Q50. The Qutub Minar was constructed to commemorate whose victory?
[OSSC CGLRE Mains – 2026]
A. Balban
B. Iltutmish
C. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
D. Alauddin Khalji
Answer: C. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Explanation: Qutb-ud-din Aibak commissioned Qutub Minar after the establishment of Turkish power in northern India. He completed its first storey; Iltutmish subsequently added three more storeys.
Q49. Which of the following was a major military reason behind the construction of Siri Fort?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I – 20 June 2026, Shift 2]
A. To serve as a trading hub for the Songara Rajputs
B. To celebrate Khalji’s victory over the Cholas
C. To house Buddhist monasteries
D. To protect Delhi from Mongol attacks
Answer: D. To protect Delhi from Mongol attacks
Explanation: Alauddin Khalji established Siri as a fortified city around 1303. Its construction was closely associated with strengthening Delhi’s defences against repeated Mongol incursions from Central Asia.
Q48. Which architectural technique was introduced to India during the Sultanate period?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I – 13 June 2026, Shift 3]
A. Slab-and-beam roofing
B. Barrel vaulting
C. Arch-and-dome construction technique
D. Wooden truss construction
Answer: C. Arch-and-dome construction technique
Explanation: Sultanate architecture popularised the arcuate system using arches and domes. Earlier Indian buildings predominantly employed the trabeate principle, where horizontal beams rested on vertical pillars.
Q47. Sultan Garhi, built in 1231–32 as the mausoleum of Nasir-ud-din Mahmud, was constructed by whom?
[UP TGT History – 2026]
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
C. Balban
D. Iltutmish
Answer: D. Iltutmish
Explanation: Iltutmish built Sultan Garhi near Delhi for his eldest son Nasir-ud-din Mahmud. It is generally regarded as one of India’s earliest surviving Islamic mausoleums.
Q46. Which assessment best captures the historical significance of Qutb-ud-din Aibak’s rule?
[UP PGT History – 9 May 2026]
A. Creation of a fully centralised revenue administration
B. Consolidation of Ghurid gains, foundation of Sultanate rule and initiation of new architectural forms
C. Permanent political unification of southern India
D. A reign without any durable architectural legacy
Answer: B. Consolidation of Ghurid gains, foundation of Sultanate rule and initiation of new architectural forms
Explanation: Aibak founded the Mamluk Sultanate and initiated major Indo-Islamic structures, notably Qutub Minar and Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, beginning an important architectural transformation in northern India.
Q45. Arrange the following developments in medieval Indian painting chronologically:
(a) Mughal naturalistic school under Akbar
(b) Development of Sultanate manuscript illustration
(c) Emergence of Rajput court painting traditions
(d) Development of the Pahari school.
[UPHESC Assistant Professor History – 19 April 2026]
A. c-b-a-d
B. a-b-c-d
C. b-a-c-d
D. b-c-a-d
Answer: C. b-a-c-d
Explanation: Sultanate-period manuscript illustration preceded the mature Mughal school. Mughal naturalism under Akbar was followed by expanding Rajput court traditions and, subsequently, distinctive Pahari schools.
Q44. Which Indian monument was originally built as a victory tower by Qutb-ud-din Aibak?
[DSSSB MTS – 19 April 2026, Shift 2]
A. Charminar
B. Qutub Minar
C. Sun Temple, Konark
D. Jama Masjid
Answer: B. Qutub Minar
Explanation: Qutb-ud-din Aibak began Qutub Minar around the end of the twelfth century. The soaring minaret became an enduring symbol of early Indo-Islamic architecture in Delhi.
Q43. Which Delhi monument begun by Qutb-ud-din Aibak is famous for its approximately 73-metre-high minaret of red sandstone?
[DSSSB MTS – 19 April 2026, Shift 2]
A. Qutub Minar
B. Jantar Mantar
C. Red Fort
D. India Gate
Answer: A. Qutub Minar
Explanation: Qutub Minar stands at Mehrauli in Delhi. Aibak initiated it, Iltutmish considerably extended it, and Firoz Shah Tughlaq later repaired and modified its upper portion.
Q42. What is the dominant form of decoration employed in Sultanate buildings?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I – 27 March 2026, Shift 3]
A. Toranas
B. Amalaka
C. Arabesque
D. Kalasha
Answer: C. Arabesque
Explanation: Arabesque uses intertwined floral, vegetal and geometric patterns. Sultanate buildings also employed Quranic calligraphy and geometrical ornamentation extensively instead of relying primarily on figurative decoration.
Q41. Widespread use of which features distinguishes Indo-Islamic/Mughal architecture from the earlier trabeate tradition?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I – 19 March 2026, Shift 1]
A. Corbelled roofs and stepped pyramids
B. Wooden beams and flat ceilings
C. Arches and domes
D. Railings and circular vedikas
Answer: C. Arches and domes
Explanation: The architectural transition began during the Sultanate, when arcuate arches and domes increasingly supplemented the indigenous trabeate beam-and-pillar method and later became central to Mughal architecture.
Q40. Which ruler built Tughlaqabad Fort in 1321?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I – 18 March 2026, Shift 3]
A. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
B. Alauddin Khalji
C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Answer: A. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Explanation: Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founded Tughlaqabad as a fortified capital. Its massive rubble masonry, bastions and sloping defensive walls exemplify the austere, fortress-like character of early Tughlaq architecture.
Q39. Which 13th-century monument dating from around 1193 CE was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I – 18 March 2026, Shift 2]
A. Red Fort
B. Qutub Minar
C. Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid
D. Jama Masjid
Answer: C. Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid
Explanation: Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in the Qutb complex was commissioned by Aibak following the Ghurid conquest. Later rulers, particularly Iltutmish and Alauddin Khalji, enlarged the complex.
Q38. Which was the main mosque of Jahanpanah, the new capital built by Muhammad bin Tughlaq?
[DSSSB PRT – 17 February 2026, Shift 2]
A. Begumpuri Mosque
B. Mecca Masjid
C. Moti Masjid
D. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
Answer: A. Begumpuri Mosque
Explanation: Begumpuri Mosque functioned as Jahanpanah’s principal congregational mosque. Its massive courtyard, imposing entrance and numerous domes represent characteristic features of Tughlaq-period religious architecture.
Q37. Which of the following is a famous historical gateway located at Gaur in West Bengal?
[SSC MTS – 9 February 2026, Shift 2]
A. Dakhil Darwaza
B. Buland Darwaza
C. Rumi Darwaza
D. Alai Darwaza
Answer: A. Dakhil Darwaza
Explanation: Dakhil Darwaza belongs to Bengal’s provincial Sultanate architectural tradition at Gaur. It illustrates how Indo-Islamic architecture developed distinctive regional forms beyond the Delhi Sultanate’s core territory.
Q36. Which Delhi Sultan is credited with completing the major construction of Qutub Minar in the early 13th century?
[Kerala PSC, Archaeology Department – 3 February 2026]
A. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
B. Iltutmish
C. Alauddin Khalji
D. Balban
Answer: B. Iltutmish
Explanation: Aibak completed only the initial portion of Qutub Minar. His successor Iltutmish added three storeys, giving the monument much of its surviving early structural form.
Q35. The earliest phase of Indo-Islamic architecture, associated with increasing use of the arcuate system and true arch, emerged under which Delhi Sultanate dynasty?
[Kerala PSC, Archaeology Department – 3 February 2026]
A. Slave/Mamluk Dynasty
B. Tughlaq Dynasty
C. Mughal Dynasty
D. Lodi Dynasty
Answer: A. Slave/Mamluk Dynasty
Explanation: Early Indo-Islamic experimentation began under Mamluk rulers. Initially indigenous craftsmen often used corbelled techniques, while knowledge of the true arch developed progressively during the Sultanate period.
Q34. What is Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra?
[MP Police SI – 19 January 2026, Shift 2
A. Temple
B. Saints’ huts
C. Mosque
D. Tower
Answer: C. Mosque
Explanation: Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra at Ajmer was adapted into a mosque under Qutb-ud-din Aibak. Its surviving pillars and Islamic arched screen reveal a striking early architectural synthesis.
Q33. Assertion (A): Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra was originally a Sanskrit college built by Vigraharaja IV.
Reason (R): The building is an example of Hindu-Islamic architectural synthesis.
[Rajasthan 3rd Grade PRT Level-I – 17 January 2026, Shift 1]
A. Both A and R are correct, and R correctly explains A
B. Both A and R are correct, but R does not correctly explain A
C. A is correct, but R is incorrect
D. A is incorrect, but R is correct
Answer: B. Both A and R are correct, but R does not correctly explain A
Explanation: The Sanskrit educational complex is associated with Vigraharaja IV and was later adapted into a mosque. Its composite architecture is true, but that fact does not explain its original foundation.
Q32. Which Lodi ruler is credited with founding the city of Agra and introducing the standardised land measure called Sikandari Gaj?
[Delhi Police Head Constable – 12 January 2026, Shift 3]
A. Daulat Khan Lodi
B. Sikandar Lodi
C. Bahlul Lodi
D. Ibrahim Lodi
Answer: B. Sikandar Lodi
Explanation: Sikandar Lodi established Agra as an important urban centre and administrative base. Lodi urban development accompanied architectural innovations such as octagonal tombs, gardens and early double-dome experimentation.
Q31. The Alai Darwaza, the grand gateway of the Qutb complex, was built by which Sultan?
[Delhi Police Constable Executive – 3 January 2026, Shift 2]
A. Iltutmish
B. Balban
C. Alauddin Khalji
D. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Answer: C. Alauddin Khalji
Explanation: Alauddin Khalji commissioned Alai Darwaza in 1311. Its carefully constructed arches, dome, red sandstone, marble decoration and geometric ornament mark a major advance in Indo-Islamic architecture.
Q30. Arrange the following constructions from the oldest to the newest:
I. Alai Darwaza
II. Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra
III. Atala Masjid
IV. Kali Masjid
[UPPCS RO/ARO Prelims – 2026]
A. II, I, IV, III
B. III, I, IV, II
C. I, III, II, IV
D. IV, III, II, I
Answer: A. II, I, IV, III
Explanation: Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra belongs to the late twelfth century, Alai Darwaza to 1311, Kali Masjid to the Tughlaq period, and Atala Masjid was completed in 1408.
Q29. The architectural features of the arch and dome in India were first prominently introduced by which of the following?
[SSC CPO – 11 December 2025, Shift 2]
A. Ghaznavids
B. Delhi Sultanate
C. Rashtrakutas
D. Chalukyas
Answer: B. Delhi Sultanate
Explanation: Sultanate builders progressively established the arcuate architectural system in India. True arches, domes, lime mortar and Islamic geometric decoration increasingly distinguished the new Indo-Islamic architectural tradition.
Q28. Who constructed the city of Tughlaqabad?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I – 2025]
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Answer: D. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Explanation: Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founded Tughlaqabad shortly after establishing the Tughlaq dynasty. The city’s monumental fortification system demonstrates the dynasty’s emphasis on defence, strength and functional architecture.
Q27. Firoz Shah Kotla Fort was built in which year?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I – 2025]
A. 1321
B. 1354
C. 1267
D. 1492
Answer: B. 1354
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq founded Firozabad and constructed Firoz Shah Kotla around 1354. The complex is particularly famous for the Ashokan pillar transported there under his orders.
Q26. Qutub Minar represents which architectural style of the early Sultanate?
[RRB NTPC Graduate – 2025]
A. Sharqi
B. Mamluk
C. Mughal
D. Seljuk
Answer: B. Mamluk
Explanation: Construction began under Mamluk ruler Qutb-ud-din Aibak and continued under Iltutmish. Its fluted shaft, inscriptions and projecting balconies make it a landmark of early Sultanate architecture.
Q25. Which brick-built minaret, approximately 73 metres high, is among India’s best-known medieval towers?
[SSC MTS – 14 November 2024, Shift 3]
A. Minaret of Turin
B. Qutub Minar
C. Minaret of Jam
D. Kalyan Minaret
Answer: B. Qutub Minar
Explanation: Delhi’s Qutub Minar rises about 72.5 metres and consists of five storeys. Different phases of construction reflect contributions by Aibak, Iltutmish and Firoz Shah Tughlaq.
Q24. The Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in Delhi was built by whom?
[APPSC Group-I Prelims – 17 March 2024]
A. Iltutmish
B. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
C. Alauddin Khalji
D. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Answer: B. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Explanation: Aibak commissioned Quwwat-ul-Islam at Delhi’s Qutb complex. It represents the earliest phase of Sultanate architecture and was subsequently enlarged under Iltutmish and Alauddin Khalji.
Q23. Consider the following statements:
- Qutub Minar is a 13th-century, 180-foot-high, five-storeyed structure.
- Chand Minar is a 15th-century, approximately 210-foot-high, four-storeyed structure.
Which is correct?
[Chhattisgarh PSC Prelims – 11 February 2024]
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: B. 2 only
Explanation: Qutub Minar is about 72.5 metres, considerably higher than 180 feet, making Statement 1 incorrect. Chand Minar at Daulatabad is a four-storeyed fifteenth-century tower.
Q22. The tomb of Iltutmish was built in which year?
[SSC CPO – 5 October 2023, Shift 2]
A. 1388
B. 1458
C. 1235
D. 1199
Answer: C. 1235
Explanation: Iltutmish’s tomb in the Qutb complex dates to 1235. Its square chamber contains exceptionally rich Quranic inscriptions, geometric ornament and motifs executed by Indian craftsmen.
Q21. In which city is the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque situated?
[SSC CGL Tier-I – 27 July 2023, Shift 2]
A. Panipat
B. Lahore
C. Ajmer
D. Delhi
Answer: D. Delhi
Explanation: Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque lies inside the Qutb complex at Mehrauli, Delhi. It is among the earliest surviving mosques associated with the establishment of Sultanate authority.
Q20. The double-dome feature was introduced prominently during which Delhi Sultanate dynasty?
[SSC MTS – 20 June 2023, Shift 1]
A. Slave Dynasty
B. Lodi Dynasty
C. Khalji Dynasty
D. Tughlaq Dynasty
Answer: B. Lodi Dynasty
Explanation: Double-dome experimentation became important in late Sultanate tomb architecture, particularly during the Lodi period, helping reconcile an imposing external dome with proportionate interior ceiling height.
Q19. Qutub Minar is an example of which architectural tradition?
[SSC CHSL – 21 March 2023, Shift 2]
A. Indo-Islamic
B. Dravidian
C. Sufi
D. Mauryan
Answer: A. Indo-Islamic
Explanation: Qutub Minar combines Islamic structural and ornamental concepts with the workmanship of Indian craftsmen, making the Qutb complex a formative example of early Indo-Islamic architecture.
Q18. Moth Ki Masjid was constructed during the reign of which ruler?
[SSC GD – 24 January 2023, Shift 3]
A. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
B. Sikandar Lodi
C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D. Bahlul Lodi
Answer: B. Sikandar Lodi
Explanation: Moth Ki Masjid in Delhi was constructed during Sikandar Lodi’s reign by his minister Miyan Bhuwa. It represents the mature mosque architecture of the Lodi period.
Q17. Which of the following structures was NOT built during the Delhi Sultanate period?
[SSC Stenographer – 17 November 2022, Shift 3]
A. Moth Ki Masjid
B. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
C. Alai Darwaza
D. Bibi Ka Maqbara
Answer: D. Bibi Ka Maqbara
Explanation: Bibi Ka Maqbara at Aurangabad belongs to the Mughal period of the seventeenth century. The other three monuments are associated with the Delhi Sultanate architectural tradition.
Q16. The Sanskrit Pathshala at Ajmer later converted into Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra was built by which Chauhan ruler?
[RPSC School Lecturer – 2022]
A. Ajayaraja
B. Arnoraja
C. Vigraharaja IV
D. Prithviraja III
Answer: C. Vigraharaja IV
Explanation: Vigraharaja IV patronised a Sanskrit centre of learning at Ajmer. Following the Turkish conquest, the complex was adapted into the mosque now called Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra.
Q15. Begumpuri Mosque, the main mosque of Jahanpanah, was built during the reign of whom?
[RRB NTPC CBT-II Level 5 – 12 June 2022, Shift 2]
A. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
B. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
C. Ghiyasuddin Balban
D. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Answer: A. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Explanation: Jahanpanah was established by Muhammad bin Tughlaq between older Delhi settlements. Begumpuri Mosque became its principal congregational mosque and illustrates the monumental character of Tughlaq construction.
Q14. Match the following buildings with their builders:
A. Sultan Garhi
B. Red Palace
C. Jamat Khana Masjid
D. Dhai Din Ka Jhonpra
- Alauddin Khalji 2. Qutb-ud-din Aibak 3. Iltutmish 4. Balban
[UPPSC Prelims – 2022]
A. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
B. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
C. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
D. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Answer: A. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
Explanation: Sultan Garhi is attributed to Iltutmish, Balban to the Red Palace, Jamat Khana Mosque to Alauddin’s period and Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra to Aibak.
Q13. Qutub Minar was completed substantially by which Sultan?
[BPSC 67th Prelims – 8 May 2022]
A. Iltutmish
B. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
C. Ulugh Khan
D. Alauddin Khalji
Answer: A. Iltutmish
Explanation: Aibak began Qutub Minar but completed only its initial storey. Iltutmish added three more storeys, while subsequent damage led Firoz Shah Tughlaq to undertake restoration.
Q12. Which monument was constructed by the Khalji dynasty?
[SSC GD – 25 November 2021, Shift 3]
A. Alai Darwaza
B. Bada Gumbad
C. Shish Gumbad
D. Tomb of Safdarjung
Answer: A. Alai Darwaza
Explanation: Alauddin Khalji built Alai Darwaza in 1311 as part of the expansion of the Quwwat-ul-Islam complex. Bada Gumbad and Shish Gumbad belong to the Lodi era.
Q11. What was the large reservoir associated with Iltutmish outside early Delhi known as?
[UP Police SI – 23 November 2021, Shift 2]
A. Ibadat Khana
B. Kharaj
C. Alai Darwaza
D. Hauz-i-Sultani
Answer: D. Hauz-i-Sultani
Explanation: Iltutmish constructed the large reservoir known as Hauz-i-Shamsi or Hauz-i-Sultani. Water-management structures formed an important component of Sultanate urban planning and architectural patronage.
Q10. Qutub Minar was originally four-storeyed. Which Sultan raised its height by adding the fifth storey?
[UPSC CAPF – 8 August 2021]
A. Balban
B. Alauddin Khalji
C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Answer: D. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Explanation: After lightning damaged Qutub Minar’s upper portion, Firoz Shah Tughlaq repaired it and reconstructed the upper levels, resulting in the five-storeyed form seen today.
Q9. Who built the Alai Darwaza?
[WBCS Prelims – 2020]
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Akbar
C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D. Jahangir
Answer: A. Alauddin Khalji
Explanation: Constructed in 1311, Alai Darwaza displays true arches, an accurately constructed dome, decorative marble inlay, latticework and calligraphy, representing a mature stage of Khalji architectural development.
Q8. Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra is situated in which state?
[DSSSB PRT – 14 November 2019, Shift 2]
A. Maharashtra
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Rajasthan
D. Uttar Pradesh
Answer: C. Rajasthan
Explanation: Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra is located at Ajmer in Rajasthan. The monument is particularly important for studying the early interaction between indigenous trabeate craftsmanship and Islamic architectural requirements.
Q7. ______ completed the construction of Qutub Minar in Delhi.
[RRB Group D – 25 October 2018, Shift 1]
A. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
B. Mahmud of Ghazni
C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D. Iltutmish
Answer: D. Iltutmish
Explanation: Aibak initiated the minaret and completed its first storey. Iltutmish added three storeys and is therefore conventionally credited in competitive examinations with completing its principal construction.
Q6. Who completed the Qutub Minar?
[WBCS – 2018]
A. Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
B. Nasiruddin Mahmud
C. Iltutmish
D. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Answer: C. Iltutmish
Explanation: Iltutmish continued Aibak’s unfinished tower and added three storeys. Firoz Shah Tughlaq later repaired the structure and modified the uppermost sections after lightning damage.
Q5. In which Mughal monument does the double-dome principle appear in a fully developed form for the first time?
[UPSC NDA – 2018]
A. Taj Mahal
B. Akbar’s Tomb
C. Humayun’s Tomb
D. Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daulah
Answer: C. Humayun’s Tomb
Explanation: Double-dome experiments developed during late Sultanate architecture, especially the Lodi period. Humayun’s Tomb represents its mature Mughal application, allowing impressive exterior height without distorting interior proportions.
Q4. Consider the following monuments:
- Tughlaqabad Fort
- Bada Gumbad in Lodhi Garden
- Qutub Minar
- Fatehpur Sikri
What is their correct chronological order?
[UPSC CDS – 2017]
A. 3, 1, 4, 2
B. 3, 1, 2, 4
C. 1, 3, 2, 4
D. 1, 3, 4, 2
Answer: B. 3, 1, 2, 4
Explanation: Qutub Minar began around 1199, Tughlaqabad dates to 1321, Bada Gumbad belongs to around 1490, and Akbar established Fatehpur Sikri during the later sixteenth century.
Q3. Who built Sultan Garhi in Delhi?
[MPPSC Assistant Professor History – 2017]
A. Iltutmish
B. Balban
C. Razia Sultan
D. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Answer: A. Iltutmish
Explanation: Sultan Garhi was constructed by Iltutmish for his son Nasir-ud-din Mahmud. Its fortified appearance and subterranean burial chamber make it unusual among early Indo-Islamic mausoleums.
**Q2. With reference to the arrival of Babur in India, consider the following statements:
- It led to the introduction of gunpowder.
- It led to the introduction of the arch and dome.
- It led to the establishment of a Timurid dynasty.
Which is correct?**
[UPSC Civil Services Examination Prelims – 2015]
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B. 3 only
Explanation: Gunpowder and architectural arches and domes were known in India before Babur. His decisive contribution was establishing the Mughal, or Timurid, ruling dynasty after Panipat in 1526.
**Q1. Consider the following monuments:
- Tughlaqabad
- Lodi Garden
- Qutub Minar
- Fatehpur Sikri
Which represents the correct chronological order?**
[RAS/RTS Prelims – 2013 Re-examination]
A. 3, 1, 4, 2
B. 3, 1, 2, 4
C. 1, 3, 2, 4
D. 1, 3, 4, 2
Answer: B. 3, 1, 2, 4
Explanation: Qutub Minar belongs to the early Sultanate, Tughlaqabad to the fourteenth-century Tughlaqs, Lodi Garden monuments principally to the fifteenth–sixteenth centuries, and Fatehpur Sikri to Akbar’s reign.