Q80. In April 2025, an affordable electro-fluidic device for preliminary screening of sickle-cell disease was developed by which Indian research institute?
[SSC GD Constable, 7 May 2026 (Shift 1) | 2026]
(A) Tata Memorial Centre
(B) Raman Research Institute
(C) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
(D) All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Answer: (B) Raman Research Institute
Explanation: Raman Research Institute in Bengaluru developed a low-cost, point-of-care device for initial sickle-cell screening. Its approach uses electrical signals generated as red blood cells pass through a small aperture. The institute undertakes interdisciplinary fundamental and applied scientific research.
Q79. Which Indian institute discovered the lichen Allographa effusosoredica, as reported in July 2025?
[DSSSB MTS, 3 May 2026 (Shift 1) | 2026]
(A) MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune
(B) IISER Pune
(C) National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow
(D) JNCASR, Bengaluru
Answer: (A) MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune
Explanation: MACS-Agharkar Research Institute in Pune studies biodiversity and biological sciences. Researchers used an integrative approach combining microscopic features, chemical characteristics and genetic evidence to distinguish this lichen species. Lichens are partnerships involving a fungus and a photosynthetic organism.
Q78. Which DRDO laboratory conducted a long-duration test of an actively cooled full-scale scramjet combustor in May 2026?
[RRB Group D, 21 August 2026 (Shift 1) | 2026]
(A) Aeronautical Development Establishment
(B) Research Centre Imarat
(C) Defence Electronics Research Laboratory
(D) Defence Research and Development Laboratory
Answer: (D) Defence Research and Development Laboratory
Explanation: Defence Research and Development Laboratory, Hyderabad, works on missile propulsion and related systems. An actively cooled scramjet combustor is relevant to sustained hypersonic flight, where extreme heat must be managed while maintaining stable supersonic combustion within the engine.
Q77. Which institution used wetland pollen evidence to study the palaeoecological history of Kaziranga National Park in February 2026?
[RRB Group D, 18 August 2026 (Shift 3) | 2026]
(A) Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences
(B) Zoological Survey of India
(C) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
(D) Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology
Answer: (A) Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences
Explanation: The Lucknow-based Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences studies ancient vegetation, climate and environments. Pollen preserved in wetland sediments helps researchers reconstruct long-term habitat change in Kaziranga, contributing to an understanding of conditions supporting the one-horned rhinoceros.
Q76. Which organisation celebrated its 176th Foundation Day on 4 March 2026?
[RRB Group D, 9 August 2026 (Shift 3) | 2026]
(A) Botanical Survey of India
(B) Geological Survey of India
(C) Zoological Survey of India
(D) Archaeological Survey of India
Answer: (B) Geological Survey of India
Explanation: The Geological Survey of India was established in 1851, initially with a major focus on locating coal resources. Its mandate expanded to geological mapping, mineral exploration, geoscientific investigations and research. The organisation is important for understanding India’s geological resources.
Q75. Which Department of Atomic Energy research institution conducted a 2026 study on climate shocks and poverty in 593 districts across 21 Indian states?
[RRB Group D, 18 August 2026 (Shift 1) | 2026]
(A) National Institute of Science Education and Research
(B) National Environmental Research Institute
(C) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(D) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Answer: (A) National Institute of Science Education and Research
Explanation: The National Institute of Science Education and Research, situated near Bhubaneswar in Odisha, is supported by the Department of Atomic Energy. The cited study examined how climate hazards such as drought, floods and temperature anomalies intersect with socioeconomic vulnerability.
Q74. Which BARC-developed research reactor achieved its first criticality using low-enriched uranium fuel?
[SSC GD Constable, 29 May 2026 (Shift 1) | 2026]
(A) PURNE
(B) APSARA-U
(C) DHRUVA
(D) KAMINI
Answer: (B) APSARA-U
Explanation: APSARA-U is an upgraded research reactor at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay. It achieved first criticality in September 2018 with low-enriched uranium fuel. Research reactors support scientific experiments, training and isotope-related research, unlike reactors primarily designed for commercial electricity production.
Q73. Which institute was associated with the launch of the tetanus and adult diphtheria vaccine in February 2026?
[DSSSB MTS, 5 May 2026 (Shift 1) | 2026]
(A) AIIMS, New Delhi
(B) National Institute of Virology, Pune
(C) Central Research Institute, Kasauli
(D) Pasteur Institute, Coonoor
Answer: (C) Central Research Institute, Kasauli
Explanation: Central Research Institute at Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh, has a longstanding role in vaccine development and production, alongside public-health research. Its association with the tetanus and adult diphtheria vaccine highlights the function of government biological research facilities in immunisation programmes.
Q72. In January 2026, the Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bengaluru, developed which device?
[DSSSB MTS, 1 May 2026 (Shift 1) | 2026]
(A) Photovoltaic cell
(B) Fuel cell
(C) Thermoelectric generator
(D) Photo-capacitor
Answer: (D) Photo-capacitor
Explanation: The Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences conducts research on advanced materials and nanotechnology. A photo-capacitor combines light-energy harvesting with electrical-energy storage. Such devices are studied for compact self-powered systems and can contribute to renewable-energy technologies.
Q71. Which institution developed the bioluminescent CRISPR protein GlowCas9 reported in December 2025?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I, 24 March 2026 (Shift 2) | 2026]
(A) Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
(B) Bose Institute, Kolkata
(C) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
(D) IIT Delhi
Answer: (B) Bose Institute, Kolkata
Explanation: Bose Institute in Kolkata undertakes interdisciplinary scientific research. GlowCas9 was reported as a bioluminescent tool for monitoring gene-editing activity. By coupling CRISPR-related proteins to a light-producing mechanism, researchers can gain additional ways to observe molecular events.
Q70. Which institution conducted the BHARAT study on indicators affecting ageing in the Indian population?
[SSC GD Constable, 8 May 2026 (Shift 2) | 2026]
(A) Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
(B) National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad
(C) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
(D) Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
Answer: (C) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
Explanation: The BHARAT ageing study is associated with the Centre for Brain Research on the Indian Institute of Science campus in Bengaluru. It investigates biological and environmental markers connected with ageing, health and resilience among Indian populations.
Q69. Which institution launched the Bharat Cancer Genome Atlas in February 2026?
[RRB Group D, 19 August 2026 (Shift 1) | 2026]
(A) IIT Madras
(B) Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad
(C) Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai
(D) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
Answer: (A) IIT Madras
Explanation: IIT Madras is associated with the Bharat Cancer Genome Atlas initiative, which aims to expand genomic information relevant to Indian cancer patients. Genomic databases can help researchers study tumour variations and support research into more tailored cancer diagnostics and treatment.
Q68. Which institute developed a dual-purpose material for hydrogen generation and seawater desalination, as reported in early 2026?
[DSSSB MTS, 1 May 2026 (Shift 1) | 2026]
(A) IIT Delhi
(B) IIT Guwahati
(C) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
(D) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Answer: (B) IIT Guwahati
Explanation: IIT Guwahati researchers explored a material or system designed to use solar energy for both hydrogen-related processes and freshwater production. The approach links sustainable energy research to water security, two important areas for resource-constrained and coastal regions.
Q67. Which institution hosted the opening plenary of the Indian Conservation Conference 2025?
[RRB Group D, 9 February 2026 (Shift 3) | 2026]
(A) Indian Council of Forestry Research, Jabalpur
(B) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
(C) Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun
(D) Forest Research Institute, Dehradun
Answer: (C) Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun
Explanation: The Wildlife Institute of India is based in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, and focuses on wildlife science, biodiversity and conservation training. Hosting a conservation conference is consistent with its role in connecting ecological research with protected-area management and policy.
Q66. Which apex agricultural research organisation is associated with the Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal?
[RRB Group D, 3 February 2026 (Shift 2) | 2026]
(A) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(B) Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
(C) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
(D) National Horticulture Board
Answer: (A) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Explanation: The Indian Institute of Soil Science is an ICAR institute headquartered in Bhopal. Its research covers soil fertility, nutrient management, soil health and sustainable farming systems. ICAR coordinates a nationwide network of institutes focusing on agriculture and allied sciences.
Q65. What is the primary function of AILA, an AI agent introduced by IIT Delhi researchers in 2025?
[AFCAT, 31 January 2026 (Shift 1) | 2026]
(A) To conduct scientific experiments from start to finish
(B) To automate classroom schedules and laboratory maintenance
(C) Only to review scientific literature
(D) Only to simulate virtual experiments
Answer: (A) To conduct scientific experiments from start to finish
Explanation: AILA was described as an artificial-intelligence agent capable of carrying out experimental workflows with reduced manual intervention. The research illustrates how scientific institutions are using AI to assist laboratory experimentation rather than merely searching papers or managing timetables.
Q64. The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory, which completed 125 years in 2024, is located in which Indian state?
[SSC MTS 2025 cycle, 9 February 2026 (Shift 2) | 2026]
(A) Kerala
(B) Telangana
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Maharashtra
Answer: (C) Tamil Nadu
Explanation: The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory is in the Palani Hills of Tamil Nadu. It began operations in 1899 and is associated with the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. Its long-running solar observations are valuable for studying sunspots and solar activity over time.
Q63. Where is the headquarters of the Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI)?
[SSC Selection Post Graduate Level, 31 July 2025 (Shift 3) | 2025]
(A) New Delhi
(B) Bhopal
(C) Jaipur
(D) Jodhpur
Answer: (D) Jodhpur
Explanation: CAZRI is headquartered at Jodhpur, Rajasthan, and belongs to the ICAR network. It works on problems of dryland agriculture, desertification, natural resources and sustainable livelihoods. Its location in the Thar region makes it especially relevant to arid-zone studies.
Q62. Which institute has studied the retreat and mass balance of the Pensilungpa Glacier in Zanskar, Ladakh?
[SSC CGL, 18 September 2025 (Shift 3) | 2025]
(A) Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services
(B) Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology
(C) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
(D) Zoological Survey of India
Answer: (B) Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology
Explanation: The Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, undertakes geological and glaciological studies across the Himalayas. Monitoring glacier length and mass balance helps track climate-related changes and the potential effects on rivers, hazards and downstream water availability.
Q61. Under Mission Mausam, a cloud chamber is being constructed at which research institution?
[SSC CHSL, 17 November 2025 (Shift 1) | 2025]
(A) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
(B) IIT Delhi
(C) National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi
(D) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune
Answer: (D) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune
Explanation: The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology in Pune studies monsoons, atmospheric processes and climate. A cloud chamber allows researchers to examine how aerosols, temperature and other atmospheric conditions influence cloud formation, improving the scientific basis of weather research.
Q60. Which pair signed an MoU with CAQM in June 2025 to address road-dust pollution in the NCR?
[DSSSB PGT Chemistry, 22 July 2025 (Shift 1) | 2025]
(A) CSIR-Central Road Research Institute and School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
(B) NITI Aayog and IISc Bengaluru
(C) Ministry of Road Transport and CSIR-NEERI
(D) CSIR-NEERI and IIT Delhi
Answer: (A) CSIR-Central Road Research Institute and School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Explanation: CSIR-Central Road Research Institute studies road engineering and transport-related problems. Its collaboration with the School of Planning and Architecture brought engineering and urban-design expertise together to examine dust emissions from road surfaces and related infrastructure.
Q59. Which institution was selected by ICMR to establish a South Indian Infectious Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory in January 2025?
[RRB Group D, 5 December 2025 (Shift 1) | 2025]
(A) Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute
(B) Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai
(C) Christian Medical College, Vellore
(D) Kamineni Academy, Hyderabad
Answer: (A) Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute
Explanation: Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute was identified for the laboratory initiative. The proposed centre aims to strengthen infectious-disease diagnostics and scientific investigation. Such facilities help improve laboratory preparedness and link medical research with regional public-health needs.
Q58. Which institution led research on a potential therapy for autism or intellectual disability, as reported in April 2025?
[OSSSC CRE Preliminary Examination, 16 October 2025 (Shift 1) | 2025]
(A) Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology
(B) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
(C) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru
(D) AIIMS Rishikesh
Answer: (C) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru
Explanation: The Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, conducts frontier research in biological and physical sciences. The reported work explored a potential therapeutic avenue for neurodevelopmental conditions, reflecting its contribution to advanced interdisciplinary investigations.
Q57. Which institute developed nanoscale colour-shifting materials for wearable technology, reported in July 2025?
[OSSSC CRE Preliminary Examination, 24 October 2025 (Shift 1) | 2025]
(A) National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi
(B) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
(C) Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bengaluru
(D) IIT Bombay
Answer: (C) Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bengaluru
Explanation: The Bengaluru-based Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences specialises in nanoscale materials. Colour-changing materials can be engineered through their optical and structural properties. Potential applications include wearable devices, responsive fabrics, security features and sensors.
Q56. What assessment did the Supreme Court ask NEERI to undertake in April 2025?
[RRB Group D, 12 December 2025 (Shift 2) | 2025]
(A) Impact of glass industries on the Taj Mahal
(B) Repair of the Taj Mahal
(C) Relocation of glass factories
(D) Tourism promotion near the Taj Mahal
Answer: (A) Impact of glass industries on the Taj Mahal
Explanation: The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute is located in Nagpur. NEERI studies pollution and environmental engineering, making it suited to assess industrial impacts on heritage structures. Such investigations can guide evidence-based environmental protection in sensitive locations.
Q55. Which research institution developed a fast-charging sodium-ion battery, reported in May 2025?
[DSSSB ASO, 21 August 2025 (Shift 2) | 2025]
(A) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
(C) Indian Space Research Organisation
(D) IIT Bombay
Answer: (B) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
Explanation: JNCASR in Bengaluru studies advanced materials and energy systems. Sodium-ion battery research seeks alternatives to lithium-based storage, particularly by improving charge rates, electrode performance and affordability. Fast-charging capability is an important target for future energy-storage technologies.
Q54. Which institute–location pair is incorrect?
[Haryana CET, 26 July 2025 (Shift 1) | 2025]
(A) Indian Agricultural Research Institute — Panchkula
(B) Indian Institute of Management — Rohtak
(C) Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes — Hisar
(D) National Dairy Research Institute — Karnal
Answer: (A) Indian Agricultural Research Institute — Panchkula
Explanation: The Indian Agricultural Research Institute is headquartered in New Delhi rather than Panchkula. Its historic connection to Pusa in Bihar explains the familiar Pusa Institute name. The other listed Haryana institutions are associated with Rohtak, Hisar and Karnal.
Q53. Which city houses the National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI)?
[Haryana CET, 27 July 2025 (Shift 1) | 2025]
(A) Rohtak
(B) Hisar
(C) Karnal
(D) Panipat
Answer: (C) Karnal
Explanation: ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute is based in Karnal, Haryana. It undertakes dairy science research, education and extension, including animal production and milk technology. Karnal is therefore a major centre on the map of India’s dairy research institutions.
Q52. The Central Institute for Research on ______ is located in Hisar district of Haryana.
[Haryana CET, 27 July 2025 (Shift 1) | 2025]
(A) Tigers
(B) Buffaloes
(C) Deer
(D) Crocodiles
Answer: (B) Buffaloes
Explanation: The ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes is located at Hisar. Its research includes buffalo breeding, reproduction, nutrition and management. Haryana has an important dairy economy, and the institute supports scientific improvements in buffalo production and productivity.
Q51. Which institute developed a nano-formulation for safer Parkinson’s treatment, reported in January 2025?
[OSSSC CRE Preliminary Examination, 26 October 2025 (Shift 2) | 2025]
(A) Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali
(B) NIMHANS, Bengaluru
(C) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
(D) AIIMS New Delhi
Answer: (A) Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali
Explanation: The Institute of Nano Science and Technology at Mohali researches nanomaterials and their applications. Nano-formulations can be designed to improve targeted delivery and reduce unwanted effects of certain medicines. This work illustrates the interface between materials science and healthcare.
Q50. Which programme led to the National Biobank at CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, in July 2025?
[RRB Group D, 21 December 2025 (Shift 2) | 2025]
(A) Bharat GeneBank Initiative
(B) Phenome India Project
(C) India Biotech 2030 Mission
(D) Genome India Mission
Answer: (B) Phenome India Project
Explanation: The Phenome India initiative links detailed health measurements with biological samples and scientific analysis. Establishing a biobank at the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology in New Delhi supports long-term research into genetic, lifestyle and disease-related variation.
Q49. Which institutions reported discovery of a new prion called SNG2 in January 2025?
[RRB Group D, 29 December 2025 (Shift 1) | 2025]
(A) Delhi University and CSIR Delhi
(B) IIT Delhi and AIIMS Delhi
(C) IISc Bengaluru and NIPER Mohali
(D) Amity University Mohali and Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh
Answer: (D) Amity University Mohali and Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh
Explanation: The research was associated with Amity University and CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh. Prion research investigates unusual protein behaviour and biological effects. IMTECH is a recognised CSIR laboratory specialising in microbiology, molecular biology and related biotechnological work.
Q48. Where is the Central Rice Research Institute located?
[CSIR-CLRI JSA 2024 cycle, 16 February 2025 (Paper II) | 2025]
(A) Bengaluru
(B) Kanpur
(C) Coimbatore
(D) Cuttack
Answer: (D) Cuttack
Explanation: The Central Rice Research Institute, now known as ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, is in Cuttack, Odisha. It undertakes research on rice varieties, crop management and production systems. Its location supports work in India’s major eastern rice-growing regions.
Q47. In which city is India’s Temperate Forest Research Centre located?
[71st BPSC Preliminary Examination, 13 September 2025 | 2025]
(A) Ranchi
(B) Shimla
(C) Srinagar
(D) Dehradun
Answer: (B) Shimla
Explanation: The Temperate Forest Research Centre is located in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. It focuses on temperate Himalayan forests, particularly issues involving conifers, ecological restoration and sustainable forest management. The research context differs from arid-forest research based in Jodhpur.
Q46. The Harish-Chandra Research Institute, supported by the Department of Atomic Energy, is located in which state?
[OSSC Vital Statistics Assistant, 11 March 2024 (Shift 1) | 2024]
(A) Maharashtra
(B) Rajasthan
(C) Bihar
(D) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (D) Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: The Harish-Chandra Research Institute is based in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Its major academic areas include mathematics and theoretical physics. The institution receives support from the Department of Atomic Energy and is named in honour of mathematician Harish-Chandra.
Q45. In which district of Uttarakhand is the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences located?
[UP Police Constable, 17 February 2024 (Shift 2) | 2024]
(A) Nainital
(B) Almora
(C) Chamoli
(D) Champawat
Answer: (A) Nainital
Explanation: ARIES is based in Nainital, Uttarakhand. The institute researches astronomy, astrophysics and atmospheric science. Its observatory facilities in the Kumaon Himalayas benefit from suitable high-altitude conditions, making Nainital an important location for observational research.
Q44. What is the name of the major atomic research centre located in Mumbai?
[OSSSC Forester and Forest Guard, 29 April 2024 (Shift 1) | 2024]
(A) Sethna Atomic Research Centre
(B) Raman Institute of Atomic Research
(C) Sarabhai Research Centre
(D) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Answer: (D) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Explanation: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is located at Trombay in Mumbai. It evolved from the Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay, established in the 1950s, and is involved in nuclear science, research reactors, materials, radiation applications and associated technological development.
Q43. Where is the Forest Research Institute of India located?
[OSSSC Forester and Forest Guard, 1 May 2024 (Shift 2) | 2024]
(A) Mount Abu
(B) Shimla
(C) Dehradun
(D) Kodaikanal
Answer: (C) Dehradun
Explanation: The Forest Research Institute is situated in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Its history includes the Imperial Forest Research Institute established in 1906. It undertakes forestry research, education and training, and forms part of India’s wider forest-science institutional network.
Q42. Where is the Indian Institute of Petroleum located?
[UP Police Constable Re-exam, 31 August 2024 (Shift 1) | 2024]
(A) Delhi
(B) Amethi
(C) Chennai
(D) Dehradun
Answer: (D) Dehradun
Explanation: CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum is located in Dehradun. It researches refining, fuels, petrochemicals and energy-related technologies. The institute’s work includes alternative fuels and processing techniques, giving Dehradun an important place in India’s scientific and industrial research geography.
Q41. Which organisation acquires and processes satellite data in India?
[SSC MTS, 13 November 2024 (Shift 3) | 2024]
(A) National Remote Sensing Centre
(B) Forest Research Institute
(C) Indian Institute of Remote Sensing
(D) Wildlife Institute of India
Answer: (A) National Remote Sensing Centre
Explanation: The National Remote Sensing Centre, headquartered in Hyderabad, is an ISRO unit that provides satellite-data acquisition, processing and applications. Its products support agriculture, land use, disaster management, water-resource assessment and geographic information services across India.
Q40. Grinson George became director of which institute in August 2024?
[RPF Sub-Inspector, 12 December 2024 (Shift 2) | 2024]
(A) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi
(B) National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
(C) Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar
(D) Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai
Answer: (A) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi
Explanation: ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute is headquartered in Kochi, Kerala. It studies marine fisheries, ocean-linked resources and mariculture, supporting sustainable fisheries management. The institute’s location on the Arabian Sea coast is well suited to marine research.
Q39. Where is the headquarters of the Botanical Survey of India?
[OSSSC Forester and Forest Guard, 5 May 2024 (Shift 2) | 2024]
(A) Chennai
(B) Kolkata
(C) Delhi
(D) Mumbai
Answer: (B) Kolkata
Explanation: The Botanical Survey of India is headquartered in Kolkata. It studies India’s plant diversity through field surveys, taxonomy and documentation. The organisation also maintains herbarium resources, supporting scientific understanding of regional flora and biodiversity conservation.
Q38. In which year was the Imperial Forest Research Institute established at Dehradun?
[Bihar TRE 3.0 Upper Primary, 15 March 2024 (Shift 2) | 2024]
(A) 1906
(B) 1904
(C) 1905
(D) More than one of the above
Answer: (A) 1906
Explanation: The Imperial Forest Research Institute was established in Dehradun in 1906. Earlier forestry training institutions preceded it, but 1906 marks its establishment under the imperial research name. It later developed into the modern Forest Research Institute.
Q37. How many institute–city pairs are correctly matched:
Arid Forest Research Institute–Jodhpur;
Himalayan Forest Research Institute–Dehradun;
Rain Forest Research Institute–Jorhat;
Tropical Forest Research Institute–Jabalpur?
[UPPSC RO/ARO General Studies, 11 February 2024 | 2024]
(A) Four
(B) Two
(C) One
(D) Three
Answer: (D) Three
Explanation: Jodhpur, Jorhat and Jabalpur are the correct locations for the arid, rain and tropical forest institutes respectively. The Himalayan Forest Research Institute is located in Shimla, not Dehradun. Therefore three of the four pairs are correct.
Q36. Neeraja Prabhakar was nominated chairperson of the Research Advisory Committee of which institute in 2023?
[RPF Sub-Inspector, 12 December 2024 (Shift 1) | 2024]
(A) Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi
(B) Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar
(C) Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai
(D) National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
Answer: (A) Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi
Explanation: ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research is located at Pedavegi in Andhra Pradesh. It undertakes research on oil-palm cultivation and productivity. Its advisory committee helps guide scientific priorities, linking research programmes with agricultural needs.
Q35. In which city is the Central Institute of Fisheries Education located?
[Bihar D.El.Ed, 3 April 2024 (Shift 2) | 2024]
(A) Kolkata
(B) Jamnagar
(C) Cuttack
(D) Mumbai
Answer: (D) Mumbai
Explanation: ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It provides higher education and research in fisheries science, aquatic resources and aquaculture. It is distinct from the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, which is headquartered in Kochi.
Q34. Where is the main campus of the Physical Research Laboratory situated?
[UP Police Constable, 18 February 2024 (Shift 1) | 2024]
(A) Mysuru
(B) Pune
(C) Ahmedabad
(D) Bengaluru
Answer: (C) Ahmedabad
Explanation: The Physical Research Laboratory was founded by Vikram Sarabhai in Ahmedabad. It studies planetary science, astrophysics, space and atmospheric science, geoscience and theoretical physics. The Ahmedabad campus is associated with the early development of India’s space-science research.
Q33. In which city is the Central Institute for Cotton Research located?
[CCI Junior Commercial Executive, 2024 | 2024]
(A) Barrackpore
(B) Mumbai
(C) Pune
(D) Nagpur
Answer: (D) Nagpur
Explanation: ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research has its headquarters in Nagpur, Maharashtra. It focuses on cotton production, breeding and crop protection. This institution should not be confused with the cotton-technology institute located in Mumbai, which concentrates on post-harvest processing.
Q32. Where is the National Institute of Virology situated?
[UP Police Constable, 18 February 2024 (Shift 2) | 2024]
(A) Bengaluru
(B) Pune
(C) New Delhi
(D) Mysuru
Answer: (B) Pune
Explanation: The National Institute of Virology is headquartered in Pune, Maharashtra, and operates within the ICMR network. It specialises in viral diseases, surveillance, diagnostics and related research. It originated as the Virus Research Centre before acquiring its present name.
Q31. How many pairs are correctly matched:
CREST–Hosakote;
Solar Observatory–Kodaikanal;
Radio Observatory–Gauribidanur?
[HPSC Preliminary Examination, 11 February 2024 | 2024]
(A) Only one
(B) Only two
(C) All three
(D) None
Answer: (C) All three
Explanation: All three sites are associated with Indian astronomical research. CREST is near Hosakote in Karnataka, the solar observatory is at Kodaikanal in Tamil Nadu, and Gauribidanur in Karnataka hosts radio-astronomy facilities. Their distinct instruments examine different astronomical phenomena.
Q30. Which institution played a leading role in disseminating Green Revolution technologies in India?
[WBCS 2023 Mains (History), 18 August 2024 | 2024]
(A) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(B) Food Corporation of India
(C) NABARD
(D) International Rice Research Institute
Answer: (A) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Explanation: ICAR coordinates agricultural research and extension links across India. During the Green Revolution, scientific institutions contributed improved crop varieties and cultivation knowledge. The Food Corporation of India and NABARD perform different roles in foodgrain procurement and rural financing.
Q29. Which institute–location pair is NOT correctly matched?
[MPPSC State Service Prelims, 17 December 2023 | 2023]
(A) Aryabhatta Research Institute — Nainital
(B) College of Defence Management — Secunderabad
(C) Central Institute of Indian Languages — Mumbai
(D) Indian Institute of Science — Bengaluru
Answer: (C) Central Institute of Indian Languages — Mumbai
Explanation: The Central Institute of Indian Languages is based in Mysuru, Karnataka, not Mumbai. The other pairs match their listed cities. The language institute carries out research and training related to Indian languages, literacy and linguistic diversity.
Q28. In which state is the Central Arid Zone Research Institute located?
[MP Police Constable, 12 September 2023 (Shift 2) | 2023]
(A) Haryana
(B) Rajasthan
(C) Punjab
(D) Karnataka
Answer: (B) Rajasthan
Explanation: CAZRI is located in Jodhpur in Rajasthan. Its core work addresses dryland farming, natural-resource conservation and environmental problems of arid regions. Research generated there is particularly useful for managing the difficult climatic conditions of the Thar Desert.
Q27. Where is the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute located?
[MP Police Constable, 5 September 2023 (Shift 2) | 2023]
(A) Nagpur
(B) Kanpur
(C) New Delhi
(D) Indore
Answer: (A) Nagpur
Explanation: The CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute is based in Nagpur, Maharashtra. It conducts environmental research on pollution control, water treatment and waste-management technologies. This makes Nagpur a frequently tested location among India’s specialised scientific research centres.
Q26. In which year was the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, established as the Imperial Forest Research Institute?
[SSC Selection Post Graduate Level, 28 June 2023 (Shift 3) | 2023]
(A) 1905
(B) 1908
(C) 1907
(D) 1906
Answer: (D) 1906
Explanation: Forest research in Dehradun evolved from earlier forestry schools. The Imperial Forest Research Institute was formed in 1906 and became a major centre for forestry science and training. The date is important because several examinations distinguish earlier schools from the institute.
Q25. Where is the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, associated with the Green Revolution, located?
[SSC CGL Tier I, 17 July 2023 (Shift 3) | 2023]
(A) Mumbai
(B) Ludhiana
(C) New Delhi
(D) Patna
Answer: (C) New Delhi
Explanation: Indian Agricultural Research Institute is located at Pusa in New Delhi. It was initially established in Bihar and shifted after the 1934 earthquake. IARI played a major role in agricultural research and helped support India’s Green Revolution.
Q24. Which institute signed an agreement with the Indian Navy to develop secure maritime communication using quantum technologies?
[SSC CHSL, 11 August 2023 (Shift 1), memory-based paper | 2023]
(A) Indian Institute of Science
(B) Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
(C) Raman Research Institute
(D) S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
Answer: (C) Raman Research Institute
Explanation: Raman Research Institute in Bengaluru collaborated with the Indian Navy on quantum communication research. Its Quantum Information and Computing group works on quantum-based methods that can strengthen communication security. The institute was founded by physicist C. V. Raman.
Q23. Match the headquarters:
Central Institute for Arid Horticulture;
Central Institute for Cotton Research;
National Rice Research Institute;
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research.
[SSC CGL 2022 Tier II, 6 March 2023 | 2023]
(A) Bikaner; Nagpur; Cuttack; Bengaluru
(B) Bikaner; Nagpur; Bengaluru; Cuttack
(C) Bengaluru; Cuttack; Bikaner; Nagpur
(D) Bengaluru; Cuttack; Nagpur; Bikaner
Answer: (A) Bikaner; Nagpur; Cuttack; Bengaluru
Explanation: All four locations are correct in the first option. The institutes are headquartered respectively at Bikaner in Rajasthan, Nagpur in Maharashtra, Cuttack in Odisha and Bengaluru in Karnataka. Understanding these pairings is useful for geography-based institution questions.
Q22. A BARC study reported in March 2023 found unusually high natural background radiation in parts of which state?
[SSC CHSL 2022 Tier II, 26 June 2023 (Shift 1) | 2023]
(A) Himachal Pradesh
(B) Rajasthan
(C) Kerala
(D) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: (C) Kerala
Explanation: The cited Bhabha Atomic Research Centre study identified higher background-radiation measurements in parts of Kerala, especially mineral-sand coastal areas. Naturally occurring radioactive minerals can influence local background radiation. BARC conducts nuclear and radiological research from its Mumbai facilities.
Q21. Who became the first woman Director-General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in August 2022?
[SSC GD 2022 cycle, 12 January 2023 (Shift 1) | 2023]
(A) Navjit Kaur Brar
(B) Apeksha Fernandes
(C) Nallathamby Kalaiselvi
(D) Savitri Jindal
Answer: (C) Nallathamby Kalaiselvi
Explanation: Nallathamby Kalaiselvi, a scientist associated with the Central Electrochemical Research Institute, became the first woman to head CSIR. CSIR administers a national laboratory network covering fields such as materials, chemistry, engineering, energy and environmental sciences.
Q20. Which scientific institution maintains the official time standard of India?
[UPSSSC PET, 29 October 2023 (Shift 2) | 2023]
(A) Physical Research Laboratory
(B) Indian Space Research Organisation
(C) Indian National Science Academy
(D) CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
Answer: (D) CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
Explanation: The National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi maintains and disseminates Indian Standard Time using precise atomic timekeeping. As India’s national metrology institution, it also supports scientific standards for measurement, calibration and traceability in research and industry.
Q19. Where are the headquarters of the National Institute of Oceanography located?
[UPSSSC PET, 28 October 2023 (Shift 2) | 2023]
(A) Kochi, Kerala
(B) Dona Paula, Goa
(C) Mumbai, Maharashtra
(D) Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Answer: (B) Dona Paula, Goa
Explanation: The CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography has its headquarters at Dona Paula, Goa. It also maintains regional centres in other coastal cities. Its work covers ocean processes, marine resources and the interactions between ocean conditions and climate.
Q18. Where is the Tea Research Centre in Assam located?
[WBCS Executive Prelims, 2023 | 2023]
(A) Guwahati
(B) Jorhat
(C) Tezpur
(D) Digboi
Answer: (B) Jorhat
Explanation: The Tocklai Tea Research Institute is located in Jorhat, Assam. It is one of the oldest institutions devoted to tea science, studying tea cultivation, plant improvement, soil, pests and processing. Assam’s tea-growing landscape makes Jorhat a significant research centre.
Q17. Where is India’s central coffee research centre located?
[WBCS Executive Prelims, 2023 | 2023]
(A) Munnar
(B) Kurnool
(C) Chikmagalur
(D) Mysuru
Answer: (C) Chikmagalur
Explanation: The Central Coffee Research Institute is near Balehonnur in the Chikkamagaluru district of Karnataka. It investigates coffee agronomy, crop improvement, pests and post-harvest practices. Karnataka’s Western Ghats contain major coffee-growing zones suited to this research.
Q16. Where is the Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology situated?
[Rajasthan RAS Prelims, 2023 | 2023]
(A) Thiruvananthapuram
(B) Faridabad
(C) Jodhpur
(D) New Delhi
Answer: (A) Thiruvananthapuram
Explanation: The Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology is based in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. It is an autonomous research institution under the Department of Biotechnology. Its research covers molecular biology, disease mechanisms and biotechnology applications in health and other sectors.
Q15. Where is the Raman Research Institute located?
[APSSB CSLE, 26 November 2023 | 2023]
(A) Delhi
(B) Ahmedabad
(C) Bengaluru
(D) Mumbai
Answer: (C) Bengaluru
Explanation: The Raman Research Institute is situated in Bengaluru, Karnataka. Nobel laureate C. V. Raman founded it in 1948. The institute conducts research in subjects including astronomy, astrophysics, light, matter and theoretical physics.
Q14. In which city was the second Indian Rice Congress inaugurated by the President of India in February 2023?
[RPSC EO-RO, 14 May 2023 (Shift 2) | 2023]
(A) Cuttack
(B) Chennai
(C) Chandigarh
(D) Jalandhar
Answer: (A) Cuttack
Explanation: The second Indian Rice Congress took place in Cuttack, Odisha, at the National Rice Research Institute. The event brought together researchers and stakeholders concerned with rice science, farming technology and food security, highlighting Cuttack’s national role in rice research.
Q13. Which scientist from the Physical Research Laboratory led a team that discovered an unusually dense Jupiter-sized exoplanet in 2023?
[DDA Patwari, 20 August 2023 (Shift 1) | 2023]
(A) Deepanvita Dutta
(B) J. B. Singh
(C) Abhijit Chakraborty
(D) Gagan Mohanty
Answer: (C) Abhijit Chakraborty
Explanation: Abhijit Chakraborty of the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, was associated with the exoplanet discovery. PRL conducts space and astronomical research, including observation and analysis of planets outside the Solar System. Exoplanet studies help explain planetary formation.
Q12. Which institute was founded on 1 June 1945 with Tata Trust support and first operated from the IISc campus before moving to Bombay?
[RRB Group D, 26 September 2022 (Shift 3) | 2022]
(A) Shavak Nanavati Technical Institute
(B) National Institute of Advanced Studies
(C) Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
(D) Tata Institute of Social Sciences
Answer: (C) Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Explanation: The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research began in 1945 through the efforts of Homi J. Bhabha and support from the Tata Trust. Its main campus is in Mumbai. TIFR undertakes fundamental research across mathematics, physics, biology and other sciences.
Q11. Where is the headquarters of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research?
[SSC CGL Tier I, 7 December 2022 (Shift 3) | 2022]
(A) Amritsar
(B) Surat
(C) Lucknow
(D) New Delhi
Answer: (D) New Delhi
Explanation: The Indian Council of Agricultural Research is headquartered in New Delhi. It was established in 1929 as the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research. ICAR now coordinates agricultural research and education across an extensive network of specialised institutes.
Q10. Where is the National Dairy Research Institute located?
[SSC CGL Tier I, 13 December 2022 (Shift 3) | 2022]
(A) Karnal
(B) Anand
(C) Lucknow
(D) Palampur
Answer: (A) Karnal
Explanation: ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute is located in Karnal, Haryana. The organisation originated in Bengaluru in the 1920s and shifted its headquarters to Karnal in 1955. It supports research and education in dairying, animal science and milk technology.
Q9. In which city is the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology located?
[RRB Group D, 14 September 2022 (Shift 2) | 2022]
(A) Pune
(B) Kochi
(C) Delhi
(D) Mumbai
Answer: (A) Pune
Explanation: The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology operates from Pune, Maharashtra. It studies the Indian monsoon, tropical atmospheric processes, climate variability and meteorological prediction. Its location is frequently asked in competitive examinations on Indian research institutions.
Q8. Where is the Indian Institute of Pulses Research situated?
[UPPSC Staff Nurse, 10 April 2022 | 2022]
(A) Jhansi
(B) Kanpur
(C) Lucknow
(D) Varanasi
Answer: (B) Kanpur
Explanation: ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research is headquartered in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. It investigates the improvement and production of pulse crops, which are crucial for protein supply and soil fertility. The institute carries out both applied and strategic agricultural research.
Q7. Where is the Central Rice Research Institute located?
[WBCS Preliminary Examination, 22 August 2021 | 2021]
(A) Cuttack
(B) Dhanbad
(C) Kanpur
(D) Coimbatore
Answer: (A) Cuttack
Explanation: The rice research institute is situated in Cuttack, Odisha, and is now called ICAR-National Rice Research Institute. It studies rice production, improvement and resilience. Its location in eastern India corresponds to a major rice-growing agricultural region.
Q6. With reference to climate-smart agriculture, consider:
(1) climate-smart villages form part of a CCAFS research programme;
(2) CGIAR is headquartered in France;
(3) ICRISAT in India is a CGIAR research centre.
Which are correct?
[UPSC CSE Prelims General Studies, 10 October 2021 | 2021]
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: All three statements were treated as correct in this UPSC question. CCAFS promoted climate-resilient agriculture, CGIAR has a global research partnership linked to Montpellier in France, and Hyderabad-based ICRISAT conducts research suited to semi-arid agriculture.
Q5. Where is the Physical Research Laboratory, a national institution for space and allied sciences, situated?
[RRB NTPC CBT I, 5 April 2021 (Shift 2) | 2021]
(A) Thiruvananthapuram
(B) Bengaluru
(C) Hyderabad
(D) Ahmedabad
Answer: (D) Ahmedabad
Explanation: The Physical Research Laboratory is headquartered in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, and was founded by Vikram Sarabhai in 1947. It studies planetary science, the atmosphere, astrophysics and space science. The location is closely associated with India’s early space programme.
Q4. Where is the Arid Forest Research Institute located?
[SSC CGL, 6 March 2020 (Shift 2) | 2020]
(A) Jaipur
(B) Jodhpur
(C) Dehradun
(D) Ahmedabad
Answer: (B) Jodhpur
Explanation: The Arid Forest Research Institute is in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. It investigates forestry, biodiversity and land restoration in dry landscapes. It is distinct from the Forest Research Institute in Dehradun and from CAZRI, although both Jodhpur institutions address arid regions.
Q3. In which city is the National Institute of Nutrition located?
[SSC CHSL, 2 July 2019 (Shift 3) | 2019]
(A) Hyderabad
(B) Indore
(C) Shillong
(D) Mumbai
Answer: (A) Hyderabad
Explanation: The ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition is based in Hyderabad, Telangana. It grew from early nutrition research begun in 1918. Its work includes dietary assessment, malnutrition, public-health nutrition and nutritional science relevant to Indian populations.
Q2. Which Indian research station is located in Antarctica?
[MPSC Group C Combined Examination, 2018 | 2018]
(A) Aryabhatta
(B) Rohini
(C) Indira Point
(D) Maitri
Answer: (D) Maitri
Explanation: Maitri is an Indian research station in Antarctica, established in the late 1980s in the Schirmacher Oasis. It supports polar scientific observations. India has also operated Dakshin Gangotri and Bharati, making Antarctic research an important extension of Indian scientific geography.
Q1. Where is the Indian Veterinary Research Institute located?
[UPPSC Civil Services Prelims, 2016 | 2016]
(A) Bareilly
(B) Mathura
(C) Karnal
(D) Patna
Answer: (A) Bareilly
Explanation: The Indian Veterinary Research Institute’s main campus is at Izatnagar in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. It undertakes research on animal health, veterinary science and infectious diseases. Its institutional origins date to the late nineteenth century.