Q50. Which composition in Hindustani music is especially associated with Sufi devotional music?
[RRB NTPC (UG) 2026]
A. Qawwali
B. Tarana
C. Dhrupad
D. Tappa
Answer: A. Qawwali
Explanation: Qawwali developed as a major form of Sufi devotional expression in medieval India. Amir Khusrau is traditionally associated with shaping its Indo-Persian musical and poetic tradition.
Q49. Who among the following was a noted historian of the Delhi Sultanate period?
[SSC GD Constable 2026]
A. Amir Khusrau
B. Abul Fazl
C. Al-Biruni
D. Ziauddin Barani
Answer: D. Ziauddin Barani
Explanation: Ziauddin Barani was an eminent fourteenth-century historian and political thinker. His Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi and Fatawa-i-Jahandari are major sources for Sultanate history.
Q48. Which description best reflects the historiographical interpretation of Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign?
[UP PGT History 2026]
A. His policies were entirely conventional
B. He was mainly a religious reformer
C. Intellectual ambition was combined with impractical execution
D. His administration lacked innovative ideas
Answer: C. Intellectual ambition was combined with impractical execution
Explanation: Chroniclers such as Barani recorded Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s ambitious experiments. Modern historians generally distinguish his intellectual originality from the administrative difficulties and poor execution of several schemes.
Q47. Arrange the following Persian historical works in chronological order: (a) Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, (b) Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, (c) Futuh-us-Salatin, (d) Akbarnama.
[UPHESC Assistant Professor History 2026]
A. c-b-a-d
B. b-c-a-d
C. a-b-c-d
D. b-a-c-d
Answer: B. b-c-a-d
Explanation: Tabaqat-i-Nasiri was completed around 1260, Futuh-us-Salatin around 1350, Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi around 1357, while Akbarnama belongs to the Mughal period.
Q46. Match the following: A. Circle of Justice, B. Iqta, C. Razia Sultan, D. Minhaj-us-Siraj with 1. Interdependence of ruler-soldiers-peasants, 2. Revenue assignment, 3. Daughter of Iltutmish, 4. Contemporary chronicler.
[RRB NTPC Graduate 2026]
A. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
B. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
C. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
D. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
Answer: D. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
Explanation: Minhaj-us-Siraj was a contemporary Persian chronicler whose Tabaqat-i-Nasiri provides important information on the Mamluk rulers, particularly Iltutmish, Razia and Nasiruddin Mahmud.
Q45. Which language was predominantly used by Amir Khusrau in his literary compositions during the Delhi Sultanate?
[RRB NTPC Graduate 2026]
A. Sanskrit
B. Prakrit
C. Persian
D. Apabhramsha
Answer: C. Persian
Explanation: Although Amir Khusrau also composed in Hindavi, the bulk of his sophisticated poetry and historical compositions was in Persian, the principal court and literary language of the Sultanate.
Q44. After studying Indian society and culture, Al-Biruni wrote which work?
[RRB NTPC Graduate 2026]
A. Baburnama
B. Chahar Maqala
C. Kitab-ul-Hind
D. Qiran-us-Sadain
Answer: C. Kitab-ul-Hind
Explanation: Al-Biruni’s Kitab-ul-Hind, written in Arabic, systematically examined Indian religion, philosophy, sciences, customs and social organization. It remains an important source for early medieval India.
Q43. Amir Khusrau remarked that ordinary people did not know a certain language and that it was known mainly to Brahmanas. Which language was he referring to?
[RRB NTPC Graduate 2026]
A. Sanskrit
B. Urdu
C. Pali
D. Hindavi
Answer: A. Sanskrit
Explanation: In discussing India’s linguistic diversity, Amir Khusrau distinguished Sanskrit as a learned language primarily cultivated by Brahmanical scholars rather than commonly spoken by the general population.
Q42. Which of the following book-author combinations is incorrect?
[RRB NTPC Graduate 2026]
A. Gita Govinda — Jayadeva
B. Baburnama — Babur
C. Tughlaq Nama — Abul Fazl
D. Prithviraj Raso — Chand Bardai
Answer: C. Tughlaq Nama — Abul Fazl
Explanation: Tughlaq Nama was composed by Amir Khusrau. It narrates the rise of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq following the defeat of Khusrau Khan and is an important Persian masnavi.
Q41. Who were among the writers of ‘Tawarikh’ during the Delhi Sultanate? I. Administrators II. Poets and courtiers
[SSC MTS 2026]
A. Only I
B. Only II
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
Answer: C. Both I and II
Explanation: Sultanate tawarikh, meaning histories or chronicles, were generally produced by educated urban elites, including administrators, secretaries, court poets and courtiers closely connected with royal establishments.
Q40. Match the historian with the nature of his work: 1. Abul Fazl, 2. Badauni, 3. Ziauddin Barani, 4. Nizamuddin Ahmad.
[MP Police SI 2026]
A. 1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A
B. 1-A, 2-D, 3-B, 4-C
C. 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B
D. 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D
Answer: D. 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D
Explanation: Barani’s writings combined historical narrative with political theory, particularly ideas about kingship, social hierarchy and governance. His works are indispensable for studying Sultanate political thought.
Q39. Which statements about Delhi Sultanate literary sources are correct? A. Miftah-ul-Futuh discusses Jalaluddin Khalji; C. Nuh Sipihr relates to Mubarak Khalji; D. Tughlaqnama concerns Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq; E. Afif wrote about Firoz Shah.
[UGC NET History 2026]
A. A, C, D and E only
B. A, B, C and D only
C. B, C, D and E only
D. A, B, D and E only
Answer: A. A, C, D and E only
Explanation: Amir Khusrau produced several works connected with Khalji and early Tughlaq history, while Shams-i-Siraj Afif’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is a key source for Firoz Shah’s reign.
Q38. Ibn Battuta’s famous travel account describing his journey to India is known as:
[Delhi Police Constable 2026]
A. Kitab-ul-Hind
B. Shahnameh
C. Rihla
D. Tarikh-i-Hind
Answer: C. Rihla
Explanation: Ibn Battuta’s Rihla records his extensive travels and contains valuable eyewitness information about Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s court, administration, communications, cities, trade and social conditions.
Q37. Who wrote the scientific and cultural compendium known as ‘Kitab-ul-Hind’?
[Delhi Police Constable 2026]
A. Al-Biruni
B. Ibn Battuta
C. Al-Masudi
D. Firdausi
Answer: A. Al-Biruni
Explanation: Al-Biruni studied Sanskrit texts and Indian intellectual traditions before composing Kitab-ul-Hind. Its comparative and analytical approach distinguishes it from conventional royal chronicles.
Q36. Match the following authors with their works: (a) Ziauddin Barani, (b) Abu Malik Isami, (c) Ibn Battuta, (d) Ahmad Yadgar.
[Maharashtra Civil Services/MPSC 2026]
A. a–Fatawa-i-Jahandari; b–Futuh-us-Salatin; c–Kitab-ur-Rihla; d–Tarikh-i-Salatin-i-Afghana
B. a–Rihla; b–Fatawa-i-Jahandari; c–Futuh-us-Salatin; d–Tughlaqnama
C. a–Futuh-us-Salatin; b–Rihla; c–Fatawa-i-Jahandari; d–Khazain-ul-Futuh
D. a–Tughlaqnama; b–Tarikh-i-Salatin-i-Afghana; c–Futuh-us-Salatin; d–Rihla
Answer: A. a–Fatawa-i-Jahandari; b–Futuh-us-Salatin; c–Kitab-ur-Rihla; d–Tarikh-i-Salatin-i-Afghana
Explanation: These works represent different strands of Indo-Persian historiography—political theory by Barani, narrative history by Isami, travel literature by Ibn Battuta and Afghan dynastic history by Ahmad Yadgar.
Q35. Which combination correctly describes Amir Khusrau? I. He wrote in Persian and Hindavi. II. He contributed to the qaul tradition. III. He was a disciple of Muinuddin Chishti. IV. He was closely associated with Indo-Persian musical traditions.
[CBSE History 2026 – Others]
A. II, III and IV
B. I, II and IV
C. I, III and IV
D. I, II and III
Answer: B. I, II and IV
Explanation: Amir Khusrau was the celebrated disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya, not Muinuddin Chishti. His Persian-Hindavi compositions and contributions to Sufi musical culture gave him exceptional literary importance.
Q34. In which work did Amir Khusrau particularly praise India’s climate, languages, Sanskrit, arts, music and natural features?
[UPSC CDS-I 2025]
A. Ijaz-i-Khusrawi
B. Dewal Rani Khizr Khani
C. Khazain-ul-Futuh
D. Nuh Sipihr
Answer: D. Nuh Sipihr
Explanation: Nuh Sipihr, composed by Amir Khusrau, contains notable observations praising India’s languages, learning, music and cultural achievements, making it valuable for understanding his perception of India.
Q33. Which contemporary chronicler acknowledged that Raziyya Sultan was more capable than her brothers?
[SSC CHSL 2025]
A. Minhaj-us-Siraj
B. Ziauddin Barani
C. Al-Biruni
D. Ibn Battuta
Answer: A. Minhaj-us-Siraj
Explanation: Minhaj-us-Siraj described Raziyya in Tabaqat-i-Nasiri. Although influenced by contemporary patriarchal ideas, he acknowledged her administrative ability and qualifications as superior to those of her brothers.
Q32. In which language was the Sultanate chronicle ‘Tabaqat-i-Nasiri’ composed?
[DSSSB PGT 2025 – Others]
A. Urdu
B. Persian
C. Arabic
D. Sindhi
Answer: B. Persian
Explanation: Minhaj-us-Siraj wrote Tabaqat-i-Nasiri in Persian, the dominant administrative and literary language of the Delhi Sultanate. The chronicle was dedicated to Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud.
Q31. Match the following: A. Futuh-us-Salatin, B. Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi, C. Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, D. Khazain-ul-Futuh with their authors.
[UPPSC RO/ARO 2024]
A. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
B. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
C. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
D. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
Answer: C. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
Explanation: Isami wrote Futuh-us-Salatin, Firoz Shah authored Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi, Barani wrote Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, and Amir Khusrau composed Khazain-ul-Futuh.
Q30. Which of the following works was written by Ziauddin Barani?
[UKPSC PCS 2024 – PSC Exams]
A. Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi
B. Fatawa-i-Jahandari
C. Zain-ul-Akhbar
D. Tarikh-i-Muhammadi
Answer: B. Fatawa-i-Jahandari
Explanation: Fatawa-i-Jahandari is Barani’s political treatise dealing with ideal Muslim kingship, governance, social hierarchy and the relationship between temporal authority and religious principles.
Q29. Which medieval chronicler recognised Raziyya as more able and qualified than all her brothers?
[SSC MTS 2024]
A. Fakhr-i-Mudabbir
B. Minhaj-i-Siraj
C. Muhammad Junadi
D. Taj-ul-Din
Answer: B. Minhaj-i-Siraj
Explanation: Minhaj-i-Siraj’s Tabaqat-i-Nasiri is among the most important contemporary accounts of the early Delhi Sultanate and contains valuable observations about Raziyya’s reign and abilities.
Q28. Who wrote ‘Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi’?
[SSC CGL 2023]
A. Ziauddin Barani
B. Amir Khusrau
C. Al-Biruni
D. Ibn Battuta
Answer: A. Ziauddin Barani
Explanation: Barani’s chronicle covers Delhi Sultanate history from Balban to the early years of Firoz Shah Tughlaq and provides detailed information on administration and political developments.
Q27. Who composed ‘Khazain-ul-Futuh’?
[WBCS Mains 2023]
A. Amir Khusrau
B. Hasan Nizami
C. Khafi Khan
D. Abdul Qadir Badauni
Answer: A. Amir Khusrau
Explanation: Khazain-ul-Futuh, also called Tarikh-i-Alai, is Amir Khusrau’s Persian account praising Alauddin Khalji’s military victories, conquests and achievements during the early years of his reign.
Q26. Who among the following authored ‘Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi’?
[SSC Selection Post 2023 – Others]
A. Minhaj-us-Siraj
B. Ziauddin Barani
C. Amir Khusrau
D. Hasan Nizami
Answer: B. Ziauddin Barani
Explanation: Ziauddin Barani combined historical narration with social and political commentary. His chronicle is especially valuable for Alauddin Khalji, Muhammad bin Tughlaq and early Firoz Shah Tughlaq.
Q25. Al-Biruni wrote ‘Kitab-ul-Hind’ in which language?
[Delhi Police Constable 2023 – Others]
A. Sanskrit
B. Arabic
C. Urdu
D. Persian
Answer: B. Arabic
Explanation: Despite learning Sanskrit extensively, Al-Biruni composed Kitab-ul-Hind in Arabic. The work contains eighty chapters covering Indian religion, philosophy, astronomy, customs and social institutions.
Q24. Ziauddin Barani wrote the first version of his chronicle in which year?
[SSC GD 2023]
A. 1356
B. 1288
C. 1358
D. 1402
Answer: A. 1356
Explanation: Barani prepared his historical chronicle during the mid-fourteenth century. His writings preserve invaluable information on Sultanate administration, economic regulations, nobility and the political ideas of his time.
Q23. Who translated the Sanskrit ‘Shuka Saptati’ into Persian and gave it the title ‘Tutinama’?
[UPPCS 2022]
A. Ziauddin Nakhshabi
B. Abdur Razzaq
C. Shihabuddin al-Umari
D. Amir Khusrau
Answer: A. Ziauddin Nakhshabi
Explanation: Ziauddin Nakhshabi adapted the Sanskrit parrot tales into Persian as Tutinama. The work illustrates the vigorous exchange between Sanskritic and Persian literary traditions in medieval India.
Q22. Who composed ‘Tabaqat-i-Nasiri’?
[SSC CGL 2022]
A. Hasan Nizami
B. Amir Khusrau
C. Minhaj-us-Siraj
D. Ziauddin Barani
Answer: C. Minhaj-us-Siraj
Explanation: Minhaj-us-Siraj completed Tabaqat-i-Nasiri around 1260. It provides an extensive history of Islamic dynasties and crucial contemporary evidence regarding the early Delhi Sultanate.
Q21. Which Delhi Sultanate historical work was written by Ziauddin Barani?
[SSC JE 2022]
A. Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
B. Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi
C. Tughlaqnama
D. Taj-ul-Maasir
Answer: B. Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi
Explanation: Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is distinct from Shams-i-Siraj Afif’s later work of the same title. Barani’s narrative concludes during Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s early reign.
Q20. Which ruler was chronicled by Minhaj-i-Siraj?
[SSC MTS 2022]
A. Akbar
B. Razia Sultan
C. Babur
D. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Answer: B. Razia Sultan
Explanation: Minhaj-i-Siraj lived during the Mamluk period and described Razia Sultan in Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, making his account an important contemporary literary source for her short reign.
Q19. Who was Alauddin Khalji’s celebrated court poet and the author of ‘Hasht Bihisht’?
[SSC GD 2021]
A. Amir Khusrau
B. Chand Bardai
C. Agha Hasan Amanat
D. Harisena
Answer: A. Amir Khusrau
Explanation: Amir Khusrau was a prolific Persian poet, historian and musician associated with several Sultanate courts. Hasht Bihisht forms part of his celebrated Persian Khamsa.
Q18. Who wrote ‘Tahqiq-i-Hind’ or ‘Kitab-ul-Hind’?
[RRB NTPC 2021]
A. Megasthenes
B. Al-Masudi
C. Ibn Battuta
D. Al-Biruni
Answer: D. Al-Biruni
Explanation: Al-Biruni’s detailed investigation of Indian knowledge and society was titled Tahqiq ma li’l-Hind, commonly called Kitab-ul-Hind. Its method was analytical and comparative rather than court-centred.
Q17. Which foreign traveller was appointed to state service by Muhammad bin Tughlaq?
[SSC MTS 2020, held 2021]
A. Ibn Battuta
B. Marco Polo
C. Al-Masudi
D. Niccolo Conti
Answer: A. Ibn Battuta
Explanation: Muhammad bin Tughlaq appointed Ibn Battuta as Qazi of Delhi. His subsequent travel narrative, Rihla, offers firsthand descriptions of the Sultan’s court and contemporary Indian society.
Q16. Who ruled the Delhi Sultanate when Ibn Battuta arrived in India?
[SSC CHSL 2020, held 2021]
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
C. Ibrahim Lodi
D. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Answer: B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Explanation: Ibn Battuta reached India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign and spent several years at his court. His Rihla consequently constitutes a major contemporary source for this period.
Q15. Arrange chronologically: 1. Fatawa-i-Jahandari, 2. Prithviraj Raso, 3. Kitab-ul-Hind, 4. Tabaqat-i-Nasiri.
[UPPCS 2020]
A. 2-3-4-1
B. 3-1-2-4
C. 4-3-1-2
D. 3-2-4-1
Answer: D. 3-2-4-1
Explanation: Kitab-ul-Hind belongs to the eleventh century, Prithviraj Raso to the early medieval tradition, Tabaqat-i-Nasiri to the thirteenth century and Barani’s work to the fourteenth.
Q14. Who authored ‘Tabaqat-i-Nasiri’?
[SSC CGL 2020]
A. Ziauddin Barani
B. Minhaj-us-Siraj
C. Amir Khusrau
D. Al-Biruni
Answer: B. Minhaj-us-Siraj
Explanation: Tabaqat-i-Nasiri was named in honour of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud. Its twenty-three sections provide information about Islamic dynasties, the Ghurids and early Turkish rule in India.
Q13. Who was the author of ‘Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi’?
[MPPSC 2019]
A. Shams-i-Siraj Afif
B. Ziauddin Barani
C. Isami
D. Sharafuddin Yazdi
Answer: B. Ziauddin Barani
Explanation: Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi remains one of the most influential Persian histories of the Sultanate, particularly for political institutions, court politics and Alauddin Khalji’s economic measures.
Q12. Who is popularly known as the ‘Parrot of India’ or ‘Tuti-i-Hind’?
[SSC MTS 2019]
A. Tansen
B. Ibn Battuta
C. Amir Khusrau
D. Ziauddin Barani
Answer: C. Amir Khusrau
Explanation: Amir Khusrau earned the title Tuti-i-Hind for his extraordinary poetic ability. His writings in Persian and Hindavi became landmarks in the cultural synthesis of medieval India.
Q11. Which book-author pair is NOT correctly matched?
[UPPCS 2019]
A. Tabaqat-i-Nasiri — Minhaj-us-Siraj
B. Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi — Ziauddin Barani
C. Tughlaqnama — Ibn Battuta
D. Humayunnama — Gulbadan Begum
Answer: C. Tughlaqnama — Ibn Battuta
Explanation: Tughlaqnama was written by Amir Khusrau, whereas Ibn Battuta is associated with the travel account Rihla. The other listed book-author pairs are correctly matched.
Q10. What is the title of Minhaj-us-Siraj’s major historical work?
[UGC NET History 2019 – Others]
A. Taj-ul-Maasir
B. Fatawa-i-Jahandari
C. Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
D. Tarikh-i-Mahmud Shahi
Answer: C. Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
Explanation: Minhaj’s Tabaqat-i-Nasiri provides a continuous narrative of Muslim dynasties and is exceptionally important for reconstructing the history of the early Delhi Sultanate and Bengal.
Q9. Who wrote ‘Tughlaq Nama’?
[Karnataka Police Constable 2019 – Others]
A. Amir Khusrau
B. Nasiruddin Mahmud
C. Ziauddin Barani
D. Isami
Answer: A. Amir Khusrau
Explanation: Tughlaq Nama was one of Amir Khusrau’s final major compositions. It celebrates Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq’s victory over Khusrau Khan and the establishment of Tughlaq authority.
Q8. Which of the following texts was NOT written by Amir Khusrau?
[RPSC Assistant Engineer 2018]
A. Qiran-us-Sadain
B. Miftah-ul-Futuh
C. Tughlaq-Nama
D. Sirat-i-Firoz Shahi
Answer: D. Sirat-i-Firoz Shahi
Explanation: Qiran-us-Sadain, Miftah-ul-Futuh and Tughlaq-Nama belong to Amir Khusrau’s extensive literary corpus. Sirat-i-Firoz Shahi is not regarded as his composition.
Q7. Amir Khusrau was a famous poet and musician in the court of which Sultan?
[RRB Group D 2018]
A. Shah Jahan
B. Aurangzeb
C. Jahangir
D. Alauddin Khalji
Answer: D. Alauddin Khalji
Explanation: Although Khusrau served several rulers, his association with Alauddin Khalji was especially important. His writings provide literary accounts of Alauddin’s reign, victories and contemporary court culture.
Q6. Which of the following author-work pairs is correctly matched?
[MPPSC Assistant Professor History 2017]
A. Amir Khusrau — Futuh-us-Salatin
B. Isami — Kitab-ul-Hind
C. Ibn Battuta — Tughlaqnama
D. Minhaj-us-Siraj — Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
Answer: D. Minhaj-us-Siraj — Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
Explanation: Tabaqat-i-Nasiri was Minhaj’s major chronicle. Futuh-us-Salatin belongs to Isami, Kitab-ul-Hind to Al-Biruni and Tughlaqnama to Amir Khusrau.
Q5. Which travelogue provides important information about the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq?
[UPSC NDA 2017]
A. Ibn Battuta’s Rihla
B. Bernier’s Travels in the Mogul Empire
C. Manucci’s Storia do Mogor
D. Tavernier’s Travels in India
Answer: A. Ibn Battuta’s Rihla
Explanation: Ibn Battuta personally experienced Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s court. His Rihla records the Sultan’s administration, postal network, urban life, ceremonies and broader socioeconomic conditions.
Q4. Amir Khusrau was a:
[Chhattisgarh PSC Prelims 2011]
A. Poet
B. Historian
C. Musician
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Explanation: Amir Khusrau combined poetry, historical writing and music. This versatility, together with his Persian and Hindavi compositions, made him one of the most influential cultural personalities of Sultanate India.
Q3. Who wrote the famous ‘Kitab-ul-Hind’?
[RAS/RTS Prelims 2010]
A. Hasan Nizami
B. Minhaj-us-Siraj
C. Al-Biruni
D. Shams-i-Siraj Afif
Answer: C. Al-Biruni
Explanation: Al-Biruni investigated Indian philosophy, religion, mathematics, astronomy and customs through Sanskrit sources and personal observation, producing one of the most systematic foreign accounts of medieval India.
Q2. Consider the statements: 1. ‘Kitab-i-Nauras’ was composed by Ibrahim Adil Shah II. 2. Amir Khusrau is associated with the early development of Qawwali in India. Which is correct?
[UPSC CSE Prelims 2003]
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C. Both 1 and 2
Explanation: Ibrahim Adil Shah II’s Kitab-i-Nauras reflects Deccani musical syncretism, while Amir Khusrau is traditionally credited with important innovations in the Indo-Persian Sufi musical tradition including Qawwali.
Q1. Who among the following is traditionally regarded as the first major writer to use Urdu/Hindavi as a medium of poetic expression?
[UPSC CSE Prelims 1999]
A. Amir Khusrau
B. Mirza Ghalib
C. Bahadur Shah Zafar
D. Faiz Ahmed Faiz
Answer: A. Amir Khusrau
Explanation: Amir Khusrau experimented extensively with the spoken Hindavi tradition alongside Persian. His bilingual literary legacy is therefore regarded as an important early stage in the development of Urdu-Hindavi poetry.