Freedom Fighters of India and Their Contribution

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Q170. Who founded the Indian Association, an early nationalist political organization established in 1876?

[WBCS 2023 Mains History Paper III (Held 18 August 2024)]

1. A. Aurobindo Ghosh
2. B. Surendranath Banerjee
3. C. Bipin Chandra Pal
4. D. Surya Sen

Answer: B. Surendranath Banerjee

Explanation: Surendranath Banerjee co-founded the Indian Association with Ananda Mohan Bose in Calcutta in 1876. It encouraged political education, organized agitation against discriminatory policies and helped prepare the ground for a wider all-India nationalist movement.

Q169. Which author–book pairing is correctly matched?

[WBCS 2023 Mains History Paper III (Held 18 August 2024)]

1. A. Nehru — Ghare Baire
2. B. Naoroji — Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
3. C. Tagore — Anandamath
4. D. Bankim Chattopadhyay — The Discovery of India

Answer: B. Naoroji — Poverty and Un-British Rule in India

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji wrote Poverty and Un-British Rule in India. Tagore wrote Ghare Baire, Bankim wrote Anandamath and Jawaharlal Nehru wrote The Discovery of India, making the Naoroji pairing the only correct option.

Q168. The famous trials of officers of the Indian National Army at Delhi’s Red Fort began in which year?

[Bihar TRE 3.0 Primary Teacher (20 July 2024)]

1. A. 1945
2. B. 1946
3. C. 1944
4. D. More than one of these

Answer: A. 1945

Explanation: The first major INA court-martial began at the Red Fort in November 1945. The defence of the accused attracted wide public support and contributed to rising pressure on British colonial authorities.

Q167. In which year or years did Subhas Chandra Bose serve as president of the Indian National Congress?

[Bihar TRE 3.0 Social Science (19 July 2024)]

1. A. 1938
2. B. 1939
3. C. 1937
4. D. More than one of the above

Answer: D. More than one of the above

Explanation: Bose chaired the Haripura session in 1938 and was re-elected at Tripuri in 1939. Political disputes then compelled his resignation, after which he founded the Forward Bloc to rally more militant nationalist opinion.

Q166. Where was the Azad Hind Fauj initially formed?

[UKPSC Upper PCS Prelims (14 July 2024)]

1. A. India
2. B. Singapore
3. C. Japan
4. D. Germany

Answer: B. Singapore

Explanation: Captain Mohan Singh organized the first INA at Singapore in 1942 following the Japanese military advance. Bose took over its leadership in 1943 and established the Provisional Government of Free India.

Q165. Who among these was a major leader of the Indian National Army?

[SSC CHSL Tier-I (2 July 2024, Shift 1)]

1. A. Abanindranath Tagore
2. B. Rabindranath Tagore
3. C. Subhas Chandra Bose
4. D. Chittaranjan Das

Answer: C. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose took command of the INA in Southeast Asia in 1943. The force attempted an armed liberation campaign against British rule and became a potent nationalist symbol during the later Red Fort trials.

Q164. Who was arrested on 31 October 1940 for offering Individual Satyagraha against India’s involvement in World War II?

[SSC CHSL Tier-I (1 July 2024, Shift 4)]

1. A. Subhas Chandra Bose
2. B. Vallabhbhai Patel
3. C. Saifuddin Kitchlew
4. D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru offered Individual Satyagraha against the British government’s unilateral decision to involve India in the war and was arrested in October 1940. Gandhi had selected Vinoba Bhave as the first individual satyagrahi.

Q163. Under whose presidency did the Indian National Congress formally adopt the Swadeshi call at its Banaras session of 1905?

[SSC CPO Paper I (29 June 2024, Shift 1)]

1. A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
2. B. Jawaharlal Nehru
3. C. Rajendra Prasad
4. D. Motilal Nehru

Answer: A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: Gopal Krishna Gokhale presided over the Banaras session in December 1905. Amid protests against Bengal’s partition, the Congress backed the use of Indian-made goods. Gokhale belonged to the moderate nationalist tradition and preferred constitutional political methods.

Q162. Which freedom fighter is credited with designing a precursor of India’s present national flag?

[SSC Selection Post Graduate Level (26 June 2024, Shift 4)]

1. A. B. N. Rau
2. B. K. M. Munshi
3. C. Pingali Venkayya
4. D. Prem Behari Narain Raizada

Answer: C. Pingali Venkayya

Explanation: Pingali Venkayya developed nationalist flag designs that contributed to the form of India’s present tricolour. The Constituent Assembly adopted the final national flag, with the Ashoka Chakra, on 22 July 1947.

Q161. Which Indian nationalist raised a flag in Germany in 1907?

[SSC Selection Post Graduate Level (24 June 2024, Shift 3)]

1. A. Sarojini Naidu
2. B. Annie Besant
3. C. Sucheta Kripalani
4. D. Bhikaji Cama

Answer: D. Bhikaji Cama

Explanation: Bhikaji Cama displayed an early Indian nationalist flag at the Stuttgart International Socialist Congress in 1907. Her activism abroad helped publicize the independence demand and connected Indian revolutionaries with international political networks.