150. Which dam is constructed across the Sutlej River?
[SSC GD Constable (7 May, Shift 1), 2026]
(A) Bhakra Dam
(B) Nagarjuna Sagar
(C) Hirakud Dam
(D) Tehri Dam
Answer: (A) Bhakra Dam
Explanation: Bhakra Dam is the principal structure of the Bhakra–Nangal system on the Sutlej in Himachal Pradesh. Its Gobind Sagar reservoir stores water for irrigation, while the associated powerhouses produce hydroelectricity for northwestern India.
149. Which is the highest dam in India?
[SSC GD Constable (8 May, Shift 2), 2026]
(A) Bhakra–Nangal
(B) Hirakud
(C) Tehri
(D) Sardar Sarovar
Answer: (C) Tehri
Explanation: Tehri rises approximately 260.5 metres above its foundation on the Bhagirathi in Uttarakhand. Unlike Hirakud, which is associated with overall dam length, Tehri holds the distinction for height and supports hydropower and water supply.
148. Which project transformed the flood-prone ‘Sorrow of Bengal’ river basin through multipurpose development?
[DSSSB Assistant Superintendent (3 July, Shift 1), 2026]
(A) Bhakra–Nangal
(B) Narmada Valley
(C) Nagarjuna Sagar
(D) Damodar Valley
Answer: (D) Damodar Valley
Explanation: The Damodar River was historically called the Sorrow of Bengal because of devastating floods. The Damodar Valley Corporation coordinated storage, power production, irrigation and flood moderation across what are now Jharkhand and West Bengal.
147. Which listed water-resource project is on the Krishna River?
[DSSSB Assistant Superintendent (12 July, Shift 3), 2026]
(A) Tehri
(B) Mettur
(C) Nagarjuna Sagar
(D) Gandak
Answer: (C) Nagarjuna Sagar
Explanation: Nagarjuna Sagar spans the Krishna near the Telangana–Andhra Pradesh boundary. It supplies irrigation through a major canal network and supports hydroelectric generation. The other options relate to the Bhagirathi, Cauvery and Gandak rivers respectively.
146. The Damodar Valley Corporation was established primarily for which purpose?
[SSC GD Constable (27 May, Shift 1), 2026]
(A) Trade promotion
(B) Steel manufacturing
(C) Multipurpose river-basin development
(D) Rural credit
Answer: (C) Multipurpose river-basin development
Explanation: Created in 1948, the DVC coordinates flood control, irrigation, electricity generation and industrial water supply in the Damodar basin. Its institutional model was influenced by the Tennessee Valley Authority, rather than a banking or trade agency.
145. Which river is associated with the Sardar Sarovar multipurpose dam?
[DSSSB Assistant Superintendent (3 July, Shift 2), 2026]
(A) Tapi
(B) Narmada
(C) Krishna
(D) Godavari
Answer: (B) Narmada
Explanation: Sardar Sarovar stands across the Narmada in Gujarat and is a major component of the Narmada Valley development programme. The project serves irrigation and drinking-water needs while producing hydropower for beneficiary states.
144. On which river is the Tehri Hydropower Complex built?
[DSSSB Court Attendant (12 June, Shift 2), 2026]
(A) Alaknanda
(B) Kosi
(C) Bhagirathi
(D) Kali
Answer: (C) Bhagirathi
Explanation: The principal Tehri Dam blocks the Bhagirathi near Tehri Garhwal, upstream of its meeting with the Alaknanda at Devprayag. The reservoir supports a large hydropower complex together with municipal water supply and irrigation.
143. Which of these is identified in the paper as India’s largest multipurpose river-valley project?
[RRB NTPC UG (18 June, Shift 2), 2026]
(A) Damodar Valley
(B) Bhakra–Nangal
(C) Sardar Sarovar
(D) Hirakud
Answer: (B) Bhakra–Nangal
Explanation: Bhakra–Nangal is a vast integrated irrigation-and-hydroelectric system on the Sutlej. Water delivered to Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan helped expand irrigated agriculture, while the Bhakra and Nangal works regulate river flow.
142. Sardar Sarovar Dam is built on which river?
[MP Police Sub-Inspector (18 January, Shift 2), 2026]
(A) Godavari
(B) Mahi
(C) Narmada
(D) Tapi
Answer: (C) Narmada
Explanation: The project lies on the west-flowing Narmada near Kevadia in Gujarat. Beyond generating electricity, it stores and distributes water through extensive canals, especially for drought-prone districts of western India.
141. Hirakud, among India’s longest dam systems, is across which river?
[MP Police Sub-Inspector (17 January, Shift 2), 2026]
(A) Cauvery
(B) Krishna
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Godavari
Answer: (C) Mahanadi
Explanation: Hirakud is situated near Sambalpur in Odisha on the Mahanadi. The main dam together with its dykes stretches roughly 25.8 kilometres and was planned principally for flood moderation, irrigation and power generation.
140. Which dam–river pairing in Odisha is correctly matched?
[OSSSC Forest Guard (30 April, Shift 1), 2026]
(A) Indravati–Krishna
(B) Balimela–Narmada
(C) Hirakud–Mahanadi
(D) Rengali–Godavari
Answer: (C) Hirakud–Mahanadi
Explanation: Hirakud is on the Mahanadi in western Odisha. Indravati lies on the Indravati system, Balimela on the Sileru and Rengali on the Brahmani, so the other pairings attach projects to incorrect rivers.
139. Across which river is Odisha’s Hirakud Dam built?
[OSSSC Forest Guard (24 April, Shift 1), 2026]
(A) Subarnarekha
(B) Baitarani
(C) Brahmani
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (D) Mahanadi
Explanation: Hirakud crosses the Mahanadi just upstream of Sambalpur. Its storage assists flood management in the lower basin and provides water for agriculture and power production, making it a prominent post-independence multipurpose work.
138. Which is NOT a major hydroelectric power project?
[DSSSB MTS (28 July, Shift 2), 2026]
(A) Barauni
(B) Bhakra–Nangal
(C) Sardar Sarovar
(D) Tehri
Answer: (A) Barauni
Explanation: Barauni is associated with a coal-based thermal power station in Bihar rather than a hydroelectric dam. By contrast, Bhakra–Nangal, Sardar Sarovar and Tehri all use water stored or regulated by major river projects.
137. Which is NOT a normal objective of multipurpose river-valley projects?
[DSSSB Assistant Superintendent (12 July, Shift 3), 2026]
(A) Flood control
(B) Irrigation
(C) Inland navigation
(D) Nuclear power generation
Answer: (D) Nuclear power generation
Explanation: River-valley schemes use river storage and regulation for several compatible objectives, including irrigation, flood moderation, navigation where feasible and hydropower. Nuclear electricity requires a nuclear reactor; it is not generated directly from a dam’s water head.
136. Which Chambal structures are located in Rajasthan:
Rana Pratap Sagar,
Kota Barrage,
Jawahar Sagar and
Gandhi Sagar?
[RSMSSB Forester (28 June), 2026]
(A) First three only
(B) First, second and fourth
(C) Second and third only
(D) First and second only
Answer: (A) First three only
Explanation: Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar and Kota Barrage belong to the Rajasthan portion of the Chambal development system. Gandhi Sagar, the upstream major storage dam, is located in Madhya Pradesh.
135. Which hydroelectric project among the options is situated in Madhya Pradesh?
[DSSSB MTS (6 March, Shift 1), 2026]
(A) Indira Sagar
(B) Idukki
(C) Bhakra–Nangal
(D) Rihand
Answer: (A) Indira Sagar
Explanation: Indira Sagar lies on the Narmada in Madhya Pradesh, near Khandwa. Idukki is in Kerala, Bhakra–Nangal belongs to the Sutlej system in the northwest, and Rihand is in Uttar Pradesh.
134. Which is identified in the exam as the largest completed hydropower project of India?
[DSSSB Assistant Superintendent (2 July, Shift 1), 2026]
(A) Sardar Sarovar
(B) Bhakra–Nangal
(C) Tehri Complex
(D) Koyna Hydroelectric Project
Answer: (D) Koyna Hydroelectric Project
Explanation: The Koyna Hydroelectric Project in Maharashtra is an extensive multi-stage installation using water from the Koyna basin. Its large aggregate generating capacity makes it prominent among completed conventional hydropower schemes.
133. Match Hirakud, Nagarjuna Sagar, Bhakra–Nangal and Mettur with their rivers.
[DSSSB MTS (28 July, Shift 1), 2026]
(A) Mahanadi, Krishna, Sutlej, Cauvery
(B) Cauvery, Sutlej, Mahanadi, Krishna
(C) Cauvery, Krishna, Sutlej, Mahanadi
(D) Mahanadi, Sutlej, Krishna, Cauvery
Answer: (A) Mahanadi, Krishna, Sutlej, Cauvery
Explanation: Hirakud is built on the Mahanadi; Nagarjuna Sagar on the Krishna; Bhakra–Nangal on the Sutlej; and Mettur on the Cauvery. These four associations cover important river basins across eastern, southern and northern India.
132. Gandhi Sagar Dam has been constructed across which river?
[SECL Assistant Foreman (2 July, Shift 3), 2026]
(A) Narmada
(B) Son
(C) Sabarmati
(D) Chambal
Answer: (D) Chambal
Explanation: Gandhi Sagar is an upstream component of the Chambal Valley Project and lies in Madhya Pradesh. Together with downstream dams and the Kota Barrage, it supports hydropower production and irrigation development in the Chambal basin.
131. Which statement characterises the Mahanadi river system of Odisha?
[OSSSC Forest Guard (17 April, Shift 3), 2026]
(A) It hosts Hirakud and drains into the Bay of Bengal
(B) It flows into the Arabian Sea
(C) It is Odisha’s shortest river
(D) It rises on the Chota Nagpur Plateau
Answer: (A) It hosts Hirakud and drains into the Bay of Bengal
Explanation: The Mahanadi travels from Chhattisgarh through Odisha and empties into the Bay of Bengal. The Hirakud multipurpose project, located near Sambalpur, is a defining feature of its upper Odisha basin.
130. What did Jawaharlal Nehru describe as the ‘temples of modern India’?
[RRB NTPC Graduate (19 March, Shift 1), 2026]
(A) Hospitals
(B) Dams
(C) Schools
(D) Parliament
Answer: (B) Dams
Explanation: Nehru used the phrase to convey the national importance of major development works such as multipurpose dams. They symbolised investment in irrigation, electricity, flood control and industrial growth during the early decades after independence.
129. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is built across which river?
[RRB NTPC UG (16 June, Shift 2), 2026]
(A) Krishna
(B) Godavari
(C) Tungabhadra
(D) Bhima
Answer: (A) Krishna
Explanation: The Nagarjuna Sagar dam stands on the Krishna at the Telangana–Andhra Pradesh boundary. It is a major masonry structure and feeds irrigation canals that serve agricultural districts in both states.
128. Which listed hydroelectric project is on the Periyar River?
[DSSSB MTS (2 March, Shift 3), 2026]
(A) Sardar Sarovar
(B) Tehri
(C) Koyna
(D) Idukki
Answer: (D) Idukki
Explanation: Idukki’s celebrated arch dam is part of a hydroelectric system in Kerala on the Periyar. The dam is positioned between steep hills and forms part of a connected reservoir-and-powerhouse complex.
127. Which hydroelectric project is NOT on the Sutlej River?
[DSSSB MTS (6 March, Shift 2), 2026]
(A) Karcham Wangtoo
(B) Bhakra–Nangal
(C) Nagarjuna Sagar
(D) Nathpa Jhakri
Answer: (C) Nagarjuna Sagar
Explanation: Nagarjuna Sagar is on the Krishna in southern India. Karcham Wangtoo, Bhakra–Nangal and Nathpa Jhakri are projects of the Sutlej river system in Himachal Pradesh and adjoining northern regions.
126. Why do hydropower dams reduce direct dependence on fossil-fuel generation?
[DSSSB Assistant Superintendent (3 July, Shift 1), 2026]
(A) They involve no construction
(B) They eliminate every environmental impact
(C) They produce electricity using moving water
(D) They use imported crude oil
Answer: (C) They produce electricity using moving water
Explanation: Hydropower turbines convert the energy of water flow into electricity without burning coal or oil during generation. Nevertheless, large dams can alter river habitats, trap sediment and displace residents, so ‘cleaner’ does not mean impact-free.
125. Which is a multipurpose river-valley project?
[RRB NTPC UG (14 August, Shift 3), 2025]
(A) Damodar Valley Project
(B) Sharda Canal
(C) Agra Canal
(D) Indira Gandhi Canal
Answer: (A) Damodar Valley Project
Explanation: Damodar Valley is an integrated regional programme for flood management, irrigation and power production. The other choices are primarily canal systems rather than a corporation administering several connected river-basin functions.
124. Which Indian project was modelled on the US Tennessee Valley Authority?
[RRB NTPC UG (20 August, Shift 3), 2025]
(A) Damodar Valley
(B) Nagarjuna Sagar
(C) Bhakra–Nangal
(D) Tehri
Answer: (A) Damodar Valley
Explanation: The Damodar Valley Corporation, established in 1948, drew on the Tennessee Valley Authority’s river-basin development approach. The aim was to coordinate dams, power stations, flood moderation and irrigation instead of treating each need separately.
123. Which river supplies the Hirakud Dam?
[SSC Stenographer (8 August, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Krishna
(C) Cauvery
(D) Narmada
Answer: (A) Mahanadi
Explanation: The reservoir behind Hirakud stores water of the Mahanadi near Sambalpur in Odisha. The project provides irrigation and hydropower and helps moderate floods farther downstream during high monsoon discharge.
122. The multipurpose Hirakud scheme for irrigation, power and flood control is built across which river?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I (22 November, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) Periyar
(B) Krishna
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Indus
Answer: (C) Mahanadi
Explanation: Hirakud regulates the Mahanadi in Odisha. It was developed to combine water storage for irrigation, power generation and flood mitigation, distinguishing it from single-purpose structures designed only for electricity or canal diversion.
121. What major multipurpose project began in Odisha following independence?
[OSSSC CRE Prelims (16 October, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) Hirakud Dam Project
(B) Arikul Project
(C) Baghua Project
(D) Karada Project
Answer: (A) Hirakud Dam Project
Explanation: The Hirakud undertaking on the Mahanadi was among the earliest major multipurpose works started after independence. Its works near Sambalpur were designed to reduce downstream flood losses and improve water availability and electricity supply.
120. Pochampad Dam is another name for which irrigation project?
[RRB NTPC UG (28 August, Shift 2), 2025]
(A) Hirakud
(B) Sri Rama Sagar
(C) Bhakra–Nangal
(D) Nagarjuna Sagar
Answer: (B) Sri Rama Sagar
Explanation: Pochampad or Sri Rama Sagar is located on the Godavari in Telangana. The reservoir is an important source of irrigation water for the northern Telangana districts and supports regional water management.
119. Which pair of river valleys has major hydropower potential in Madhya Pradesh?
[MP Police Constable (4 December, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) Kali Sindh and Tawa
(B) Tapi and Shipra
(C) Betwa and Son
(D) Narmada and Chambal
Answer: (D) Narmada and Chambal
Explanation: The Narmada and Chambal are major water-resource basins used for hydropower development in Madhya Pradesh. The Narmada system includes Indira Sagar and Omkareshwar, whereas Gandhi Sagar is part of the Chambal cascade.
118. What is the stated length of Omkareshwar Dam in Madhya Pradesh?
[MP Police Constable (13 December, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) 800 metres
(B) 514 metres
(C) 949 metres
(D) 653 metres
Answer: (C) 949 metres
Explanation: Omkareshwar Dam extends approximately 949 metres across the Narmada in Khandwa district. The project forms part of the state’s Narmada Valley development system, combining hydroelectric production with irrigation benefits.
117. What are the principal uses of Tigra Dam in Madhya Pradesh?
[MP Police Constable (12 December, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) Flood control alone
(B) Freshwater supply and irrigation
(C) Hydropower alone
(D) Industrial use alone
Answer: (B) Freshwater supply and irrigation
Explanation: Tigra Dam stands on the Sank River near Gwalior and supplies freshwater to the city. Water storage also helps the surrounding agricultural area, making municipal supply and irrigation its most important functions.
116. Approximately how long is the Tawa Reservoir Dam?
[MP Police Constable (6 November, Shift 2), 2025]
(A) 514 metres
(B) 1,815 metres
(C) 653 metres
(D) 1,020 metres
Answer: (B) 1,815 metres
Explanation: Tawa Dam extends around 1,815 metres on the Tawa River, a tributary of the Narmada. The reservoir is an important irrigation resource in the Narmadapuram region of Madhya Pradesh.
115. In which year was the Tawa Reservoir Dam opened according to the examination?
[MP Police Constable (18 November, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) 1974
(B) 2006
(C) 1992
(D) 1960
Answer: (A) 1974
Explanation: The examination records 1974 for the opening of the Tawa structure in Madhya Pradesh. The river is a tributary of the Narmada, and the dam supports irrigation in the Narmadapuram and Harda areas.
114. Shivsagar reservoir and the associated dam are on which river?
[Bombay High Court Clerk (10 August), 2025]
(A) Krishna
(B) Koyna
(C) Godavari
(D) Bhima
Answer: (B) Koyna
Explanation: Shivsagar is the reservoir behind Koyna Dam in the Satara district of Maharashtra. Koyna is a tributary of the Krishna and supports one of the country’s major hydroelectric generation schemes.
113. Which movement led by Medha Patkar protested large dams on the Narmada?
[SSC Selection Post (24 July, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) Save Ganga Movement
(B) Chipko Movement
(C) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(D) Project Tiger
Answer: (C) Narmada Bachao Andolan
Explanation: Narmada Bachao Andolan challenged the social and ecological consequences of major Narmada basin dams, particularly Sardar Sarovar. Rehabilitation of displaced families, submergence of land and environmental impacts became central issues.
112. Which state hosts a large floating-solar programme associated with the Omkareshwar reservoir?
[SSC Selection Post (24 July, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Andhra Pradesh
(C) Madhya Pradesh
(D) Gujarat
Answer: (C) Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: The floating solar initiative is associated with the Omkareshwar reservoir in Madhya Pradesh. Omkareshwar itself is a hydropower and irrigation dam on the Narmada, illustrating the combination of existing water infrastructure with renewable-energy development.
111. A proposed bridge over the Hirakud Reservoir would link which Odisha localities?
[OSSSC CRE Prelims (31 October, Shift 3), 2025]
(A) Puri and Konark
(B) Lakhanpur and Ambabhona
(C) Rourkela and Sambalpur
(D) Cuttack and Bhubaneswar
Answer: (B) Lakhanpur and Ambabhona
Explanation: The proposed Hirakud reservoir bridge links Lakhanpur and Ambabhona. Hirakud is an extensive water body behind the Mahanadi dam, so crossings can substantially shorten journeys between settlements on opposite sides.
110. The proposed Pipalapanka dam raised concerns about which Odisha river?
[DSSSB TGT Social Science (8 November, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Brahmani
(C) Rushikulya
(D) Subarnarekha
Answer: (C) Rushikulya
Explanation: Pipalapanka has been discussed in relation to the Rushikulya basin in Odisha. Proposed water-development works there have prompted concerns about river ecology and local livelihoods, reflecting the need to assess environmental effects before construction.
109. Which statements about Chenab dams are correct:
Salal, Aalal and Baglihar lie on Chenab;
Baglihar is taller than Salal;
The given operators of Salal and Baglihar are reversed
[UPSC CDS-II (14 September), 2025]
(A) Statements 1 and 2 only
(B) Statements 2 and 3 only
(C) Statement 2 only
(D) Statement 3 only
Answer: (A) Statements 1 and 2 only
Explanation: Salal, Aalal and Baglihar are associated with the Chenab system, and Baglihar is the taller structure. The third statement incorrectly identifies their operating agencies, so only the first two statements stand.
108. What is the artificial water body formed when a river is impounded behind a dam?
[SSC GD Constable (5 February, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) Lagoon
(B) Estuary
(C) Oxbow lake
(D) Reservoir
Answer: (D) Reservoir
Explanation: A reservoir forms when a dam stores a river’s water. Multipurpose storage reservoirs supply irrigation and drinking water, create a useful head for hydropower and may reserve space for floodwater during heavy rain.
107. What is the principal function of a small check dam?
[SSC JE Civil (5 December, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) Store drinking water exclusively
(B) Filter sewage
(C) Slow runoff and encourage groundwater recharge
(D) Measure precipitation
Answer: (C) Slow runoff and encourage groundwater recharge
Explanation: A check dam reduces the velocity of water flowing through small drainage channels. By holding runoff briefly, it can limit erosion, trap sediment and improve infiltration into the surrounding ground.
106. Tilaiya Dam is constructed across which river?
[Bihar Police Constable (23 July), 2025]
(A) Barakar
(B) Kolar
(C) Bokaro
(D) Koyna
Answer: (A) Barakar
Explanation: Tilaiya is built on the Barakar River in Jharkhand. It was the first multipurpose dam completed under the Damodar Valley Corporation framework and is intended for flood moderation, irrigation and electricity generation.
105. Which river does the Sardar Sarovar Dam span?
[RPF Constable 2024 recruitment (18 March 2025, Shift 1), 2025]
(A) Tapi
(B) Krishna
(C) Narmada
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (C) Narmada
Explanation: The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a major structure on the Narmada in Gujarat. Water from its reservoir is distributed through canals for irrigation and drinking-water schemes, and the project also produces hydropower.
104. Bhakra Dam is constructed on which river?
[SSC MTS (14 October, Shift 2), 2024]
(A) Sutlej
(B) Chenab
(C) Ravi
(D) Beas
Answer: (A) Sutlej
Explanation: The Bhakra Dam stands across the Sutlej in Himachal Pradesh. Its reservoir, Gobind Sagar, supplies water for irrigation and hydropower through the wider Bhakra–Nangal system serving northwest India.
103. What is the principal use of Salal Dam on the Chenab?
[SSC MTS (14 October, Shift 1), 2024]
(A) Hydroelectricity
(B) Drinking water only
(C) Canal irrigation only
(D) Navigation only
Answer: (A) Hydroelectricity
Explanation: Salal is a major hydroelectric installation on the Chenab in the Jammu region. River flow is channelled through turbines for power generation, making electricity the principal purpose of this particular project.
102. Which listed project is NOT a hydroelectric power plant?
[SSC MTS (28 October, Shift 1), 2024]
(A) Bhakra–Nangal
(B) Damodar Valley
(C) Sambhar Lake Hydel Project
(D) Kopili
Answer: (C) Sambhar Lake Hydel Project
Explanation: Sambhar Lake is a saline lake in Rajasthan known for salt production, not a hydroelectric installation. The other options refer to recognised water-based power schemes that harness river flow.
101. Somasila Dam is constructed on which river?
[SSC CHSL (2 July, Shift 1), 2024]
(A) Sabarmati
(B) Tapi
(C) Krishna
(D) Pennar
Answer: (D) Pennar
Explanation: Somasila is a water-storage and irrigation project on the Pennar in Andhra Pradesh. The reservoir is particularly significant for irrigated agriculture and water supply in the Nellore region.
100. In which Himachal Pradesh district is Baira Siul Dam?
[SSC CPO (28 June, Shift 1), 2024]
(A) Kinnaur
(B) Mandi
(C) Bilaspur
(D) Chamba
Answer: (D) Chamba
Explanation: The Baira Siul hydropower project lies in Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh, within the Ravi river basin. Its generating works were an early major undertaking of the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation.
99. Match Hirakud, Nagarjuna Sagar, Sardar Sarovar, Tehri and Rana Pratap Sagar with their rivers.
[SSC CPO (27 June, Shift 1), 2024]
(A) Mahanadi, Krishna, Narmada, Bhagirathi, Chambal
(B) Krishna, Mahanadi, Narmada, Bhagirathi, Chambal
(C) Mahanadi, Krishna, Chambal, Bhagirathi, Narmada
(D) Mahanadi, Godavari, Narmada, Krishna, Chambal
Answer: (A) Mahanadi, Krishna, Narmada, Bhagirathi, Chambal
Explanation: The five dams represent distinct basins: Hirakud–Mahanadi, Nagarjuna Sagar–Krishna, Sardar Sarovar–Narmada, Tehri–Bhagirathi and Rana Pratap Sagar–Chambal. River–dam matching is essential for identifying the geography of major projects.
98. Which dam does NOT lie in Uttarakhand?
[RPF Sub-Inspector (9 December, Shift 1), 2024]
(A) Ramganga
(B) Lakhwar
(C) Tehri
(D) Nagi
Answer: (D) Nagi
Explanation: Nagi Dam is situated in Bihar, whereas Ramganga, Lakhwar and Tehri are in Uttarakhand. The latter are associated with river systems draining the Himalayan region, including the Ramganga, Yamuna and Bhagirathi.
97. Which dam–state pair is incorrect?
[RPF Sub-Inspector (13 December, Shift 1), 2024]
(A) Indira Sagar–Rajasthan
(B) Karjan–Gujarat
(C) Pong–Himachal Pradesh
(D) Koyna–Maharashtra
Answer: (A) Indira Sagar–Rajasthan
Explanation: Indira Sagar is a Narmada Valley project in Madhya Pradesh, not Rajasthan. Karjan lies in Gujarat, Pong on the Beas in Himachal Pradesh, and Koyna in Maharashtra.
96. Which dam–river combinations are correct: Ujani–Bhima, Srisailam–Krishna, Ukai–Tapi and Somasila–Pennar?
[Maharashtra Police Driver Constable (14 July), 2024]
(A) Only the first
(B) Second and fourth only
(C) First, third and fourth
(D) All four
Answer: (D) All four
Explanation: All four associations are correct. Ujani serves the Bhima basin, Srisailam the Krishna, Ukai the Tapi, and Somasila the Pennar. Together they illustrate water development across central and southern India.
95. Across which river does Hirakud Dam stand?
[Maharashtra Police Constable Mumbai (7 July), 2024]
(A) Godavari
(B) Sutlej
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Krishna
Answer: (C) Mahanadi
Explanation: The Hirakud project crosses the Mahanadi in Odisha. Its dykes and main structure together form a notably long dam system, which assists irrigation, flood management and hydroelectric power generation.
94. Tehri Dam is located in which Indian state?
[MPTET Varg 3 (12 November, Shift 1), 2024]
(A) Himachal Pradesh
(B) Punjab
(C) Uttar Pradesh
(D) Uttarakhand
Answer: (D) Uttarakhand
Explanation: Tehri Dam is in Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, built on the Bhagirathi. The large reservoir supports hydroelectricity and provides water to downstream demand centres.
93. The Koyna Dam is situated in which state?
[MPTET Varg 3 (12 November, Shift 1), 2024]
(A) West Bengal
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Punjab
Answer: (B) Maharashtra
Explanation: Koyna Dam is in Satara district, Maharashtra, on the Koyna River. Its reservoir feeds a major hydropower scheme and supports water regulation in the Western Ghats region.
92. On which river was Hirakud Dam built?
[OSSSC Forest Guard (1 May, Shift 2), 2024]
(A) Godavari
(B) Cauvery
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Krishna
Answer: (C) Mahanadi
Explanation: Hirakud is a principal multipurpose development on the Mahanadi near Sambalpur. Its reservoir stores monsoon flow for controlled use in irrigation and electricity generation, while helping moderate floods in the delta.
91. Bhakra–Nangal Dam is established on which river?
[Bihar D.El.Ed. (3 April, Shift 2), 2024]
(A) Narmada
(B) Yamuna
(C) Sutlej
(D) Beas
Answer: (C) Sutlej
Explanation: The Bhakra–Nangal project uses the Sutlej River. The major upstream Bhakra storage dam and downstream Nangal works combine hydropower production with regulated delivery of irrigation water.
90. Which is regarded as Bihar’s oldest river-valley irrigation project?
[Bihar D.El.Ed. (5 April, Shift 1), 2024]
(A) Son Project
(B) Gandak Project
(C) Kosi Project
(D) Damodar Project
Answer: (A) Son Project
Explanation: The Son canal system developed from nineteenth-century irrigation works around Dehri. Unlike several post-independence multipurpose schemes, this older system preceded modern dam-based development in the Bihar plains.
89. Which is India’s longest dam, including its associated dykes?
[WBPSC WBCS 2023 Mains (held 18 August 2024), 2024]
(A) Hirakud
(B) Bhakra–Nangal
(C) Nagarjuna Sagar
(D) Sardar Sarovar
Answer: (A) Hirakud
Explanation: Hirakud extends about 25.8 kilometres when the main dam and earthen dykes are counted together. It stands on the Mahanadi in Odisha and is different from Tehri, which is distinguished by height.
88. In which state is the Mettur Hydroelectric Project located?
[WBPSC WBCS 2023 Mains (held 18 August 2024), 2024]
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Kerala
(D) Karnataka
Answer: (B) Tamil Nadu
Explanation: Mettur Dam is across the Cauvery in Tamil Nadu. The associated Stanley Reservoir helps supply irrigation in the fertile delta and supports a hydropower facility near the project.
87. Hirakud Dam stands on which river?
[WBPSC Food SI 2023 (held 16 March 2024), 2024]
(A) Godavari
(B) Krishna
(C) Cauvery
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (D) Mahanadi
Explanation: Hirakud is on the Mahanadi near Sambalpur in Odisha. The dam was designed for flood moderation and reliable irrigation water and is also equipped to generate hydroelectric energy.
86. The Krishna Raja Sagara (KRS) Dam is located on which river?
[OSSSC Forest Guard (4 May, Shift 3), 2024]
(A) Krishna
(B) Godavari
(C) Cauvery
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (C) Cauvery
Explanation: Krishna Raja Sagara Dam is across the Cauvery near Mandya in Karnataka. The reservoir is crucial to irrigation and municipal supply in the Mysuru region and is associated with the work of engineer M. Visvesvaraya.
85. Which dam forms part of the Damodar Valley Corporation?
[SSC MTS (30 September, Shift 2), 2024]
(A) Maithon
(B) Rihand
(C) Koyna
(D) Salal
Answer: (A) Maithon
Explanation: Maithon Dam is built across the Barakar River in the Damodar basin. It combines flood moderation, irrigation and hydropower objectives, unlike the other structures that are associated with different river systems.
84. In which district of Maharashtra is Ujani Dam located?
[Maharashtra Police Constable Aurangabad (7 July), 2024]
(A) Solapur
(B) Satara
(C) Pune
(D) Kolhapur
Answer: (A) Solapur
Explanation: Ujani, also known as Bhima Dam, is situated in Solapur district on the Bhima River. Its reservoir is an important source of irrigation water and supports supply for surrounding agricultural settlements.
2023 — 21 questions
83. Which four states are associated with the Sardar Sarovar Project’s benefits?
[SSC CGL Tier-I (14 July, Shift 4), 2023]
(A) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand
(B) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan
(C) Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan
(D) Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Telangana
Answer: (B) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan
Explanation: The four associated states are Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. Their interests include water allocation, irrigation, municipal supply and power sharing under the Narmada Valley scheme.
82. Which group benefits from Sardar Sarovar on the Narmada?
[Bihar TRE 2.0 Upper Primary (9 December), 2023]
(A) Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh
(B) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan
(C) Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
(D) All the listed groups
Answer: (B) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan
Explanation: Sardar Sarovar is a Narmada basin development involving Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. The benefits and obligations differ among states, but these four are the recognised participating states.
81. Sardar Sarovar Dam is built across which river?
[Bihar TRE 2.0 Social Science (8 December), 2023]
(A) Krishna
(B) Narmada
(C) Cauvery
(D) Godavari
Answer: (B) Narmada
Explanation: Sardar Sarovar crosses the Narmada near Kevadia in Gujarat. It provides a major storage and distribution system for irrigation, drinking water and hydroelectric production.
80. Why may sediment accumulation undermine a dam’s flood-control capacity?
[Bihar Secondary Teacher Social Science (26 August), 2023]
(A) It reduces available reservoir storage
(B) It increases canal width
(C) It creates more hydropower head indefinitely
(D) It eliminates downstream erosion
Answer: (A) It reduces available reservoir storage
Explanation: Sediment settles in reservoirs and gradually occupies space intended for water storage. With less capacity available during floods, the ability to regulate high inflows may decline unless catchment management and reservoir operations are effective.
79. Which movement or movements opposed the impacts of major Indian river projects?
[Bihar Primary Teacher (24 August, Shift 2), 2023]
(A) Narmada Bachao Andolan only
(B) Tehri Dam Andolan only
(C) Chipko only
(D) More than one of these
Answer: (D) More than one of these
Explanation: Movements around the Narmada and Tehri dams challenged displacement and ecological impacts of large projects. They belong to a broader debate about balancing economic benefits from hydropower and irrigation against social costs.
78. Which dams among Hirakud, Dudhawa and Ghumarapadar lie on the Mahanadi system?
[Bihar Primary Teacher (24 August, Shift 2), 2023]
(A) Hirakud alone
(B) Dudhawa alone
(C) Ghumarapadar alone
(D) More than one of them
Answer: (D) More than one of them
Explanation: Hirakud in Odisha and Dudhawa in Chhattisgarh are constructed on the Mahanadi. The river basin crosses state boundaries, requiring water-resource planning over more than a single district or state.
77. Narmada Bachao Andolan is strongly associated with which dam?
[Bihar STET Social Science (6 September), 2023]
(A) Sardar Sarovar
(B) Tehri
(C) Hirakud
(D) Gandhi Sagar
Answer: (A) Sardar Sarovar
Explanation: Sardar Sarovar became a central issue for the Narmada Bachao Andolan over rehabilitation, displacement and ecological concerns. The dam is part of the wider Narmada Valley system in western India.
76. Which of the following dams is located in southern India?
[SSC CPO (3 October, Shift 3), 2023]
(A) Rihand
(B) Mettur
(C) Gandhi Sagar
(D) Tilaiya
Answer: (B) Mettur
Explanation: Mettur is situated in Tamil Nadu on the Cauvery River. Rihand is in Uttar Pradesh, Gandhi Sagar in Madhya Pradesh and Tilaiya in Jharkhand, placing those dams outside southern India.
75. Hirakud Dam is built across which river?
[SSC JE Civil (4 December, Shift 1), 2023]
(A) Yamuna
(B) Krishna
(C) Cauvery
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (D) Mahanadi
Explanation: The Hirakud dam system is built near Sambalpur on the Mahanadi River. Its purposes include irrigation water supply, power generation and moderation of floods in the lower Mahanadi basin.
74. In which state is Hirakud Dam situated?
[CISF Head Constable (30 July, Shift 2), 2023]
(A) Jharkhand
(B) Chhattisgarh
(C) Odisha
(D) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: (C) Odisha
Explanation: Hirakud lies in Odisha near Sambalpur. It regulates the Mahanadi, a river entering Odisha from Chhattisgarh, and supports irrigation and electricity alongside flood moderation.
73. In which state is the Koyna Hydroelectric Power Plant?
[CRPF Head Constable (26 February, Shift 1), 2023]
(A) Maharashtra
(B) Telangana
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Jharkhand
Answer: (A) Maharashtra
Explanation: Koyna is a major hydroelectric undertaking in the Satara region of Maharashtra. The dam is on the Koyna River, a tributary of Krishna, with the Shivsagar reservoir providing stored water for power generation.
72. What approximate height of Gandhi Sagar Dam was asked in the exam?
[Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary (11 February, Shift 1), 2023]
(A) 26 metres
(B) 62 metres
(C) 72 metres
(D) 45 metres
Answer: (B) 62 metres
Explanation: Gandhi Sagar is approximately 62 metres high. The dam is a major upstream storage structure on the Chambal in Madhya Pradesh and belongs to the multipurpose Chambal Valley Project.
71. Hirakud Dam is situated in which state?
[Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary (5 February, Shift 2), 2023]
(A) West Bengal
(B) Haryana
(C) Odisha
(D) Jharkhand
Answer: (C) Odisha
Explanation: Hirakud is in Odisha on the Mahanadi near Sambalpur. The project is known both for its long earthen embankment system and for its role in irrigation, hydropower and flood management.
70. Which listed dam was NOT financed as an irrigation development under the First Five-Year Plan according to the paper?
[Delhi Police Constable (29 November, Shift 1), 2023]
(A) Bhakra–Nangal
(B) Hirakud
(C) Mettur
(D) Gosikhurd
Answer: (D) Gosikhurd
Explanation: Gosikhurd on the Wainganga belongs to a substantially later period of irrigation development. The first planning era concentrated on prominent major dam and canal works aimed at improving agriculture and power supply.
69. Kadana Dam of Gujarat is built on which river?
[SSC CHSL 2022 Tier-I (16 March 2023), 2023]
(A) Mahi
(B) Manjira
(C) Tapi
(D) Sabarmati
Answer: (A) Mahi
Explanation: Kadana Dam is situated on the Mahi in Gujarat. The reservoir supports water regulation and a pumped-storage hydropower facility, connecting irrigation and power interests in the basin.
68. Indira Sagar Dam across the Narmada lies in which state?
[SSC CHSL 2022 Tier-I (20 March 2023), 2023]
(A) Karnataka
(B) Gujarat
(C) Madhya Pradesh
(D) Kerala
Answer: (C) Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: Indira Sagar is a major Narmada Valley project in the Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh. It is associated with one of India’s largest storage reservoirs and substantial hydropower capacity.
67. Bhakra–Nangal Dam is built across which river?
[SSC MTS 2022 (12 May 2023, Shift 2), 2023]
(A) Beas
(B) Sutlej
(C) Chenab
(D) Ravi
Answer: (B) Sutlej
Explanation: Bhakra–Nangal uses the Sutlej in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. The scheme integrates river storage, electrical generation and irrigation delivery, notably to Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.
66. Which river valleys are major coal-bearing basins in India?
[68th BPSC Prelims (12 February), 2023]
(A) Mahanadi alone
(B) Damodar alone
(C) Son alone
(D) More than one of these
Answer: (D) More than one of these
Explanation: Damodar, Son and Mahanadi basins all contain major Gondwana coal deposits. The Damodar Valley’s mineral resources also encouraged industrial activity supported by regulated water and electricity from the DVC system.
65. Match Nizam Sagar, Somasila, Nathpa Jhakri and Linganamakki with their rivers.
[HPSC Prelims General Studies, 2023]
(A) Manjira, Pennar, Sutlej, Sharavathi
(B) Pennar, Sharavathi, Manjira, Sutlej
(C) Sutlej, Pennar, Sharavathi, Manjira
(D) Sharavathi, Sutlej, Pennar, Manjira
Answer: (A) Manjira, Pennar, Sutlej, Sharavathi
Explanation: Nizam Sagar spans the Manjira, Somasila the Pennar, Nathpa Jhakri uses Sutlej waters and Linganamakki is on the Sharavathi. The matching covers both southern irrigation infrastructure and Himalayan hydropower schemes.
64. Which listed dam is built on the Beas River?
[UKPSC Draftsman (5 November), 2023]
(A) Tilaiya
(B) Pong
(C) Bhakra
(D) Rihand
Answer: (B) Pong
Explanation: Pong Dam, also called Beas Dam, is situated in Himachal Pradesh. The reservoir is known as Maharana Pratap Sagar, supporting irrigation, hydropower and a wetland environment important for birdlife.
63. Chandertal, Renuka and Pong Dam are Ramsar sites of which state?
[Delhi Police Constable (21 November, Shift 3), 2023]
(A) Karnataka
(B) Assam
(C) Gujarat
(D) Himachal Pradesh
Answer: (D) Himachal Pradesh
Explanation: All three Ramsar-designated wetlands occur in Himachal Pradesh. Pong Reservoir was created by a major dam on the Beas; Chandertal and Renuka have different natural origins but share wetland conservation importance.
2022 — 2 questions
62. Which dam is known as India’s highest straight gravity dam?
[SSC CGL Tier-I (2 December), 2022]
(A) Tehri
(B) Bhakra
(C) Idukki
(D) Mettur
Answer: (B) Bhakra
Explanation: Bhakra Dam on the Sutlej is widely described as India’s highest straight concrete gravity dam. Tehri is taller overall but is a rock-and-earth-fill structure; dam type matters when interpreting comparisons.
61. Hirakud Dam has been constructed across which river?
[RRB NTPC CBT-2 (June), 2022]
(A) Krishna
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Narmada
(D) Ganga
Answer: (B) Mahanadi
Explanation: The Hirakud project, near Sambalpur in Odisha, spans the Mahanadi. It was planned primarily to moderate destructive floods and also supports irrigation, hydroelectricity and regional economic activity.
2021 — 1 questions
60. Who referred to major dams as the temples of modern India?
[RRB NTPC CBT-1 (July), 2021]
(A) Mahatma Gandhi
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
(C) B. R. Ambedkar
(D) Sardar Patel
Answer: (B) Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru used the expression to convey the nation-building promise of large infrastructure. Multipurpose dams represented electricity, agriculture, flood protection and industrial development in the decades following independence.
2020 — 2 questions
59. In which state is the Hirakud river-valley project located?
[DDA Stenographer Grade D (13 December, Shift 2), 2020]
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Jharkhand
(C) Chhattisgarh
(D) Odisha
Answer: (D) Odisha
Explanation: Hirakud is built on the Mahanadi near Sambalpur in Odisha. The reservoir supports agricultural canals and electricity production, and it was designed to reduce flood damage in the lower river basin.
58. Bansagar multipurpose dam has been constructed on which river?
[Karnataka Police Civil SI Paper 2, 2020]
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Krishna
(C) Son
(D) Sharavathi
Answer: (C) Son
Explanation: Bansagar is built on the Son River in Madhya Pradesh. The multipurpose system involves irrigation and hydroelectric generation and draws on the Son basin, which joins the Ganga system farther downstream.
2019 — 1 questions
57. Aliyar, Isapur and Kangsabati are all examples of what?
[UPPCS Prelims, 2019]
(A) Uranium mines
(B) Evergreen forests
(C) Limestone caves
(D) Reservoirs
Answer: (D) Reservoirs
Explanation: Aliyar is associated with Tamil Nadu, Isapur with Maharashtra and Kangsabati with West Bengal. All are reservoirs created for water storage and management, although their river systems and construction histories differ.
2018 — 1 questions
56. The Chambal Valley Project is operated jointly by which two states?
[RSMSSB Rajasthan State Examination, 2018]
(A) Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
(B) Gujarat and Rajasthan
(C) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
(D) Punjab and Haryana
Answer: (A) Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh share the Chambal development scheme. Gandhi Sagar lies in Madhya Pradesh, whereas Rana Pratap Sagar and Jawahar Sagar are in Rajasthan. River regulation supports electricity and irrigation.
2017 — 4 questions
55. Match Dulhasti, Gandhi Sagar, Ukai and Tawa with their rivers. Which sequence is correct?
[UPPSC RO/ARO Prelims, 2017]
(A) Chenab–Chambal–Tapi–Tawa
(B) Jhelum–Chambal–Mahi–Tawa
(C) Chenab–Son–Tapi–Betwa
(D) Ravi–Chambal–Godavari–Tawa
Answer: (A) Chenab–Chambal–Tapi–Tawa
Explanation: Dulhasti draws from the Chenab, Gandhi Sagar from the Chambal, Ukai from the Tapi and Tawa Dam from the Tawa. The sites span several different river basins and states.
54. On which river was Cheruthoni Dam built?
[UPPSC RO/ARO Prelims, 2017]
(A) Periyar
(B) Krishna
(C) Kali
(D) Cauvery
Answer: (A) Periyar
Explanation: Cheruthoni forms part of Kerala’s Idukki hydroelectric complex in the Periyar basin. Its reservoir system works together with the Idukki and Kulamavu dams to store water and produce electrical energy.
53. The Malampuzha irrigation dam stands across which river?
[UPPSC RO/ARO Prelims, 2017]
(A) Bharathapuzha main stem
(B) Malampuzha
(C) Kabini
(D) Pamba
Answer: (B) Malampuzha
Explanation: Malampuzha Dam in Palakkad, Kerala, impounds the Malampuzha River, a tributary within the Bharathapuzha system. It is best known for irrigation and local water supply rather than a large interstate hydropower complex.
52. Kol Dam hydroelectric scheme is situated on which river?
[UPPCS Mains, 2017]
(A) Krishna
(B) Sutlej
(C) Godavari
(D) Narmada
Answer: (B) Sutlej
Explanation: Kol Dam lies on the Sutlej in Himachal Pradesh. The hydropower scheme harnesses the gradient of a Himalayan river. It should not be confused with projects along the Krishna or the Narmada.
2016 — 8 questions
51. Which reservoir is built on the Chambal River?
[MPPSC Prelims, 2016]
(A) Nagarjuna Sagar
(B) Rana Pratap Sagar
(C) Rihand
(D) Govind Sagar
Answer: (B) Rana Pratap Sagar
Explanation: Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is situated on the Chambal near Rawatbhata in Rajasthan. It forms part of the inter-state Chambal Valley development system and is associated with hydroelectric production.
50. Which dam-height increase was opposed by Narmada Bachao Andolan?
[MPPSC Prelims, 2016]
(A) Indira Sagar
(B) Sardar Sarovar
(C) Gandhi Sagar
(D) Hirakud
Answer: (B) Sardar Sarovar
Explanation: The Sardar Sarovar project became central to debates about displacement, environmental impacts and rehabilitation in the Narmada basin. Narmada Bachao Andolan campaigned against raising the dam height without adequate safeguards.
49. Tilaiya Dam of the Damodar Valley system impounds which river?
[Jharkhand PCS Prelims, 2016]
(A) Damodar
(B) Barakar
(C) Konar
(D) Usri
Answer: (B) Barakar
Explanation: Tilaiya lies across the Barakar, an important tributary of the Damodar. The Damodar Valley Corporation system also includes other regulating structures designed for flood protection, irrigation, power and industrial requirements.
48. Which three states are principal recipients of irrigation water from Bhakra–Nangal?
[Uttarakhand PCS Prelims, 2016]
(A) Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Punjab
(B) Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand
(C) Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan
(D) Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan
Answer: (C) Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan
Explanation: Bhakra–Nangal supplies canal water particularly to Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. The Sutlej dam system also produces hydroelectricity. The geographic location of the Bhakra Dam should not be confused with the states receiving canal benefits.
47. Which combination of statements is correct: Rihand is a Son tributary; Hirakud is on Mahanadi; Tungabhadra is jointly developed; Maithon is on Barakar?
[UPPSC RO/ARO Re-exam Prelims, 2016]
(A) Statements 1, 2 and 3
(B) Statements 1, 2 and 4
(C) Statements 1, 3 and 4
(D) All four statements
Answer: (D) All four statements
Explanation: Each association is correct. Rihand belongs to the Son basin; Hirakud regulates the Mahanadi; Tungabhadra is shared by Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh; Maithon is situated on the Barakar in the Damodar system.
46. The Tulbul navigation project was proposed on which river?
[UPPSC RO/ARO Re-exam Prelims, 2016]
(A) Sutlej
(B) Jhelum
(C) Ravi
(D) Beas
Answer: (B) Jhelum
Explanation: Tulbul, also known in the dispute as the Wular Barrage project, concerns regulation of waters in the Jhelum system. The proposal became a point of disagreement between India and Pakistan under the Indus Waters Treaty.
45. In which Indian state is the Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar reservoir located?
[Chhattisgarh PCS Prelims, 2016]
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Assam
(C) Goa
(D) Kerala
Answer: (A) Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar was created behind Rihand Dam in Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh. It stores water in the Rihand–Son basin and supports electricity generation and regional industrial water demand.
44. Which set correctly pairs projects with their rivers: Rihand, Nagarjuna Sagar, Jayakwadi and Matatila?
[UPPSC RO/ARO Mains, 2016]
(A) Rihand–Son basin, Nagarjuna Sagar–Krishna, Jayakwadi–Godavari, Matatila–Betwa
(B) Rihand–Godavari, Nagarjuna Sagar–Cauvery, Jayakwadi–Krishna, Matatila–Son
(C) Rihand–Mahanadi, Nagarjuna Sagar–Tapi, Jayakwadi–Son, Matatila–Ganga
(D) Rihand–Krishna, Nagarjuna Sagar–Narmada, Jayakwadi–Godavari, Matatila–Mahi
Answer: (A) Rihand–Son basin, Nagarjuna Sagar–Krishna, Jayakwadi–Godavari, Matatila–Betwa
Explanation: Rihand Dam is in the Son watershed, Nagarjuna Sagar uses the Krishna, Jayakwadi impounds the Godavari, and Matatila spans the Betwa. These pairings connect projects to their drainage basins.
2015 — 2 questions
43. On which river is the Nagarjuna Sagar multipurpose project situated?
[56th–59th BPSC Prelims, 2015]
(A) Tapi
(B) Kosi
(C) Godavari
(D) Krishna
Answer: (D) Krishna
Explanation: Nagarjuna Sagar is a major masonry dam across the Krishna between present-day Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The project combines irrigation through extensive canals with power production and river-water storage.
42. Which dam–river pairing is incorrect?
[UP Lower Subordinate Prelims, 2015]
(A) Bhakra–Sutlej
(B) Ukai–Tapi
(C) Tawa–Krishna
(D) Hirakud–Mahanadi
Answer: (C) Tawa–Krishna
Explanation: Tawa Dam is on the Tawa River, a tributary of the Narmada in Madhya Pradesh. It is not part of the Krishna system. The other three dam–river combinations are accurate.
2014 — 3 questions
41. Which matching of rivers and dams is correct: Betwa, Mahanadi, Chambal, Tapi?
[UPPSC Revenue Inspector Examination, 2014]
(A) Matatila, Hirakud, Gandhi Sagar, Kakrapar
(B) Gandhi Sagar, Matatila, Hirakud, Kakrapar
(C) Hirakud, Kakrapar, Matatila, Gandhi Sagar
(D) Kakrapar, Gandhi Sagar, Hirakud, Matatila
Answer: (A) Matatila, Hirakud, Gandhi Sagar, Kakrapar
Explanation: Matatila is on the Betwa, Hirakud on the Mahanadi, Gandhi Sagar on the Chambal and Kakrapar Barrage on the Tapi. All four are important Indian water-control schemes.
40. Select the correct sequence of rivers for Tilaiya, Panchet, Rana Pratap Sagar and Matatila.
[UPPCS Mains, 2014]
(A) Barakar, Damodar, Chambal, Betwa
(B) Damodar, Barakar, Betwa, Chambal
(C) Barakar, Son, Cauvery, Betwa
(D) Konar, Damodar, Chambal, Godavari
Answer: (A) Barakar, Damodar, Chambal, Betwa
Explanation: Tilaiya controls the Barakar, Panchet stands on the Damodar, Rana Pratap Sagar impounds the Chambal and Matatila is on the Betwa. The first two belong to the wider Damodar basin.
39. Which project is primarily identified with hydropower rather than major irrigation?
[Chhattisgarh PCS Prelims, 2014]
(A) Shivasamudram
(B) Gandak
(C) Kosi
(D) Tungabhadra
Answer: (A) Shivasamudram
Explanation: Shivasamudram developed early hydroelectric generation on the Cauvery River in Karnataka. By comparison, Gandak, Kosi and Tungabhadra are strongly associated with canal irrigation and wider multipurpose management objectives.
2013 — 5 questions
38. In what year was the Damodar Valley Corporation created?
[Jharkhand PCS Prelims, 2013]
(A) 1945
(B) 1946
(C) 1947
(D) 1948
Answer: (D) 1948
Explanation: The Damodar Valley Corporation was established in 1948 under a parliamentary law. Inspired partly by integrated river-basin development models, it aimed to moderate flooding and provide water, irrigation and electricity.
37. The Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar reservoir is in which state?
[UP RO/ARO Mains, 2013]
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Chhattisgarh
(C) Jharkhand
(D) Uttarakhand
Answer: (A) Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar is the reservoir formed by the Rihand Dam in Uttar Pradesh’s Sonbhadra district. The Rihand is a tributary of the Son River, which ultimately joins the Ganga.
36. Identify the wrongly matched pair of project and river.
[UP Lower Subordinate Prelims, 2013]
(A) Nangal–Sutlej
(B) Sardar Sarovar–Narmada
(C) Nagarjuna Sagar–Godavari
(D) Hirakud–Mahanadi
Answer: (C) Nagarjuna Sagar–Godavari
Explanation: Nagarjuna Sagar is built on the Krishna, not the Godavari. Jayakwadi and Sri Ram Sagar are better-known major projects of the Godavari system. The remaining pairings are correct.
35. Which dam–river pair is wrong?
[UP UDA/LDA Prelims, 2013]
(A) Sardar Sarovar–Narmada
(B) Tilaiya–Konar
(C) Gandhi Sagar–Chambal
(D) Nagarjuna Sagar–Krishna
Answer: (B) Tilaiya–Konar
Explanation: Tilaiya Dam spans the Barakar rather than the Konar. Both rivers are parts of the Damodar basin, which can cause confusion. The other three pairs correctly connect dams with their rivers.
34. The Gandak multipurpose irrigation scheme mainly serves which two Indian states?
[MPPSC Prelims, 2013]
(A) Bihar and Uttar Pradesh
(B) Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh
(C) Bihar and West Bengal
(D) Bihar and Madhya Pradesh
Answer: (A) Bihar and Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: The Gandak scheme serves agricultural areas in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, with transboundary elements involving Nepal. A major barrage and canal network help distribute water across the northern Gangetic plain.
2012 — 3 questions
33. Which river carries the Sardar Sarovar project?
[Uttarakhand PCS Prelims, 2012]
(A) Narmada
(B) Tapi
(C) Godavari
(D) Cauvery
Answer: (A) Narmada
Explanation: Sardar Sarovar stands on the west-flowing Narmada in Gujarat. The broader project distributes water for irrigation and drinking-water needs while generating hydropower shared among beneficiary states.
32. Tehri’s hydroelectric development is associated with which two rivers at their confluence?
[Uttarakhand PCS Prelims, 2012]
(A) Bhagirathi and Alaknanda
(B) Yamuna and Bhagirathi
(C) Kali and Tons
(D) Bhagirathi and Bhilangana
Answer: (D) Bhagirathi and Bhilangana
Explanation: Tehri Dam is built across the Bhagirathi near the meeting point with the Bhilangana. The reservoir stores Himalayan river water for hydropower, irrigation and drinking-water supply.
31. Which incorrect project–river pair is listed?
[UPPCS Mains, 2012]
(A) Bhakra–Sutlej
(B) Nagarjuna Sagar–Godavari
(C) Hirakud–Mahanadi
(D) Gandhi Sagar–Chambal
Answer: (B) Nagarjuna Sagar–Godavari
Explanation: Nagarjuna Sagar uses the Krishna River. The Godavari system includes other major projects such as Jayakwadi and Sri Ram Sagar. The remaining three listed associations are correct.
2011 — 3 questions
30. Which river supports the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam?
[UPPCS Mains, 2011]
(A) Godavari
(B) Krishna
(C) Penganga
(D) Tungabhadra
Answer: (B) Krishna
Explanation: The Krishna flows from the Western Ghats toward the Bay of Bengal. Nagarjuna Sagar is among its major storage and irrigation structures, serving lands on both sides of the present Telangana–Andhra Pradesh boundary.
29. Which two reservoirs do not belong to the Chambal Valley Project?
[UPPCS Mains, 2011]
(A) Gandhi Sagar and Jawahar Sagar
(B) Jawahar Sagar and Gobind Sagar
(C) Gobind Sagar and Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar
(D) Gandhi Sagar and Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar
Answer: (C) Gobind Sagar and Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar
Explanation: Gobind Sagar was formed behind Bhakra Dam on the Sutlej, while Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar is behind Rihand Dam. In contrast, Gandhi Sagar and Jawahar Sagar are both in the Chambal project.
28. Shivasamudram hydropower installation is situated in which state?
[UPPCS Mains, 2011]
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Kerala
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Karnataka
Answer: (D) Karnataka
Explanation: Shivasamudram is on the Cauvery in Karnataka. Its historic hydroelectric station began operating in the early twentieth century and supplied power for activities including mining, establishing a landmark in Indian electricity development.
2010 — 3 questions
27. Why did the Damodar earn the name ‘Sorrow of Bengal’ before systematic basin development?
[UPPCS Prelims, 2010]
(A) Its upper course was rapid and lower course sluggish, aggravating floods
(B) The river never flooded
(C) It flowed entirely underground
(D) It had no tributaries
Answer: (A) Its upper course was rapid and lower course sluggish, aggravating floods
Explanation: The Damodar’s steep upper reaches and lower-gradient plains encouraged damaging floods during heavy rainfall. Reservoir construction and coordinated release management through the DVC were intended to reduce this flood risk.
26. Which project–river alignment is correct for Rihand, Rani Laxmibai, Tehri and Ramganga?
[UPPSC GIC Examination, 2010]
(A) Son basin, Betwa, Bhagirathi, Ramganga
(B) Narmada, Krishna, Yamuna, Ganga
(C) Godavari, Betwa, Krishna, Sutlej
(D) Mahanadi, Chambal, Bhagirathi, Beas
Answer: (A) Son basin, Betwa, Bhagirathi, Ramganga
Explanation: Rihand belongs to the Son catchment, Rani Laxmibai (Rajghat) Dam to the Betwa, Tehri to the Bhagirathi, and Ramganga Dam to the Ramganga. Correct basin identification differentiates projects with similar objectives.
25. Which four units were parties to the Cauvery water-sharing dispute?
[UP UDA/LDA Special Prelims, 2010]
(A) Tamil Nadu and Karnataka only
(B) Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala only
(C) Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Gujarat
(D) Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Puducherry
Answer: (D) Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Puducherry
Explanation: The Cauvery basin dispute involves Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and the Union Territory of Puducherry. Water allocation affects reservoirs and irrigation withdrawals throughout the basin, particularly during years of low rainfall.
2009 — 2 questions
24. The Baglihar hydropower station is associated with which river?
[UPPCS Prelims, 2009]
(A) Jhelum
(B) Indus
(C) Chenab
(D) Sutlej
Answer: (C) Chenab
Explanation: Baglihar was developed on the Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir. It became internationally prominent because of technical objections under the Indus Waters Treaty, which were referred to a neutral expert.
23. Tehri Hydropower Complex stands on which river?
[UPSC CSE Prelims, 2009]
(A) Alaknanda
(B) Bhagirathi
(C) Dhauliganga
(D) Mandakini
Answer: (B) Bhagirathi
Explanation: The Tehri complex is on the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand, close to its confluence with the Bhilangana. The project integrates major hydropower capacity with irrigation and drinking-water supply.
2008 — 7 questions
22. The Omkareshwar hydropower project is situated on which river?
[UPSC CSE Prelims, 2008]
(A) Chambal
(B) Narmada
(C) Tapi
(D) Bhima
Answer: (B) Narmada
Explanation: Omkareshwar is a Narmada Valley hydropower project in Madhya Pradesh. Water releases and storage operations interact with upstream facilities such as Indira Sagar, making coordination important in the basin.
21. Which project is not associated with the Narmada River?
[MPPSC Prelims, 2008]
(A) Bargi
(B) Omkareshwar
(C) Indira Sagar
(D) Bansagar
Answer: (D) Bansagar
Explanation: Bansagar is built across the Son River, part of the Ganga basin. Bargi, Omkareshwar and Indira Sagar are major structures on the Narmada in Madhya Pradesh.
20. Which is the correct state sequence for Mettur, Mayurakshi, Nagarjuna Sagar and Hirakud?
[UPPCS Special Prelims, 2008]
(A) Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha
(B) Odisha, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala
(C) Tamil Nadu, Odisha, West Bengal, Gujarat
(D) Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Karnataka
Answer: (A) Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha
Explanation: Mettur serves the Cauvery system of Tamil Nadu, Mayurakshi is associated with West Bengal, Nagarjuna Sagar historically with undivided Andhra Pradesh, and Hirakud is in Odisha. Telangana was formed in 2014.
19. Select the correct river order for Shivasamudram, Nagarjuna Sagar, Jayakwadi and Tehri.
[Chhattisgarh PCS Prelims, 2008]
(A) Cauvery, Krishna, Godavari, Bhagirathi
(B) Cauvery, Godavari, Krishna, Bhagirathi
(C) Krishna, Cauvery, Godavari, Yamuna
(D) Cauvery, Krishna, Bhagirathi, Godavari
Answer: (A) Cauvery, Krishna, Godavari, Bhagirathi
Explanation: Shivasamudram is on the Cauvery; Nagarjuna Sagar on the Krishna; Jayakwadi on the Godavari; and Tehri on the Bhagirathi. This question compares four major geographic regions.
18. Which dam–state series is correct for Rihand, Ukai, Hirakud and Koyna?
[Chhattisgarh PCS Prelims, 2008]
(A) Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Odisha, Maharashtra
(B) Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Kerala
(C) Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat
(D) Bihar, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra
Answer: (A) Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Odisha, Maharashtra
Explanation: Rihand Dam is in Uttar Pradesh, Ukai in Gujarat, Hirakud in Odisha and Koyna in Maharashtra. Their basins are the Son, Tapi, Mahanadi and Koyna–Krishna systems respectively.
17. Which set of irrigation-project pairs is correctly matched with states: Damanganga–Gujarat, Girna–Maharashtra, Pamba–Kerala?
[UPSC CSE Prelims, 2008]
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) All three pairs
Answer: (D) All three pairs
Explanation: Damanganga is associated with Gujarat, Girna with Maharashtra and Pamba with Kerala. These projects harness different peninsular river systems and demonstrate that irrigation investment is spread beyond India’s largest dams.
16. Tapovan and Vishnugarh hydroelectric developments are located in which state?
[UPSC CSE Prelims, 2008]
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) Uttarakhand
(D) Rajasthan
Answer: (C) Uttarakhand
Explanation: Tapovan and Vishnugarh hydropower projects are associated with the Himalayan river network of Uttarakhand. The state’s steep river gradients create hydropower potential, while geology and ecological sensitivity make construction challenging.
2007 — 2 questions
15. Pakistan raised objections to India’s Baglihar project on which river?
[UPSC CSE Prelims, 2007]
(A) Jhelum
(B) Indus
(C) Chenab
(D) Sutlej
Answer: (C) Chenab
Explanation: The Baglihar project uses Chenab waters in Jammu and Kashmir. Its engineering specifications prompted proceedings under the Indus Waters Treaty. A neutral expert examined the dispute rather than assigning the project to another basin.
14. The Tulbul navigation scheme is associated with which river system?
[UPPCS Mains, 2007]
(A) Chenab
(B) Ravi
(C) Jhelum
(D) Beas
Answer: (C) Jhelum
Explanation: Tulbul was planned to help regulate navigable flow through Wular Lake in the Jhelum system. Differences over its permissible operation became part of the wider India–Pakistan water-management debate.
2006 — 3 questions
13. Which of the following dams is on the Chambal?
[MPPSC Prelims, 2006]
(A) Indira Sagar
(B) Sardar Sarovar
(C) Gandhi Sagar
(D) Bhakra
Answer: (C) Gandhi Sagar
Explanation: Gandhi Sagar is located on the Chambal in Madhya Pradesh near the Rajasthan border. It is a key component of the shared Chambal Valley project, supporting power and irrigation systems downstream.
12. At the time of this examination, Nagarjuna Sagar Dam was situated in which state?
[Uttarakhand PCS Prelims, 2006]
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Uttar Pradesh
(D) Tamil Nadu
Answer: (A) Andhra Pradesh
Explanation: In 2006 Nagarjuna Sagar lay in undivided Andhra Pradesh. Today the project is associated with the Telangana–Andhra Pradesh boundary. Recognising historical state boundaries is important when interpreting older exam questions.
11. Match Bhadra, Bhavani Sagar, Gandhi Sagar and Rana Pratap Sagar to their states.
[UPPCS Mains, 2006]
(A) Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
(B) Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh
(C) Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan
(D) Karnataka, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh
Answer: (A) Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
Explanation: Bhadra is in Karnataka, Bhavani Sagar in Tamil Nadu, Gandhi Sagar in Madhya Pradesh and Rana Pratap Sagar in Rajasthan. Two of these are on the wider Chambal water development system.
2005 — 2 questions
10. Gandhi Sagar Dam belongs to which major scheme?
[UPSC CSE Prelims, 2005]
(A) Chambal Valley
(B) Kosi
(C) Damodar Valley
(D) Bhakra–Nangal
Answer: (A) Chambal Valley
Explanation: Gandhi Sagar is an upstream storage and hydropower component of the Chambal Valley Project involving Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. It is unrelated to the Himalayan Sutlej or eastern Damodar schemes.
9. The Hirakud Dam is built across which river?
[MPPSC Prelims, 2005]
(A) Shivnath
(B) Narmada
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Son
Answer: (C) Mahanadi
Explanation: The Mahanadi flows from central India to Odisha and the Bay of Bengal. Hirakud, located upstream of Sambalpur, helps manage seasonal flooding and provides water for irrigation and power.
2004 — 2 questions
8. Which activist prominently campaigned against the Sardar Sarovar scheme?
[MPPSC Special Prelims, 2004]
(A) Yogendra Makwana
(B) Keshubhai Patel
(C) Chhagan Bhujbal
(D) Medha Patkar
Answer: (D) Medha Patkar
Explanation: Medha Patkar was a leading figure in Narmada Bachao Andolan, which raised objections concerning displacement, environmental consequences and rehabilitation in large Narmada Valley projects, particularly Sardar Sarovar.
7. Which four states are beneficiaries of the Sardar Sarovar project?
[UP Lower Subordinate Special Prelims, 2004]
(A) Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
(B) Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra
(C) Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra
(D) Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Maharashtra
Answer: (A) Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
Explanation: The Sardar Sarovar project supports Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh through a combination of water and power benefits. Individual benefits differ by state, including irrigation distribution, drinking water and electricity.
2003 — 3 questions
6. Select the correctly ordered rivers for Idukki, Matatila, Nagarjuna Sagar and Pochampad.
[UPPCS Prelims, 2003]
(A) Periyar, Betwa, Krishna, Godavari
(B) Betwa, Godavari, Krishna, Periyar
(C) Periyar, Godavari, Betwa, Krishna
(D) Krishna, Betwa, Periyar, Godavari
Answer: (A) Periyar, Betwa, Krishna, Godavari
Explanation: Idukki forms part of Kerala’s Periyar system, Matatila lies on the Betwa, Nagarjuna Sagar on the Krishna and Pochampad, or Sri Ram Sagar, on the Godavari.
5. Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Project is situated in which region?
[Uttarakhand UDA/LDA Prelims, 2003]
(A) Jammu and Kashmir
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Odisha
(D) West Bengal
Answer: (A) Jammu and Kashmir
Explanation: Baglihar is on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir. The scheme became internationally noted because Pakistan disputed elements of the design under the Indus Waters Treaty.
4. Kalagarh Dam in Uttarakhand was built on which river?
[Uttarakhand UDA/LDA Prelims, 2003]
(A) Ramganga
(B) Alaknanda
(C) Mandakini
(D) Yamuna
Answer: (A) Ramganga
Explanation: Kalagarh Dam is a principal structure of the Ramganga multipurpose project. The river descends from Uttarakhand into the Ganga plains, and the dam supplies irrigation and hydropower services.
2002 — 3 questions
3. Across which river was Tehri Dam being constructed?
[UPPCS Prelims, 2002]
(A) Bhagirathi
(B) Ramganga
(C) Alaknanda
(D) Bhilangana
Answer: (A) Bhagirathi
Explanation: Tehri Dam impounds the Bhagirathi near its junction with the Bhilangana in Uttarakhand. It was designed for hydropower and water storage as well as agricultural and drinking-water supply.
2. Nagarjuna Sagar lies on which river?
[Uttarakhand PCS Prelims, 2002]
(A) Godavari
(B) Krishna
(C) Penganga
(D) Tungabhadra
Answer: (B) Krishna
Explanation: The Nagarjuna Sagar structure is on the Krishna, not the Godavari or its tributary Penganga. It is a significant irrigation and hydropower facility in the Deccan plateau region.
1. Where is the Kalpong hydropower project located?
[UP Lower Subordinate Prelims, 2002]
(A) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(B) Arunachal Pradesh
(C) Meghalaya
(D) Sikkim
Answer: (A) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Explanation: Kalpong is an early hydroelectric project in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, on North Andaman Island. It is distinct from the large Himalayan hydroelectric developments of mainland India.