C) Both (i) and (ii)
- (D) Neither (i) nor (ii)
Answer: (A) (i) only
Explanation: The question treats the colonial response to Indigo unrest as relatively restrained, especially in view of official inquiry. Pabna peasants, however, opposed rack-renting by zamindars in Bengal; their struggle did not arise from the Ryotwari revenue system.
25. In which region did Baba Ramchandra mainly lead the peasant struggle during colonial rule?
[SSC MTS, 14 October 2021, Shift 3 (2020 cycle)]
- (A) Awadh
- (B) Mysore
- (C) Jodhpur
- (D) Hyderabad
Answer: (A) Awadh
Explanation: Baba Ramchandra mobilised peasants in Awadh against talukdars and oppressive tenancy practices. Demands included reduced rents, abolition of forced labour and social boycott of abusive landlords. His role helped connect local agrarian grievances with the emerging nationalist movement.
24. The Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up in which year?
[SSC MTS, 7 October 2021, Shift 3 (2020 cycle)]
- (A) 1918
- (B) 1920
- (C) 1921
- (D) 1924
Answer: (B) 1920
Explanation: Oudh Kisan Sabha was formed in 1920 to address peasant grievances in Awadh, including excessive rents, begar and insecure tenancy. Baba Ramchandra, Jawaharlal Nehru and other activists helped mobilise cultivators. Its work preceded and overlapped with later rural protests.
23. Which statements about the Tebhaga movement are correct? I. It was organised by Kisan Sabha. II. It opposed landlords and moneylenders. III. Swami Sadananda led it.
[DSSSB TGT Social Studies, 1 October 2021, Shift 1]
- (A) II and III
- (B) I and III
- (C) I and II
- (D) Only I
Answer: (C) I and II
Explanation: Kisan Sabha organisers backed Bengal sharecroppers’ campaign for two-thirds of the harvest. The movement resisted rural exploitation connected to jotedars and oppressive agrarian relationships. Swami Sadananda was not its leader, so the first two statements hold.
22. Which movement-region pairs are correct? I. Moplah Rebellion—Malabar. II. Tebhaga Movement—Bengal.
[DSSSB TGT Social Science, 6 September 2021, Shift 1]
- (A) Both I and II
- (B) Only I
- (C) Only II
- (D) Neither I nor II
Answer: (A) Both I and II
Explanation: The Mappila or Moplah uprising developed in Malabar, in present-day Kerala, amid agrarian and political tensions. Tebhaga was a separate 1946–47 movement of Bengal sharecroppers seeking two-thirds of their produce. Both geographical pairings are therefore correct.
21. What was the “Eka Movement”?
[WBCS Prelims, 22 August 2021]
- (A) A religious movement
- (B) A peasant movement
- (C) A secret revolutionary movement
- (D) None of the above
Answer: (B) A peasant movement
Explanation: Eka means unity. The movement emerged around 1921 in Awadh, especially Hardoi, Sitapur and Bahraich, responding to excessive rents and landlord abuses. Madari Pasi became a prominent leader as peasants pledged collective action and solidarity against oppressive practices.
