Q180. Which interpretation best characterises Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign?
[UP PGT History, 2026]
A. Complete absence of innovation
B. Intellectual ambition combined with impractical execution
C. No territorial ambition
D. Purely conservative government
Answer: B. Intellectual ambition combined with impractical execution
Explanation: Muhammad conceived unusually ambitious fiscal, military and administrative experiments, but several failed because of excessive scale, inadequate planning and weak implementation.
Q179. Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s administrative experiments are best described as:
[UP PGT History, 2026]
A. Innovative but frequently inadequately prepared
B. Entirely traditional and cautious
C. Confined only to religion
D. Limited to architectural projects
Answer: A. Innovative but frequently inadequately prepared
Explanation: Capital transfer, token currency, Doab taxation and ambitious military plans illustrate innovative statecraft whose implementation often produced serious political and administrative difficulties.
Q178. Which statement best describes Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq’s political role?
[UP PGT History, 2026]
A. He restored order and strengthened central authority after Khalji instability
B. He dissolved the Sultanate
C. He surrendered Delhi to the Mongols
D. He eliminated provincial administration
Answer: A. He restored order and strengthened central authority after Khalji instability
Explanation: Ghiyasuddin emerged after Khusrau Khan’s brief regime and worked to restore administrative discipline, secure the frontiers and reconstruct central political authority.
Q177. How did Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s political approach differ from Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s?
[UP PGT History, 2026]
A. Greater conciliation and hereditary concessions to officials
B. Greater centralisation against every noble
C. Constant southern conquest
D. Abolition of iqtas
Answer: A. Greater conciliation and hereditary concessions to officials
Explanation: Firoz adopted a conciliatory policy toward nobles and officials and permitted hereditary tendencies in offices and assignments, which reduced conflict but weakened central control.
Q176. Which Sultan attempted to shift the imperial capital from Delhi to Daulatabad?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, 2026]
A. Balban
B. Alauddin Khalji
C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Answer: C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Explanation: Muhammad bin Tughlaq ordered the transfer to strategically located Daulatabad, partly to improve control over the Deccan, but eventually reversed the controversial measure.
Q175. Who founded the Lodi dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate?
[SSC GD Constable, 2026]
A. Sikandar Lodi
B. Ibrahim Lodi
C. Bahlul Lodi
D. Daulat Khan Lodi
Answer: C. Bahlul Lodi
Explanation: Bahlul Lodi took Delhi in 1451 after the Sayyid ruler Alam Shah withdrew, beginning the first Afghan ruling dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
Q174. Who organised the powerful group of Turkish nobles known as Turkan-i-Chahalgani or the Forty?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I, 2026]
A. Qutbuddin Aibak
B. Iltutmish
C. Balban
D. Razia
Answer: B. Iltutmish
Explanation: Iltutmish organised an elite group of leading Turkish slave officers to support the monarchy, although the Forty later became a major influence in succession politics.
Q173. Who was the only woman to rule the Delhi Sultanate as sovereign?
[UP Police SI, 2026]
A. Shah Turkan
B. Nur Jahan
C. Razia Sultan
D. Chand Bibi
Answer: C. Razia Sultan
Explanation: Razia, daughter of Iltutmish, ruled from 1236 to 1240 and attempted to exercise sovereign authority independently of the dominant Turkish nobility.
Q172. Arrange these Mamluk rulers chronologically: Qutbuddin Aibak, Iltutmish and Balban.
[SSC MTS, 2026]
A. Balban → Aibak → Iltutmish
B. Iltutmish → Aibak → Balban
C. Aibak → Iltutmish → Balban
D. Iltutmish → Balban → Aibak
Answer: C. Aibak → Iltutmish → Balban
Explanation: Aibak founded the Mamluk dynasty in 1206, Iltutmish ruled from 1211 to 1236, and Balban became Sultan much later in 1266.
Q171. In which year was Razia removed from the throne of Delhi?
[SSC MTS, 2026]
A. 1236
B. 1240
C. 1246
D. 1266
Answer: B. 1240
Explanation: Razia’s efforts to curb noble dominance provoked opposition. She was deposed in 1240 and was subsequently defeated and killed while attempting to regain Delhi.
