60. Put these movements in order from earliest to latest: 1. Chipko Movement; 2. Bardoli Satyagraha; 3. Satyashodhak Samaj.
[UPSC CDS-II, General Knowledge, 14 September 2025]
- (A) 2, 1, 3
- (B) 3, 1, 2
- (C) 3, 2, 1
- (D) 1, 2, 3
Answer: (C) 3, 2, 1
Explanation: Jyotirao Phule founded Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873. Bardoli’s peasant satyagraha occurred in 1928 under Vallabhbhai Patel. The Chipko environmental movement gained prominence in the 1970s. Therefore the earliest-to-latest sequence is Satyashodhak Samaj, Bardoli and Chipko.
59. Identify the correct statement about Neel Bidroha or the Indigo Revolt.
[DSSSB TGT Natural Science, 7 September 2025, Shift 2]
- (A) Indigo was being cultivated in Bihar since the end of the eighteenth century
- (B) Neel Bidroha started in 1861
- (C) Under Ryoti cultivation, the planter produced indigo on land he directly controlled
- (D) Indigo cultivation was practiced mainly in two forms, Nij-abad and Ryoti
Answer: (D) Indigo cultivation was practiced mainly in two forms, Nij-abad and Ryoti
Explanation: Colonial indigo production used two main systems: nij cultivation on land managed directly by planters and ryoti cultivation under contracts with peasant cultivators. The 1859–60 rebellion challenged the coercion, inadequate returns and advances associated especially with the ryoti system.
58. Which pair of leaders organised the Kisan Sabha in Munger in 1922?
[BPSC District Statistical Officer, 3 August 2025]
- (A) Mohammad Zubair and Rajendra Prasad
- (B) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati and Mohammad Zubair
- (C) Shri Krishna Singh and Mohammad Zubair
- (D) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati and Shri Krishna Singh
Answer: (C) Shri Krishna Singh and Mohammad Zubair
Explanation: Shri Krishna Singh and Mohammad Zubair helped organise peasants in Munger in 1922. Such provincial efforts preceded the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha of 1929 and later the all-India organisation, demonstrating a gradual expansion from local agrarian grievances to wider mobilisation.
57. Which leader led the Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 against increased land taxes?
[RRB NTPC (Graduate), CBT-I, 20 June 2025, Shift 3]
- (A) Mahatma Gandhi
- (B) Vallabhbhai Patel
- (C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- (D) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: (B) Vallabhbhai Patel
Explanation: The Bombay Presidency raised land revenue in Bardoli despite farmers’ economic difficulties. Vallabhbhai Patel coordinated their peaceful refusal to pay. After negotiations and inquiry, the authorities reduced the disputed demand and returned confiscated property, making Bardoli an important peasant victory.
56. Who led the Barasat Rebellion against British indigo planters?
[RRB NTPC (Graduate), CBT-I, 11 June 2025, Shift 3]
- (A) Dudu Miyan
- (B) Sidhu Murmu
- (C) Haji Shariatullah
- (D) Titu Mir
Answer: (D) Titu Mir
Explanation: Titu Mir, also known as Syed Mir Nisar Ali, mobilised cultivators and artisans near Barasat in Bengal against oppressive local interests and colonial power. His uprising culminated in 1831, when British troops destroyed his celebrated bamboo fort at Narkelberia.
55. The Bardoli Movement of 1928 was primarily launched to protest against what?
[MPPSC Assistant Professor Sociology, Paper II, 1 June 2025]
- (A) Conversion of farmlands into tea plantations
- (B) Land revenue hikes during famine
- (C) Indigo cultivation under the tinkathia system
- (D) Unjust taxation of farmers
Answer: (D) Unjust taxation of farmers
Explanation: Bardoli’s core grievance was an enhanced assessment of land revenue considered unjust by local cultivators. Farmers organised under Patel and withheld payment. The movement demonstrated the effectiveness of non-violent peasant solidarity and compelled the government to reconsider its demand.
54. What was the primary reason for the Champaran Movement of 1917?
[MPPSC Assistant Professor Sociology, Paper II, 1 June 2025]
- (A) Forced cultivation of indigo
- (B) Government indifference after crop failure caused by famine
- (C) The Hali system of medieval serfdom
- (D) Imposition of salt tax
Answer: (A) Forced cultivation of indigo
Explanation: European planters compelled Champaran peasants to cultivate indigo under oppressive contracts, particularly the tinkathia arrangement. Gandhi’s 1917 inquiry and satyagraha confronted this exploitation. The campaign helped establish non-violent mass politics around concrete rural economic grievances.
53. Who led the Bardoli Satyagraha Movement?
[BSSC Group D, 11 May 2025]
- (A) Ram Mohan Roy
- (B) Jayaprakash Narayan
- (C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
- (D) Vallabhbhai Patel
Answer: (D) Vallabhbhai Patel
Explanation: Vallabhbhai Patel gave organisational direction to the 1928 Bardoli agrarian campaign in Gujarat. The protest contested additional revenue demands during hardship. Through disciplined tax refusal and negotiations, farmers obtained significant concessions and Patel won national recognition as Sardar.
52. When did the Bardoli Satyagraha begin?
[Gujarat Police SI, Paper I, 13 April 2025]
- (A) AD 1919
- (B) AD 1928
- (C) AD 1930
- (D) AD 1942
Answer: (B) AD 1928
Explanation: The Bardoli Satyagraha dates to 1928. Farmers in Gujarat challenged a higher revenue assessment and sought guidance from Vallabhbhai Patel. The campaign differed from the Salt March of 1930 and became a model of peaceful agrarian resistance.
51. The Indigo Rebellion took place in _____ during 1859–1860.
[RRB JE CBT-I, 18 December 2024, Shift 3]
- (A) Punjab
- (B) Madras
- (C) Bombay
- (D) Bengal
Answer: (D) Bengal
Explanation: Bengal was the centre of the 1859–60 indigo cultivators’ protest. European planters imposed disadvantageous contracts and advances on ryots. Collective refusals to plant indigo brought the issue national attention and led to official examination of the system.
