Q140. The Bahmani Sultanate was founded while which Delhi Sultan was ruling?
[Delhi Police Constable, 2023]
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
C. Firoz Tughlaq
D. Balban
Answer: B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Explanation: The Bahmani kingdom emerged in 1347 amid widespread provincial revolts during Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign, demonstrating weakening Delhi authority in the Deccan.
Q139. Which was the first Afghan dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate?
[Delhi Police Constable, 2023]
A. Khalji
B. Tughlaq
C. Lodi
D. Mamluk
Answer: C. Lodi
Explanation: Bahlul Lodi established Afghan rule at Delhi in 1451. The dynasty remained in power until Ibrahim Lodi’s defeat in 1526.
Q138. Siri was established primarily as a military-political centre by which Sultan?
[Delhi Police Constable, 2023]
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Balban
C. Iltutmish
D. Ibrahim Lodi
Answer: A. Alauddin Khalji
Explanation: Alauddin developed Siri as a fortified royal and military centre at a time when repeated Mongol invasions posed a serious threat to Delhi.
Q137. Which Sultan introduced Sijda and Paibos as regular court practices?
[SSC CGL, 2023]
A. Iltutmish
B. Balban
C. Alauddin Khalji
D. Firoz Tughlaq
Answer: B. Balban
Explanation: These ceremonial practices were part of Balban’s attempt to enhance the throne’s prestige and enforce strict hierarchical discipline among the aristocracy.
Q136. Which dynasty had the shortest period of rule among the major Delhi Sultanate dynasties?
[Bihar Vidhan Parishad DEO, 2023]
A. Mamluk
B. Khalji
C. Tughlaq
D. Lodi
Answer: B. Khalji
Explanation: The Khaljis ruled from 1290 to 1320, roughly thirty years, substantially less than the Mamluk, Tughlaq or Lodi periods.
Q135. Who succeeded Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq?
[SSC MTS, 2023]
A. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
C. Nasiruddin Mahmud
D. Abu Bakr Shah
Answer: B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Explanation: Ghiyasuddin died in 1325. His son Jauna Khan ascended the throne as Muhammad bin Tughlaq and ruled until 1351.
Q134. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq’s concessions to Khuts and Muqaddams primarily represented which policy?
[EMRS PGT History, 2023]
A. Complete abolition of land revenue
B. Moderation after Alauddin’s severe controls
C. Destruction of provincial elites
D. Afghan tribal government
Answer: B. Moderation after Alauddin’s severe controls
Explanation: Ghiyasuddin relaxed some of Alauddin’s harsh fiscal controls, seeking a more balanced relationship with local landed intermediaries while retaining central political authority.
Q133. Under Alauddin Khalji, what happened to the fiscal privileges of powerful rural chiefs?
[CTET Social Science, 2023]
A. They were greatly strengthened
B. Their fiscal privileges were curtailed and they became taxable
C. They became independent rulers
D. They received hereditary sovereignty
Answer: B. Their fiscal privileges were curtailed and they became taxable
Explanation: Alauddin aimed to weaken local elites who could challenge the state, bringing revenue assessment and collection more directly under central supervision.
Q132. Consider the following about Mongol invasions:
(1) The first Mongol invasion occurred under Jalaluddin Khalji;
(2) Mongols besieged Delhi under Alauddin;
(3) Muhammad bin Tughlaq temporarily lost north-western territories to Mongols. Which is correct?
[UPSC CSE Prelims, 2022]
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 3 only
Answer: B. 2 only
Explanation: The first major Mongol appearance occurred much earlier during Iltutmish’s reign. Delhi was indeed threatened and besieged during Alauddin Khalji’s reign.
Q131. Choose the correct chronological order of these Delhi Sultanate dynasties.
[WBCS Prelims, 2022]
A. Lodi → Mamluk → Tughlaq → Khalji
B. Mamluk → Khalji → Tughlaq → Lodi
C. Tughlaq → Khalji → Lodi → Mamluk
D. Khalji → Lodi → Tughlaq → Mamluk
Answer: B. Mamluk → Khalji → Tughlaq → Lodi
Explanation: The complete sequence was Mamluk, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid and Lodi. Among the dynasties listed, option B gives the correct chronological order.
