Q160. Who founded the Tughlaq dynasty in 1320?
[IB Security Assistant, 2025]
A. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
C. Firoz Tughlaq
D. Khizr Khan
Answer: A. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Explanation: Ghazi Malik defeated Khusrau Shah and ascended the throne as Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, inaugurating a dynasty that ruled Delhi for nearly a century.
Q159. Who founded the Mamluk or Slave dynasty at Delhi?
[IB Security Assistant, 2025]
A. Iltutmish
B. Qutbuddin Aibak
C. Balban
D. Jalaluddin Khalji
Answer: B. Qutbuddin Aibak
Explanation: After Muhammad Ghori’s death in 1206, his former slave-general Qutbuddin Aibak established independent authority in India and founded the Mamluk dynasty.
Q158. Who systematically organised the Iqta system in the early Delhi Sultanate?
[IB Security Assistant, 2025]
A. Iltutmish
B. Ibrahim Lodi
C. Mubarak Khalji
D. Khusrau Khan
Answer: A. Iltutmish
Explanation: Iltutmish distributed territories as iqtas to officers, creating an administrative mechanism that supported provincial governance, revenue collection and military obligations.
Q157. Among Balban, Alauddin Khalji, Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Bahlul Lodi, who had the longest reign?
[71st BPSC Preliminary, 2025]
A. Balban
B. Alauddin Khalji
C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D. Bahlul Lodi
Answer: D. Bahlul Lodi
Explanation: Bahlul ruled from 1451 to 1489, about thirty-eight years, making his reign longer than those of the other rulers listed.
Q156. Which Sultan strongly associated himself with the concept of Zil-i-Ilahi, the “Shadow of God”?
[70th BPSC Re-exam, 2025]
A. Balban
B. Qutbuddin Aibak
C. Ibrahim Lodi
D. Jalaluddin Khalji
Answer: A. Balban
Explanation: Balban used exalted Persian ideas of kingship to enhance royal prestige and subordinate powerful Turkish nobles to a disciplined, centralised monarchy.
Q155. Which is the correct chronological sequence?
[SSC CGL, 2025]
A. Razia → Aibak → Balban → Iltutmish
B. Aibak → Iltutmish → Razia → Balban
C. Balban → Razia → Aibak → Iltutmish
D. Iltutmish → Aibak → Balban → Razia
Answer: B. Aibak → Iltutmish → Razia → Balban
Explanation: These rulers belong to the Mamluk period: Aibak founded the dynasty, Iltutmish consolidated it, Razia succeeded later, and Balban ruled near its end.
Q154. Consider: Alauddin Khalji pursued military expansion; Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s Delhi-Daulatabad capital-transfer project ultimately failed. Which is correct?
[SSC Selection Post Graduate Level, 2025]
A. Only first
B. Only second
C. Both
D. Neither
Answer: C. Both
Explanation: Alauddin expanded aggressively across northern India and the Deccan, while Muhammad’s compulsory transfer to Daulatabad caused severe difficulties and was eventually reversed.
Q153. The expedition against Bhilsa in the 1290s is associated with which Sultan?
[RRB NTPC Graduate, 2025]
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Balban
C. Ibrahim Lodi
D. Firoz Tughlaq
Answer: A. Alauddin Khalji
Explanation: While still serving Jalaluddin Khalji, Alauddin’s successful Bhilsa raid enhanced his military reputation and helped finance his growing political ambitions.
Q152. Who was ruling Delhi when Timur invaded India in 1398?
[DSSSB TGT, 2025]
A. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
B. Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah Tughlaq
C. Firoz Tughlaq
D. Khizr Khan
Answer: B. Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah Tughlaq
Explanation: Timur attacked during the weakened reign of Nasiruddin Mahmud. The invasion devastated Delhi and accelerated the political disintegration of Tughlaq authority.
Q151. Razia Sultan’s reign lasted approximately from:
[DSSSB Assistant Section Officer, 2025]
A. 1206–1210
B. 1211–1236
C. 1236–1240
D. 1266–1287
Answer: C. 1236–1240
Explanation: Razia succeeded after Iltutmish’s death and the short reign of Ruknuddin. Noble opposition eventually removed her from power in 1240.
