Q80. Which Sultan raised the state’s land-revenue demand to roughly half the produce in important crown territories?
[Jharkhand Civil Services, 2015]
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Balban
C. Firoz Tughlaq
D. Ibrahim Lodi
Answer: A. Alauddin Khalji
Explanation: Alauddin’s heavy agrarian taxation was intended to finance the army and weaken wealthy rural intermediaries capable of challenging central authority.
Q79. The Battle of Khatoli was fought between Ibrahim Lodi and:
[RPSC 2nd Grade, 2015]
A. Babur
B. Rana Sanga
C. Sher Shah
D. Medini Rai
Answer: B. Rana Sanga
Explanation: Rana Sanga of Mewar defeated Ibrahim Lodi at Khatoli, illustrating the Lodi Sultan’s mounting political and military difficulties before Babur’s invasion.
Q78. Which Sultan is especially associated with systematic market reforms?
[MPPSC Prelims, 2014]
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Balban
C. Ibrahim Lodi
D. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Answer: A. Alauddin Khalji
Explanation: Alauddin imposed detailed controls on prices, supplies, merchants and markets to sustain his large standing army and strengthen central government.
Q77. Which Sultan described himself as the Naib or representative of the Caliph in an inscription?
[UP RO/ARO Mains, 2014]
A. Balban
B. Ibrahim Lodi
C. Jalaluddin Khalji
D. Mubarak Khalji
Answer: A. Balban
Explanation: Balban combined formal respect for the Caliphate with an extremely exalted concept of independent monarchical authority within his own dominions.
Q76. After Alauddin Khalji’s campaigns, which river broadly marked an important north-western defensive frontier against Mongol pressure?
[UPPCS Prelims, 2014]
A. Ravi
B. Narmada
C. Godavari
D. Kaveri
Answer: A. Ravi
Explanation: Alauddin’s successful frontier defence and repeated victories over Mongol forces strengthened Sultanate control in Punjab up toward the Ravi region.
Q75. What was the land-measurement system prominently used under Alauddin Khalji called?
[Allahabad High Court Group C, 2014]
A. Masahat
B. Iqta
C. Khams
D. Paibos
Answer: A. Masahat
Explanation: Measurement of cultivated land strengthened the state’s capacity to assess revenue directly and reduced dependence on powerful intermediary chiefs.
Q74. Who founded the Lodi dynasty?
[Allahabad High Court Group C, 2014]
A. Sikandar Lodi
B. Ibrahim Lodi
C. Bahlul Lodi
D. Khizr Khan
Answer: C. Bahlul Lodi
Explanation: Bahlul became Sultan in 1451 and gradually expanded Afghan political control, notably defeating and absorbing the Sharqi kingdom of Jaunpur.
Q73. Which converted Indian Muslim briefly seized the throne immediately before the foundation of the Tughlaq dynasty?
[Allahabad High Court Group C, 2014]
A. Khusrau Khan
B. Malik Kafur
C. Zafar Khan
D. Bughra Khan
Answer: A. Khusrau Khan
Explanation: Khusrau Khan overthrew Mubarak Shah Khalji in 1320 but was soon defeated by Ghazi Malik, who founded the Tughlaq dynasty.
Q72. Dar-ul-Shafa established by Firoz Shah Tughlaq was a:
[UPPCS Prelims, 2013]
A. Military headquarters
B. Free hospital
C. Treasury
D. Provincial court
Answer: B. Free hospital
Explanation: Firoz expanded state welfare institutions as part of his conciliatory administrative style, which differed considerably from Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s more coercive experiments.
Q71. Which Sultan first secured formal investiture from the Abbasid Caliph?
[Rajasthan PTET, 2013]
A. Iltutmish
B. Balban
C. Alauddin Khalji
D. Firoz Tughlaq
Answer: A. Iltutmish
Explanation: Abbasid recognition strengthened Iltutmish’s political legitimacy and helped distinguish his sovereignty from rival Turkish claimants in northern India.
