40. Where was the first All-India Kisan Sabha formed?
[SSC CGL Tier I, 21 July 2023, Shift 4]
- (A) Lucknow
- (B) Lahore
- (C) Amritsar
- (D) Delhi
Answer: (A) Lucknow
Explanation: The first national Kisan Sabha was formed in Lucknow in 1936, bringing together existing regional peasant organisations. Its leaders included Swami Sahajanand Saraswati and N. G. Ranga. It supported tenant rights, reduced land revenue and opposition to zamindari exploitation.
39. Arrange the following peasant movements chronologically: A. Tebhaga; B. Champaran; C. Telangana; D. Naxalite.
[UGC NET Sociology, 17 June 2023, Shift 2]
- (A) A, C, D, B
- (B) B, A, C, D
- (C) C, D, B, A
- (D) D, B, A, C
Answer: (B) B, A, C, D
Explanation: Champaran’s satyagraha began in 1917; the Tebhaga campaign in Bengal followed in 1946–47. The Telangana armed agrarian struggle developed from 1946 and continued to 1951, while Naxalbari erupted in 1967. Therefore B–A–C–D is the expected sequence.
38. When was the Champaran Agrarian Law passed by the British Government?
[SSC MTS, 16 June 2023, Shift 2 (2022 cycle)]
- (A) 1918
- (B) 1919
- (C) 1917
- (D) 1916
Answer: (A) 1918
Explanation: The Champaran Agrarian Act was enacted in 1918 following Gandhi’s 1917 investigation and protest over oppressive indigo cultivation. It helped replace the tinkathia regime with improved arrangements for peasants and demonstrated that targeted agrarian legislation could follow sustained popular mobilisation.
37. During the Champaran Satyagraha, the cultivation of indigo was known as what?
[MPPSC State Service Prelims 2022, held 21 May 2023]
- (A) Tinkathia system
- (B) Ryotwari system
- (C) Slash-and-burn agriculture
- (D) Mahalwari system
Answer: (A) Tinkathia system
Explanation: Under tinkathia, Champaran tenants were obliged to cultivate indigo on three kathas out of each bigha, roughly three-twentieths of their land. Gandhi’s intervention in 1917 challenged this system, which favoured European planters and reduced cultivators’ freedom.
36. The Deccan Riots of 1875 took place in which present-day state?
[SSC MTS, 17 May 2023, Shift 1 (2022 cycle)]
- (A) Himachal Pradesh
- (B) Bihar
- (C) West Bengal
- (D) Maharashtra
Answer: (D) Maharashtra
Explanation: The Deccan Riots broke out in the Bombay Presidency’s Pune–Ahmednagar countryside, within modern Maharashtra. Farmers burdened by debt attacked moneylenders and destroyed account books. These disturbances prompted an inquiry and later the Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act of 1879.
35. When did the Indigo Revolt, a peasant movement, start in India?
[SSC CHSL Tier I, 21 March 2023, Shift 1 (2022 cycle)]
- (A) 1857
- (B) 1861
- (C) 1859
- (D) 1889
Answer: (C) 1859
Explanation: The Bengal Indigo Revolt erupted in 1859 when cultivators opposed forced plantation contracts and inadequate payments. Refusal to sow indigo spread through several districts, accompanied by wider public criticism. The rebellion preceded the establishment of the government’s Indigo Commission in 1860.
34. Identify the movement: In September 1946, Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha demanded a two-thirds crop share for bargadars instead of one-half.
[CRPF Head Constable Ministerial, 26 February 2023, Shift 2]
- (A) Mappila Movement
- (B) Bardoli Satyagraha
- (C) Eka Movement
- (D) Tebhaga Movement
Answer: (D) Tebhaga Movement
Explanation: The Tebhaga movement arose in Bengal in 1946. Bargadars, also called adhiars or bhagchasis, demanded that two-thirds of the produce remain with the cultivators. The demand reflected recommendations of the Bengal Land Revenue Commission, commonly called the Floud Commission.
33. In 1928, Vallabhbhai Patel led the peasant movement in which Gujarat taluka against enhanced land revenue?
[RRB Group D, 6 September 2022, Shift 1]
- (A) Bardoli
- (B) Palsana
- (C) Chorasi
- (D) Kamrej
Answer: (A) Bardoli
Explanation: Bardoli was the Gujarat taluka where farmers challenged higher revenue assessments under Patel’s leadership. Villages organised a disciplined refusal to pay, and women participated actively in the campaign. The government eventually granted concessions, making the movement an influential rural satyagraha.
32. Who among the following led the famous Indigo Revolt in Bengal?
[SSC MTS, 20 July 2022, Shift 2]
- (A) Mahatma Gandhi
- (B) Bishnu Charan Biswas and Digambar Biswas
- (C) Vasudev Balwant Phadke
- (D) Madari Pasi
Answer: (B) Bishnu Charan Biswas and Digambar Biswas
Explanation: Bishnucharan Biswas and Digambar Biswas were important organisers of resistance in Bengal’s Nadia district. They challenged European planters’ coercive indigo agreements. Their leadership symbolised a wider peasant refusal to accept low prices and compelled crop choices in 1859–60.
31. From which district did the 1875 Deccan peasant revolt against moneylenders and grain traders begin?
[SSC Selection Post, Higher Secondary, 16 March 2022, Shift 3]
- (A) Poona
- (B) Nashik
- (C) Ratnagiri
- (D) Ahmednagar
Answer: (A) Poona
Explanation: The Deccan disturbances began around Supa village in Poona district, later spreading into Ahmednagar and nearby areas. Farmers attacked moneylenders’ records because heavy debt and interest had become intolerable. The unrest eventually prompted a government commission examining rural indebtedness.
