100. The Kumbhalgarh Fort, a component of the Hill Forts of Rajasthan World Heritage property, lies in which state?
[RRB Group D — 25 Aug 2026, Shift 1]
A. Maharashtra
B. Rajasthan
C. Uttar Pradesh
D. Himachal Pradesh
Answer: B. Rajasthan
Explanation: Kumbhalgarh is a historic Mewar fortress in Rajsamand district, Rajasthan. UNESCO inscribed the Hill Forts of Rajasthan serial property in 2013. Kumbhalgarh is famous for its long fortification wall and its association with ruler Rana Kumbha.
99. Hampi, now on the World Heritage List, functioned as the capital of which historical empire?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I — 8 May 2026, Shift 3]
A. Vijayanagara Empire
B. Gupta Empire
C. Mughal Empire
D. Maurya Empire
Answer: A. Vijayanagara Empire
Explanation: The ruins at Hampi in Karnataka preserve the ceremonial and urban core of the Vijayanagara Empire. Its temples, bazaars and royal structures reflect a major south Indian power. UNESCO inscribed the Group of Monuments at Hampi in 1986.
98. Which quality is principally responsible for the Western Ghats gaining UNESCO natural heritage recognition?
[SSC GD Constable — 29 Apr 2026, Shift 3]
A. Mineral deposits
B. Exceptional biodiversity
C. Ancient palaces
D. Religious pilgrimages
Answer: B. Exceptional biodiversity
Explanation: The Western Ghats support exceptionally high species diversity and endemism and play an important role in ecological processes. UNESCO listed their serial natural property in 2012. Their ecosystems include tropical forests, high-altitude grasslands and habitats for threatened species.
97. Which city became India’s first UNESCO-listed World Heritage City?
[DSSSB MTS — 5 Mar 2026, Shift 3]
A. Varanasi
B. Hyderabad
C. Ahmedabad
D. Jaipur
Answer: C. Ahmedabad
Explanation: The Historic City of Ahmedabad in Gujarat was inscribed in 2017, making it the first Indian city to receive World Heritage recognition. Its historic urban fabric includes traditional pol houses, community institutions, religious buildings and a distinctive street layout.
96. The UNESCO-listed Konark Sun Temple stands in which Indian state?
[DSSSB MTS — 5 Mar 2026, Shift 3]
A. Kerala
B. Odisha
C. Rajasthan
D. Maharashtra
Answer: B. Odisha
Explanation: Konark is situated on the coast of Odisha and is dedicated to Surya, the Sun God. Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty built the thirteenth-century temple in the form of a magnificent stone chariot with elaborate carved wheels.
95. Which World Heritage cave complex is especially known for Buddhist murals and ancient paintings?
[DSSSB MTS — 5 Mar 2026, Shift 2]
A. Qutb Minar
B. Ajanta Caves
C. Sanchi Stupa
D. Gateway of India
Answer: B. Ajanta Caves
Explanation: Ajanta is a celebrated group of Buddhist rock-cut caves in Maharashtra. Its paintings depict the life and earlier births of the Buddha, including Jataka narratives. UNESCO recognised the caves in 1983 for their outstanding artistic and historical importance.
94. In which city can one visit the UNESCO-listed Qutb Minar?
[DSSSB PRT — 19 Feb 2026, Shift 3]
A. Delhi
B. Hyderabad
C. Jaipur
D. Agra
Answer: A. Delhi
Explanation: The Qutb complex lies in Mehrauli, Delhi. Its minaret and associated structures are major examples of early Delhi Sultanate architecture. UNESCO inscribed Qutb Minar and its Monuments in 1993, recognising their architectural and historical significance.
93. Which of these temples forms part of an inscribed UNESCO World Heritage property?
[SSC MTS 2025 — conducted 18 Feb 2026, Shift 3]
A. Kamakhya Temple
B. Meenakshi Temple
C. Kashi Vishwanath Temple
D. Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple
Answer: D. Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple
Explanation: The Brihadisvara Temple at Gangaikondacholapuram belongs to the Great Living Chola Temples World Heritage property in Tamil Nadu. The serial inscription also includes the Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram.
92. Which Indian heritage park received a “Good” rating in the cited IUCN natural heritage assessment of November 2025?
[RRB Group D — 9 Jan 2026, Shift 1]
A. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
B. Sundarbans National Park
C. Khangchendzonga National Park
D. Great Himalayan National Park
Answer: C. Khangchendzonga National Park
Explanation: Khangchendzonga National Park in Sikkim is India’s first and only mixed World Heritage property, recognised in 2016. The site combines exceptional mountain ecosystems with sacred landscapes. This examination referred specifically to the conservation assessment issued in November 2025.
91. For the Tai-Ahom Moidams, inscribed as World Heritage, consider four possible functions:
1. Fortresses;
2. Royal recreation;
3. Royal burials;
4. Battle-drill centres.
Which is correct?
[UPSC CSE Prelims — 2026, General Studies Paper I]
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3
C. 3 only
D. 2 and 4
Answer: C. 3 only
Explanation: The Moidams of Assam are mound-burial structures associated with the Ahom rulers and nobility, not fortresses or training grounds. Charaideo preserves this distinctive funerary landscape. UNESCO inscribed the Moidams as a cultural World Heritage property in 2024.
90. The UNESCO-protected Mahabodhi Temple Complex is found in which state?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I — 17 Nov 2025, Shift 3]
A. Haryana
B. Bihar
C. Punjab
D. Assam
Answer: B. Bihar
Explanation: The Mahabodhi Temple Complex stands at Bodh Gaya in Bihar, where Buddhist tradition places the Buddha’s enlightenment. UNESCO inscribed it in 2002. The temple and Bodhi Tree area are major pilgrimage and historical landmarks of Buddhism.
89. Evaluate these statements about Agra Fort:
I. It is not a UNESCO site.
II. It was a principal Mughal imperial residence.
Which is correct?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I — 15 Nov 2025, Shift 3]
A. Statement I only
B. Statement II only
C. Both statements
D. Neither statement
Answer: B. Statement II only
Explanation: Agra Fort became a World Heritage Site in 1983, so the first assertion is false. The fort was a major seat of Mughal political and residential life before the imperial court shifted its central focus to Shahjahanabad.
88. Why does UNESCO attach exceptional global significance to the Western Ghats?
[SSC CGL — 17 Sept 2025, Shift 2]
A. Because they classify urban rivers
B. Because of monsoon influence and major biodiversity
C. Because they house Arctic wildlife
D. Because they are a desert volcanic plateau
Answer: B. Because of monsoon influence and major biodiversity
Explanation: The Western Ghats intercept moist monsoon winds and form one of the world’s important biodiversity hotspots. High endemic species richness and threatened habitats contribute to their exceptional natural value. A serial group of Western Ghats sites entered UNESCO’s list in 2012.
87. How many pairs of elaborately sculpted wheels represent the chariot of the Konark Sun Temple?
[SSC CGL — 15 Sept 2025, Shift 1]
A. 10 pairs
B. 11 pairs
C. 12 pairs
D. 13 pairs
Answer: C. 12 pairs
Explanation: The thirteenth-century Konark Sun Temple in Odisha is conceived as a monumental stone chariot drawn by seven horses. Its twenty-four sculpted wheels form twelve pairs. This celebrated architectural form is a central reason for its worldwide recognition.
86. Identify the mountain chain inscribed by UNESCO for its extraordinary biological richness.
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I — 8 Aug 2025, Shift 3]
A. Satpura Range
B. Western Ghats
C. Eastern Ghats
D. Chotanagpur Plateau
Answer: B. Western Ghats
Explanation: The Western Ghats stretch along much of the western side of peninsular India. They contain species-rich forests, many endemic plants and animals, and significant watersheds. UNESCO added a serial selection of Western Ghats sites to its World Heritage List in 2012.
85. Which group of Indian temples is particularly celebrated for sculpted erotic imagery and UNESCO status?
[SSC Selection Post (Matriculation) — 1 Aug 2025, Shift 1]
A. Brihadisvara Temple
B. Konark Sun Temple
C. Khajuraho Temples
D. Meenakshi Temple
Answer: C. Khajuraho Temples
Explanation: The Khajuraho Group of Monuments in Madhya Pradesh consists mainly of Hindu and Jain temples built under Chandela patronage. Their sophisticated Nagara architecture and sculptural programmes are internationally celebrated. UNESCO placed the group on its World Heritage List in 1986.
84. Which listed building belongs to an Indian UNESCO World Heritage property?
[SSC Selection Post (Matriculation) — 30 Jul 2025, Shift 1]
A. Fort St George
B. Basilica of Bom Jesus
C. Auroville Matrimandir
D. Chandannagar Strand
Answer: B. Basilica of Bom Jesus
Explanation: The Basilica of Bom Jesus is in Old Goa and belongs to UNESCO’s Churches and Convents of Goa property, inscribed in 1986. It is an important monument of Portuguese-era religious architecture and is associated with the relics of St Francis Xavier.
83. Jaipur’s UNESCO-listed Jantar Mantar astronomical observatory is situated in which state?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I — 21 Jun 2025, Shift 1]
A. Rajasthan
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Gujarat
D. Bihar
Answer: A. Rajasthan
Explanation: Jantar Mantar in Jaipur, Rajasthan, was built under Sawai Jai Singh II in the eighteenth century. Its large masonry instruments facilitated astronomical measurements and calendrical calculations. UNESCO designated the Jaipur observatory a World Heritage Site in 2010.
82. The World Heritage-listed Kakatiya Rudreshwara, or Ramappa, Temple is in which state?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I — 17 Jun 2025, Shift 1]
A. Karnataka
B. Telangana
C. Andhra Pradesh
D. Gujarat
Answer: B. Telangana
Explanation: Ramappa Temple is located at Palampet in Telangana and exemplifies thirteenth-century Kakatiya temple architecture. Noted for ornamental carving and distinctive building techniques, it entered UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2021 under the name Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple.
81. Which statement about Sanchi’s Great Stupa is incorrect?
[MPPSC Assistant Professor, History Paper II — 1 Jun 2025]
A. Henry Taylor rediscovered the monument in 1818
B. Its original core dates to Ashoka
C. The original stupa was made of brick
D. Its sculpted railing was erected by the Vakatakas
Answer: D. Its sculpted railing was erected by the Vakatakas
Explanation: Ashoka commissioned the original brick stupa at Sanchi in the Mauryan period. Later expansion and decorative works are associated mainly with the Shunga and Satavahana eras, not the Vakatakas. UNESCO inscribed Sanchi’s Buddhist monuments in 1989.
80. In what year did Elephanta Caves become a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
[Bombay High Court Clerk — 10 Aug 2025]
A. 1982
B. 1987
C. 1992
D. 1997
Answer: B. 1987
Explanation: Elephanta Caves were inscribed in 1987. The rock-cut cave complex lies on Elephanta Island near Mumbai and is best known for magnificent Shaiva sculpture, especially the large three-faced Maheshmurti that dominates the main cave shrine.
79. Which reserve in this list is associated with an inscribed UNESCO World Heritage natural property?
[SSC Selection Post (Matriculation) — 29 Aug 2025, Shift 3]
A. Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve
B. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
C. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
D. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve
Answer: A. Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve
Explanation: The Sundarbans National Park component is a World Heritage Site in West Bengal, inscribed in 1987. The wider Sundarbans landscape also forms a biosphere reserve. This distinction matters because UNESCO biosphere reserve status is not itself the same as World Heritage inscription.
78. What Indian defence-heritage ensemble entered UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2025?
[IB Security Assistant — 29 Sept 2025, Shift 1]
A. Nayakkar Mahal
B. Khichan Wetland
C. Suttur Srikshetra
D. Maratha Military Landscapes
Answer: D. Maratha Military Landscapes
Explanation: The Maratha Military Landscapes of India was inscribed in July 2025. The serial property consists of twelve fortifications, eleven in Maharashtra and Gingee in Tamil Nadu. Together they show the strategic and architectural development of Maratha military power.
77. The Mudumal Megalithic Menhirs, added to UNESCO’s Tentative List in 2025, are located in which state?
[IB Security Assistant — 29 Sept 2025, Shift 2]
A. Telangana
B. Tamil Nadu
C. Kerala
D. Karnataka
Answer: A. Telangana
Explanation: The Mudumal menhir site is in the Narayanpet district of Telangana. Its megalithic stone monuments preserve evidence of prehistoric practices. Tentative List entry indicates future nomination potential; it does not itself mean that the property is inscribed as World Heritage.
76. Which of these monument groups has UNESCO World Heritage inscription?
[DDA MTS — 17 Dec 2025, Shift 2]
A. Kakatiya Kala Thoranam
B. Pattadakal temples
C. Charminar Bazaar
D. Charminar
Answer: B. Pattadakal temples
Explanation: Pattadakal is a group of early Chalukya temples in Karnataka. Its monuments are renowned for combining northern and southern Indian temple design features. The Group of Monuments at Pattadakal was inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1987.
75. Which carved feature at Sanchi is not directly derived from Buddhist religious symbolism?
[UPSC NDA-I — General Ability Test, 13 Apr 2025]
A. Empty seat
B. Shalabhanjika
C. Tree
D. Wheel
Answer: B. Shalabhanjika
Explanation: Shalabhanjika imagery comes from broader folk and fertility symbolism, often featuring a female figure associated with a tree. By contrast, the empty seat, sacred tree and wheel frequently function as Buddhist symbols in ancient narrative reliefs. Sanchi entered UNESCO’s list in 1989.
74. Of Santiniketan, Rani-ki-Vav, Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas and Mahabodhi Temple, how many joined UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2023?
[UPSC CSE Prelims — GS Paper I, 2024]
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
Answer: B. Two
Explanation: Santiniketan and the Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas both received World Heritage inscription in 2023. Rani-ki-Vav joined the list in 2014, while the Mahabodhi Temple Complex was inscribed in 2002. Hence exactly two satisfy the date condition.
73. How many UNESCO World Heritage properties did India have in October 2024?
[RRB Technician Grade III — 23 Dec 2024, Shift 2]
A. 33
B. 63
C. 53
D. 43
Answer: D. 43
Explanation: India had 43 inscribed World Heritage properties following the July 2024 inscription of the Moidams of Assam. That total was correct for October 2024. The figure later increased, so this historical question must be interpreted using its specified date.
72. The Charaideo Moidams, inscribed in July 2024, are situated in which state?
[RRB Technician Grade III — 23 Dec 2024, Shift 1]
A. Bihar
B. Odisha
C. West Bengal
D. Assam
Answer: D. Assam
Explanation: The Moidams are burial mounds associated with the Ahom dynasty in Assam, particularly at Charaideo. Their inscription in 2024 made them India’s forty-third World Heritage property. The mounds preserve distinctive royal funerary architecture and historical traditions.
71. In which month of 2024 were the Charaideo Moidams inscribed as World Heritage?
[RRB Technician Grade III — 20 Dec 2024, Shift 3]
A. August
B. July
C. October
D. September
Answer: B. July
Explanation: UNESCO inscribed the Moidams — the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty — in July 2024. Located at Charaideo in Assam, they include royal burial mounds and associated landscape elements representing the funerary traditions of the Ahom rulers.
70. Regarding Raigad Fort, judge:
1. It was among twelve nominated Maratha forts;
2. It was Shivaji’s capital;
3. Rivers and valleys isolate its massif.
Which set was correct in the paper?
[RRB Technician Grade III — 30 Dec 2024, Shift 2]
A. 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D. 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Raigad formed part of the twelve-fort Maratha Military Landscapes nomination for 2024–25. It was the royal capital of Chhatrapati Shivaji and its terrain helped defence. UNESCO subsequently inscribed the entire ensemble in 2025.
69. At which proposed Maratha World Heritage fort was Shivaji Maharaj crowned?
[RRB Technician Grade III — 27 Dec 2024, Shift 3]
A. Raigad Fort
B. Karnala Fort
C. Korigad Fort
D. Mangi-Tungi Fort
Answer: A. Raigad Fort
Explanation: Shivaji Maharaj underwent his coronation at Raigad in 1674. The hill fort subsequently became central to Maratha administration and identity. It was included among the twelve forts of the Maratha Military Landscapes, a serial property inscribed by UNESCO in 2025.
68. Which fort was absent from the 2024–25 Maratha Military Landscapes UNESCO nomination?
[RRB Technician Grade III — 30 Dec 2024, Shift 2]
A. Raigad
B. Karnala Fort
C. Salher
D. Rajgad
Answer: B. Karnala Fort
Explanation: Karnala Fort in Maharashtra was not one of the twelve sites in the submitted Maratha Military Landscapes nomination. Raigad, Salher and Rajgad were included. UNESCO inscribed the completed serial nomination in 2025, recognising a network of strategic Maratha fortifications.
67. The 46th meeting of UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee was hosted in which city?
[RRB JE CBT-I — 17 Dec 2024, Shift 1]
A. New York
B. Paris
C. New Delhi
D. Dubai
Answer: C. New Delhi
Explanation: India hosted the 46th session of the World Heritage Committee in New Delhi in July 2024. At this session the Moidams of Assam were added to the World Heritage List. The committee evaluates nominations and reviews conservation matters.
66. Rani-ki-Vav, an inscribed World Heritage stepwell, lies in which state?
[SSC MTS — 22 Oct 2024, Shift 1]
A. Haryana
B. Gujarat
C. Maharashtra
D. Karnataka
Answer: B. Gujarat
Explanation: Rani-ki-Vav stands at Patan in Gujarat. The richly sculpted stepwell dates to the eleventh century and represents sophisticated water architecture. UNESCO inscribed it in 2014 for its artistic accomplishment and the cultural significance of stepwells.
65. Sanchi Stupa, part of a UNESCO property, is located in which Indian state?
[SSC CHSL — 10 Jul 2024, Shift 1]
A. Bihar
B. Punjab
C. Madhya Pradesh
D. Rajasthan
Answer: C. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: Sanchi is in Madhya Pradesh, near Bhopal. The Buddhist monuments include stupas, pillars and temples developed over many centuries. The Great Stupa began under Ashoka, and the entire ensemble gained World Heritage status in 1989.
64. Which is the oldest of India’s three UNESCO-listed mountain railways?
[WBPSC WBCS 2023 Mains, History — held 18 Aug 2024]
A. Konkan Railway
B. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
C. Nilgiri Mountain Railway
D. Kalka–Shimla Railway
Answer: B. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
Explanation: The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway opened in the nineteenth century and was the first of the Mountain Railways of India inscribed by UNESCO, in 1999. The Nilgiri and Kalka–Shimla lines were later added to the serial listing in 2005 and 2008.
63. In which state are the Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas, inscribed in 2023?
[IB ACIO Grade II — 17 Jan 2024, Shift 1]
A. Karnataka
B. Chhattisgarh
C. Odisha
D. Andhra Pradesh
Answer: A. Karnataka
Explanation: The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas lie in Karnataka. UNESCO’s 2023 inscription includes temples at Belur, Halebidu and Somanathapura. Their intricately carved surfaces, sophisticated plans and Hoysala architectural language are key aspects of their outstanding value.
62. For Bhimbetka, which statements are true:
i. It is in Uttar Pradesh;
ii. It has prehistoric rock paintings;
iii. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
[APSSB CSLE — 10 Nov 2024]
A. i and ii
B. i alone
C. ii and iii
D. iii alone
Answer: C. ii and iii
Explanation: Bhimbetka is in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh, not Uttar Pradesh. Its rock shelters contain paintings and evidence of prehistoric occupation. UNESCO designated the site a World Heritage property in 2003 because of its archaeological and cultural importance.
61. Who commissioned the series of five major Jantar Mantar astronomical observatories in northern India?
[SSC CGL Tier-I — 17 Sept 2024, Shift 2]
A. Sawai Man Singh
B. Maharana Pratap
C. Sawai Jai Singh II
D. Madho Singh
Answer: C. Sawai Jai Singh II
Explanation: Sawai Jai Singh II planned observatories in Jaipur, Delhi, Ujjain, Varanasi and Mathura to support astronomical study. The Jaipur Jantar Mantar is particularly well preserved and received UNESCO World Heritage inscription in 2010.
60. About the painting method at Ajanta, consider:
1. Clay mixed with rice husk and gum was covered with lime;
2. Artists drew outlines before adding colours.
Which is correct?
[UPSC NDA-I — General Ability Test, 21 Apr 2024]
A. Statement 1 alone
B. Statement 2 alone
C. Both statements
D. Neither statement
Answer: C. Both statements
Explanation: Ajanta’s painters carefully prepared the rock surface with plaster-like layers before outlining and applying colours. Their techniques helped create durable murals portraying Buddhist stories and courtly life. The famous caves in Maharashtra were inscribed by UNESCO in 1983.
59. In what year was the Jaipur Jantar Mantar observatory recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
[RPSC EO-RO — 14 May 2023, Shift 2]
A. 2015
B. 2020
C. 2005
D. 2010
Answer: D. 2010
Explanation: The Jaipur Jantar Mantar was inscribed in 2010. Built under Sawai Jai Singh II, it comprises monumental fixed instruments for astronomical observation. Its precision and architectural ingenuity demonstrate the blending of scientific practice and built form in eighteenth-century India.
58. Which railway in India, admitted to UNESCO’s Mountain Railways property in 2005, uses a rack-and-pinion system?
[SSC CGL Tier-I — 25 Jul 2023, Shift 3]
A. Nilgiri Mountain Railway
B. Kangra Valley Railway
C. Matheran Hill Railway
D. Kalka–Shimla Railway
Answer: A. Nilgiri Mountain Railway
Explanation: The Nilgiri Mountain Railway in Tamil Nadu uses an Abt rack-and-pinion mechanism on its steep section. UNESCO extended the Mountain Railways of India property to include it in 2005, recognising historic railway engineering in mountainous terrain.
57. The UNESCO World Heritage monument at Konark is in which state?
[SSC CHSL 2022 — conducted 16 Mar 2023, Shift 2]
A. Rajasthan
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Chhattisgarh
D. Odisha
Answer: D. Odisha
Explanation: Konark Sun Temple is in Odisha near Puri. The thirteenth-century structure was commissioned by Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty and designed as Surya’s stone chariot. It gained UNESCO World Heritage recognition in 1984.
56. How many natural World Heritage properties were in India’s UNESCO list at the time of this examination?
[SSC MTS 2022 — conducted 18 May 2023, Shift 1]
A. Seven
B. Four
C. Six
D. Five
Answer: A. Seven
Explanation: India’s seven natural World Heritage properties include Kaziranga, Keoladeo, Manas, Sundarbans, the Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers parks, the Western Ghats and Great Himalayan National Park. These are distinct from India’s mixed property, Khangchendzonga National Park.
55. Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, inscribed by UNESCO, is located in which state?
[SSC MTS — 3 May 2023, Shift 1, memory-based]
A. Gujarat
B. Telangana
C. Karnataka
D. Kerala
Answer: B. Telangana
Explanation: Ramappa Temple is a Kakatiya-period Shaiva temple at Palampet in Telangana. Its UNESCO inscription occurred in 2021. The temple is known for detailed sculptures, a star-shaped plinth and construction methods adapted to local materials.
54. Which choice is an inscribed UNESCO World Heritage property?
[MP Forest Guard / Jail Prahari — 10 Jun 2023, Shift 2]
A. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
B. Hawa Mahal
C. Rani Roopmati Mahal
D. Charminar
Answer: A. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
Explanation: The historic Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus in Mumbai, formerly Victoria Terminus, was inscribed in 2004. Designed by F W Stevens, it combines Victorian Gothic Revival design with Indian architectural elements and is an outstanding railway building.
53. Which landmark listed here is not itself a UNESCO World Heritage property?
[MP Forest Guard / Jail Prahari — 12 Jun 2023, Shift 3]
A. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
B. Ellora Caves
C. Nalanda Mahavihara archaeological site
D. Hawa Mahal
Answer: D. Hawa Mahal
Explanation: Hawa Mahal is a famous Jaipur landmark but not an individually inscribed World Heritage property. The Historic City of Jaipur is inscribed; however, that is distinct from a separate monument inscription. The other three options correspond to recognised World Heritage properties.
52. Ellora Caves, a UNESCO rock-cut monument complex, are found in which state?
[MP Forest Guard / Jail Prahari — 5 Jun 2023, Shift 3]
A. Himachal Pradesh
B. Maharashtra
C. Andhra Pradesh
D. Tamil Nadu
Answer: B. Maharashtra
Explanation: Ellora is in Maharashtra, near Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar. The cave complex contains Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments created over centuries. Its renowned Kailasa temple is carved from a single rock mass. UNESCO inscribed Ellora Caves in 1983.
51. Which cave complex among these is not an inscribed World Heritage Site?
[MP Forest Guard / Jail Prahari — 5 Jun 2023, Shift 3]
A. Borra Caves
B. Ajanta Caves
C. Elephanta Caves
D. Ellora Caves
Answer: A. Borra Caves
Explanation: Borra Caves in Andhra Pradesh are celebrated limestone caves but have no standalone UNESCO World Heritage inscription. Ajanta, Ellora and Elephanta in Maharashtra are all recognised on the World Heritage List for their outstanding rock-cut monuments.
50. As of 2021, which of these places had UNESCO World Heritage status?
[MP Forest Guard / Jail Prahari — 1 Jun 2023, Shift 3]
A. Bada Imambara
B. Fatehpur Sikri
C. Lakshman Temple at Sirpur
D. Raisen Fort
Answer: B. Fatehpur Sikri
Explanation: Fatehpur Sikri in Uttar Pradesh was inscribed in 1986. Founded by Akbar in the sixteenth century, its fortified palace and religious complex contains notable examples of Mughal architecture, including the Jama Masjid, Panch Mahal and Buland Darwaza.
49. Which UNESCO-listed Indian monument is not principally associated with Buddhist heritage?
[MPTET Varg 2, Social Science — 11 May 2023, Shift 1]
A. Nalanda Mahavihara
B. Mahabodhi Temple Complex
C. Ajanta Caves
D. Khajuraho Group of Monuments
Answer: D. Khajuraho Group of Monuments
Explanation: The temples of Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh belong mainly to Hindu and Jain traditions, unlike the other listed sites which are closely linked to Buddhism. The Chandela-era Khajuraho group was inscribed by UNESCO in 1986.
48. Kaziranga National Park, a UNESCO natural heritage property, is in which state?
[SSC MTS — 8 Sept 2023, Shift 2]
A. Assam
B. Gujarat
C. Karnataka
D. West Bengal
Answer: A. Assam
Explanation: Kaziranga National Park is in Assam and contains important grassland, wetland and forest habitats. It is especially renowned for conserving the greater one-horned rhinoceros. UNESCO inscribed Kaziranga in 1985 for its outstanding natural significance.
47. Which king initiated the construction of the Great Stupa at Sanchi?
[SSC MTS — 8 Sept 2023, Shift 1]
A. Samudragupta
B. Bimbisara
C. Ashoka
D. Chandragupta Maurya
Answer: C. Ashoka
Explanation: The original core of the Great Stupa at Sanchi was commissioned by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in the third century BCE. Later dynasties expanded and decorated it. Sanchi was inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1989.
46. Which of these is widely regarded as the oldest Buddhist stupa complex?
[SSC MTS — 4 Sept 2023, Shift 2]
A. Dhamek Stupa
B. Mahabodhi Stupa
C. Kesariya Stupa
D. Sanchi Stupa
Answer: D. Sanchi Stupa
Explanation: The Great Stupa at Sanchi has a Mauryan-period origin associated with Ashoka and is among India’s oldest stone Buddhist monuments. Its later gateways and railings are major sources for early Buddhist visual culture. UNESCO inscribed Sanchi in 1989.
45. Which Mughal emperor had the Taj Mahal built?
[SSC MTS — 12 Sept 2023, Shift 3]
A. Humayun
B. Jahangir
C. Akbar
D. Shah Jahan
Answer: D. Shah Jahan
Explanation: Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal at Agra as a mausoleum for Mumtaz Mahal. Its white marble, garden arrangement and decorative stone inlay epitomise Mughal funerary architecture. The monument was among India’s first World Heritage inscriptions in 1983.
44. In which city is the UNESCO-listed Red Fort Complex situated?
[SSC MTS — 13 Sept 2023, Shift 3]
A. Lucknow
B. Delhi
C. Indore
D. Ahmedabad
Answer: B. Delhi
Explanation: Delhi’s Red Fort was built under Shah Jahan as the palace-fort of Shahjahanabad. Its red sandstone enclosure, ceremonial halls and palace buildings reflect Mughal planning and aesthetics. UNESCO inscribed the Red Fort Complex in 2007.
43. The Ellora cave monuments are near which city?
[Delhi Police Constable — 17 Nov 2023, Shift 2]
A. Fatehpur Sikri
B. Aurangabad
C. Indore
D. Delhi
Answer: B. Aurangabad
Explanation: The Ellora Caves lie near Aurangabad, now officially Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, in Maharashtra. The rock-cut Buddhist, Hindu and Jain cave monuments demonstrate striking artistic achievement and religious coexistence. UNESCO recognised Ellora as World Heritage in 1983.
42. At which cave complex is the famous rock-cut Kailasa Temple located?
[SSC Stenographer — 12 Oct 2023, Shift 3]
A. Khandagiri Caves
B. Ellora Caves
C. Ajanta Caves
D. Elephanta Caves
Answer: B. Ellora Caves
Explanation: The massive Kailasa Temple is Cave 16 at Ellora in Maharashtra. It is an extraordinary monolithic excavation commonly associated with Rashtrakuta patronage. Ellora’s broader group of Buddhist, Hindu and Jain caves was inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage in 1983.
41. In which state is the Hampi Utsav celebrated?
[SSC GD 2022 — conducted 16 Jan 2023, Shift 3]
A. Karnataka
B. Kerala
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Andhra Pradesh
Answer: A. Karnataka
Explanation: Hampi Utsav celebrates the cultural legacy of the former Vijayanagara capital in Karnataka. The site’s monumental temples, mandapas, market streets and royal remains are globally famous. UNESCO inscribed the Group of Monuments at Hampi in 1986.
40. The prehistoric site of Bhimbetka is in which state?
[SSC CGL 2022 Tier-II — conducted 2 Mar 2023]
A. Bihar
B. Uttar Pradesh
C. Rajasthan
D. Madhya Pradesh
Answer: D. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: The rock shelters of Bhimbetka are in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh. They preserve prehistoric paintings and evidence of long human occupation. UNESCO granted World Heritage status in 2003 for their archaeological significance and exceptional rock art.
39. A traveller wishes to visit all three UNESCO World Heritage properties within Delhi. Which set is correct?
[UPSC CDS — General Knowledge, 16 Apr 2023]
A. Red Fort, Qutb Minar, Jama Masjid
B. Red Fort, India Gate, Qutb Minar
C. Red Fort, Qutb Minar, Humayun’s Tomb
D. Red Fort, Humayun’s Tomb, India Gate
Answer: C. Red Fort, Qutb Minar, Humayun’s Tomb
Explanation: Delhi has three inscribed World Heritage properties: the Red Fort Complex, Qutb Minar and its Monuments, and Humayun’s Tomb. India Gate and Jama Masjid are significant landmarks, but neither is an individually inscribed World Heritage property.
38. About Sanchi, examine:
1. Three gateways stood when rediscovered in 1818;
2. Sculptures portray elephants, horses, monkeys and cattle. Which statements are right?
[UPSC NDA-II — General Ability Test, 3 Sept 2023]
A. Statement 1 alone
B. Statement 2 alone
C. Both statements
D. Neither statement
Answer: C. Both statements
Explanation: The Sanchi monuments preserve gateways bearing narrative sculpture and animal symbolism. Accounts of their nineteenth-century rediscovery describe three gateways standing and a fourth fallen. The site in Madhya Pradesh contains ancient stupas and was inscribed by UNESCO in 1989.
37. As of March 2022, which Indian monument in this list was not on UNESCO’s World Heritage List?
[SSC CPO Tier-I — 9 Nov 2022, Shift 2]
A. Qutb Minar
B. Charminar
C. Agra Fort
D. Red Fort
Answer: B. Charminar
Explanation: Charminar in Hyderabad is historically significant but is not an inscribed World Heritage property. Qutb Minar and Agra Fort entered the list in 1993 and 1983 respectively, while Delhi’s Red Fort Complex was inscribed in 2007.
36. Fatehpur Sikri, a recognised UNESCO World Heritage property, belongs to which state?
[OSSC Welfare Extension Officer — 17 Dec 2022, Shift 1]
A. Gujarat
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Rajasthan
D. Uttar Pradesh
Answer: D. Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: Fatehpur Sikri lies in Agra district, Uttar Pradesh. Akbar developed it as an imperial capital in the sixteenth century. The city’s outstanding Mughal architecture, including palaces and religious structures, led to UNESCO inscription in 1986.
35. In which state are the UNESCO-listed Mahabalipuram monuments located?
[ECGC Probationary Officer — 29 May 2022, memory-based]
A. Karnataka
B. Kerala
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Andhra Pradesh
Answer: C. Tamil Nadu
Explanation: Mamallapuram, also known as Mahabalipuram, is on the Tamil Nadu coast. Its Pallava-era monuments include monolithic rathas, cave sanctuaries and the Shore Temple. UNESCO inscribed the Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram in 1984.
34. To which Hindu deity is Hampi’s Virupaksha Temple dedicated?
[DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant — 3 Apr 2022, Shift 2]
A. Brahma
B. Indra
C. Vishnu
D. Shiva
Answer: D. Shiva
Explanation: The Virupaksha Temple at Hampi is dedicated to Shiva in the form of Virupaksha. It remains an active religious site within the ruins of the Vijayanagara capital. The Group of Monuments at Hampi gained UNESCO inscription in 1986.
33. The Hampi Dance Utsav is a major attraction of which state?
[UPPCL Junior Engineer — 30 Mar 2022, Shift 2]
A. Karnataka
B. Kerala
C. Andhra Pradesh
D. Tamil Nadu
Answer: A. Karnataka
Explanation: Hampi’s festival reflects the rich artistic and historical legacy of Karnataka’s former Vijayanagara capital. The ancient site contains the Virupaksha and Vittala temple complexes among many other remains. UNESCO listed Hampi as World Heritage in 1986.
32. Which ruling dynasty was responsible for the construction of the Konark Sun Temple?
[MPPSC Assistant Professor, History Paper II — 2022]
A. Kadamba dynasty
B. Eastern Ganga dynasty
C. Vakataka dynasty
D. Maukhari dynasty
Answer: B. Eastern Ganga dynasty
Explanation: Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty commissioned the Konark Sun Temple in the thirteenth century. Its elaborate chariot symbolism and sculpted stone wheels are hallmarks of Odisha’s temple architecture. UNESCO inscribed Konark in 1984.
31. Which Karnataka celebration honours the temples of a UNESCO-listed heritage site, often around January?
[SSC CGL Tier-I — 8 Dec 2022, Shift 2]
A. Kambala festival
B. Pattadakal Dance Festival
C. Karaga festival
D. Hoysala festival
Answer: B. Pattadakal Dance Festival
Explanation: The Pattadakal Dance Festival celebrates classical performance against the setting of early Chalukya temples in Karnataka. The Group of Monuments at Pattadakal became a World Heritage Site in 1987, recognised for its synthesis of major Indian temple styles.
30. Why did Dholavira in Gujarat feature prominently in heritage news in 2021?
[RPSC RAS Prelims — 27 Oct 2021]
A. Declaration as a tiger reserve
B. UNESCO World Heritage inscription
C. Notification as a national park
D. Attack on the archaeological site
Answer: B. UNESCO World Heritage inscription
Explanation: Dholavira, a Harappan urban settlement in Gujarat’s Kutch district, entered the World Heritage List in 2021. Its sophisticated reservoirs, street planning and archaeological remains reveal significant aspects of Indus civilisation urbanism and water management.
29. Which Indian site was newly inscribed on UNESCO’s list in July 2021?
[Rajasthan Gram Vikas Adhikari — 27 Dec 2021, Shift 2]
A. Corbett National Park
B. Meenakshi Temple
C. Ramappa Temple
D. Qutb Minar
Answer: C. Ramappa Temple
Explanation: The Kakatiya Rudreshwara, or Ramappa, Temple in Telangana was inscribed in July 2021. Qutb Minar had already been listed in 1993, whereas Meenakshi Temple and Corbett National Park were not newly inscribed World Heritage properties.
28. Which eleventh-century scholar first recorded the name Khajuraho, according to the examination?
[WBCS Prelims — 22 Aug 2021]
A. Ibn Battuta
B. Ibn Sina
C. Al-Biruni
D. Omar Khayyam
Answer: C. Al-Biruni
Explanation: Al-Biruni described many aspects of Indian life and places in his eleventh-century writings. The Khajuraho temples were erected mainly under Chandela rulers and are renowned for artistic stone carving. UNESCO inscribed the Khajuraho Group in 1986.
27. Which property was India’s submission for the 2021–22 World Heritage nomination cycle?
[RRB NTPC CBT-I — 26 Jul 2021, Shift 1]
A. Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas
B. Bhimbetka Rock Shelters
C. Dholavira
D. Santiniketan
Answer: A. Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas
Explanation: India advanced the Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas nomination for the 2021–22 cycle. The Karnataka temple complexes ultimately entered the World Heritage List in 2023. Bhimbetka had already been listed, while Dholavira was inscribed in 2021.
26. Where is the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, part of a UNESCO heritage complex?
[RRB NTPC CBT-I — 7 Apr 2021, Shift 1]
A. Mandsaur
B. Bhubaneswar
C. Khajuraho
D. Mahabalipuram
Answer: C. Khajuraho
Explanation: The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is among the finest temples at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh. It reflects the mature Nagara style under Chandela patronage. UNESCO inscribed Khajuraho’s outstanding group of Hindu and Jain temples in 1986.
25. In which year was Fatehpur Sikri placed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List?
[UP Police Sub-Inspector — 1 Dec 2021, Shift 1]
A. 1986
B. 1990
C. 1972
D. 1979
Answer: A. 1986
Explanation: UNESCO inscribed Fatehpur Sikri in 1986. Emperor Akbar founded the Mughal capital in the sixteenth century, producing a highly distinctive palace, mosque and ceremonial ensemble. The town is near Agra in Uttar Pradesh.
24. In what year did the ruins at Hampi gain UNESCO World Heritage status?
[UP Police Sub-Inspector — 16 Nov 2021, Shift 3]
A. 2006
B. 1986
C. 1996
D. 1976
Answer: B. 1986
Explanation: The Group of Monuments at Hampi was inscribed in 1986. The site in Karnataka preserves monumental remains of Vijayanagara, including religious complexes, market streets, royal buildings and engineered water systems. It remains one of India’s important archaeological landscapes.
23. Which Indian temple complex among these appears on UNESCO’s World Heritage List?
[RRB NTPC CBT-I — 4 Feb 2021, Shift 2]
A. Khajuraho
B. Vaishno Devi shrine
C. Akshardham Temple
D. Krimchi Temple
Answer: A. Khajuraho
Explanation: The Khajuraho Group of Monuments in Madhya Pradesh was inscribed in 1986. Developed under the Chandela dynasty, it contains extraordinary Hindu and Jain temples. Their intricate sculpture and classical Nagara architecture underpin their international heritage significance.
22. Which pairing of a UNESCO monument and its state is incorrect?
[RRB NTPC CBT-I — 15 Feb 2021, Shift 1]
A. Konark Sun Temple — Odisha
B. Elephanta Caves — Karnataka
C. Fatehpur Sikri — Uttar Pradesh
D. Sundarbans National Park — West Bengal
Answer: B. Elephanta Caves — Karnataka
Explanation: Elephanta Caves are on an island near Mumbai in Maharashtra, not Karnataka. The other pairs are correctly located. Elephanta, inscribed in 1987, is especially admired for large rock-cut sculptures related to Shaiva religious traditions.
21. In which year did the Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi enter the UNESCO World Heritage List?
[SSC GD — 22 Nov 2021, Shift 3]
A. 1989
B. 1999
C. 1967
D. 2014
Answer: A. 1989
Explanation: UNESCO inscribed the Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi in 1989. The complex contains stupas, temples and monastic remains in Madhya Pradesh. The Great Stupa’s Ashokan core and later sculpted gateways are especially important for Indian Buddhist art history.
20. Which national park in this list was an inscribed UNESCO natural World Heritage Site as of September 2020?
[SSC MTS 2020 — conducted 11 Oct 2021, Shift 3]
A. Dachigam National Park
B. Gir National Park
C. Hemis National Park
D. Keoladeo National Park
Answer: D. Keoladeo National Park
Explanation: Keoladeo National Park at Bharatpur in Rajasthan became a UNESCO World Heritage property in 1985. It is an important wetland for resident and migratory birds. Dachigam, Gir and Hemis were not inscribed natural World Heritage properties at that date.
19. As of July 2020, which listed monument did not have UNESCO World Heritage recognition?
[SSC MTS 2020 — conducted 13 Oct 2021, Shift 1]
A. Jantar Mantar, Delhi
B. Jantar Mantar, Jaipur
C. Elephanta Caves
D. Rani-ki-Vav
Answer: A. Jantar Mantar, Delhi
Explanation: The Jaipur Jantar Mantar is inscribed as World Heritage, but the separate Jantar Mantar observatory in Delhi is not. Elephanta Caves and Rani-ki-Vav are also listed properties. The crucial distinction is between the two historic observatories.
18. Which international body formally declared Hampi a World Heritage Site?
[RRB NTPC CBT-I — 12 Jan 2021, Shift 1]
A. IMF
B. United Nations Organisation directly
C. World Health Organization
D. UNESCO
Answer: D. UNESCO
Explanation: UNESCO administers the World Heritage Convention and maintains the World Heritage List through its intergovernmental mechanisms. The ruins of Hampi in Karnataka were listed in 1986 for the artistic, architectural and urban legacy of Vijayanagara.
17. Which Uttar Pradesh UNESCO heritage town was constructed under Emperor Akbar?
[UPRVUNL Technician Grade II — 14 Jul 2021, Shift 1]
A. Taj Mahal
B. Fatehpur Sikri
C. Hampi
D. Red Fort
Answer: B. Fatehpur Sikri
Explanation: Fatehpur Sikri was created as an imperial centre under Akbar in the sixteenth century. It is near Agra in Uttar Pradesh. UNESCO listed the complex in 1986 for its outstanding architecture and importance in Mughal history.
16. Who built the Alai Darwaza gateway in the Qutb World Heritage complex?
[WBCS Prelims — 2020]
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Akbar
C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D. Jahangir
Answer: A. Alauddin Khalji
Explanation: Alauddin Khalji constructed Alai Darwaza in the early fourteenth century as a monumental gateway in Delhi’s Qutb complex. Its red sandstone, marble and arches exemplify early Sultanate architecture. UNESCO inscribed Qutb Minar and its Monuments in 1993.
15. At which UNESCO-listed site can one find nine Hindu temples and a Jain sanctuary?
[Delhi Police Constable — 9 Dec 2020, Shift 1]
A. Pattadakal
B. Bodh Gaya
C. Mahabalipuram
D. Sanchi
Answer: A. Pattadakal
Explanation: Pattadakal in Karnataka contains a notable group of early Chalukya temples reflecting Nagara and Dravida architectural traditions. The complex comprises significant Hindu temples and a Jain shrine. UNESCO declared the Group of Monuments at Pattadakal World Heritage in 1987.
14. Which city was already listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage City by August 2020?
[Delhi Police Constable — 9 Dec 2020, Shift 2]
A. Jaipur
B. Bhopal
C. Pune
D. Udaipur
Answer: A. Jaipur
Explanation: The walled city of Jaipur was inscribed in 2019. Its eighteenth-century planned street grid, market layout and characteristic architecture reflect a distinctive urban tradition. Jaipur followed Ahmedabad, which had become India’s first inscribed historic city in 2017.
13. A CGPSC paper asked which two Madhya Pradesh cities featured in December 2020 news about UNESCO’s Historic Urban Landscape initiative. Which pair was it?
[CGPSC Civil Service Preliminary Examination 2020 — GS Paper I]
A. Indore and Gwalior
B. Orchha and Gwalior
C. Bhopal and Rewa
D. Bhopal and Indore
Answer: B. Orchha and Gwalior
Explanation: Orchha and Gwalior were selected for a Historic Urban Landscape pilot initiative. Importantly, UNESCO formally clarified on 12 December 2020 that neither city had thereby been inscribed on the World Heritage List; the original exam question conflated these two distinct programmes.
12. Which city hosted the 43rd World Heritage Committee session where Jaipur received inscription?
[UPPSC Civil Services Prelims — 2019, Paper I]
A. Baku
B. Bishkek
C. Istanbul
D. Marrakesh
Answer: A. Baku
Explanation: The 43rd session of UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee took place in Baku, Azerbaijan, in 2019. At that meeting Jaipur City in Rajasthan was added to the list for its planned urban layout and architectural heritage.
11. For which main ecological feature was Sundarbans recognised as a World Heritage property?
[WBCS Prelims — 2019]
A. Tiger reserve label alone
B. Sundari tree alone
C. Mangrove forest ecosystem
D. General biodiversity alone
Answer: C. Mangrove forest ecosystem
Explanation: Sundarbans National Park in West Bengal was inscribed by UNESCO in 1987 for its exceptional tidal mangrove ecosystem and associated wildlife. Its estuarine islands, creeks and habitats support globally important species including the Bengal tiger.
10. Which UNESCO World Heritage site in the options is not situated in Delhi?
[RPF Sub-Inspector — 6 Jan 2019, Shift 2]
A. Elephanta Caves
B. Humayun’s Tomb
C. Qutb Minar
D. Red Fort
Answer: A. Elephanta Caves
Explanation: Elephanta Caves lie on Elephanta Island near Mumbai in Maharashtra. Humayun’s Tomb, Qutb Minar and the Red Fort are all UNESCO-inscribed properties situated in Delhi. Elephanta’s most celebrated carvings depict the Hindu god Shiva.
9. In which state is the World Heritage-listed Khajuraho temple group?
[DSSSB Librarian — 4 Aug 2018]
A. Karnataka
B. Maharashtra
C. Madhya Pradesh
D. None of these
Answer: C. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: Khajuraho lies in Madhya Pradesh and was developed under Chandela rule. The temple complex includes important Hindu and Jain shrines whose sculptural programmes are celebrated worldwide. UNESCO inscribed the Group of Monuments at Khajuraho in 1986.
8. Which of these hill railways was not inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage property?
[RRB NTPC CBT-II 2016 paper — held 17 Jan 2017, Shift 2]
A. Matheran Hill Railway
B. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
C. Kalka–Shimla Railway
D. Nilgiri Mountain Railway
Answer: A. Matheran Hill Railway
Explanation: Matheran Hill Railway is not one of the three lines inscribed under the Mountain Railways of India property. The recognised components are Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, Nilgiri Mountain Railway and Kalka–Shimla Railway, added in 1999, 2005 and 2008.
7. Which Indian national park was added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List in July 2016?
[RRB NTPC CBT-II 2016 paper — held 18 Jan 2017, Shift 1]
A. Khangchendzonga National Park
B. Mahabodhi Temple Complex
C. Kaziranga National Park
D. Keibul Lamjao National Park
Answer: A. Khangchendzonga National Park
Explanation: Khangchendzonga National Park in Sikkim became India’s first mixed World Heritage property in 2016. It combines exceptional Himalayan natural systems and sacred cultural associations. The other previously inscribed properties on the list had received recognition in earlier years.
6. In which Indian city is the UNESCO-listed Capitol Complex designed by Le Corbusier?
[RRB NTPC CBT-II 2016 paper — held 17 Jan 2017, Shift 2]
A. Kochi
B. Chandigarh
C. Goa
D. Puducherry
Answer: B. Chandigarh
Explanation: The Capitol Complex in Chandigarh is part of the transnational World Heritage property The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, inscribed in 2016. Its monumental civic architecture expresses ideas of the Modern Movement and twentieth-century urban design.
5. Which of these is the odd one out because it lacked World Heritage inscription?
[RRB NTPC Tier-I — 6 Apr 2016, Shift 1]
A. Rashtrapati Bhavan
B. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
C. Taj Mahal
D. Konark Sun Temple
Answer: A. Rashtrapati Bhavan
Explanation: Rashtrapati Bhavan is an important national monument but is not individually inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage property. The Mumbai railway terminus, Taj Mahal and Konark Sun Temple are inscribed properties recognised for their architectural importance.
4. Which treaties are linked to biodiversity:
1. Plant Genetic Resources Treaty;
2. UN Convention to Combat Desertification;
3. World Heritage Convention?
[UPSC CSE Prelims — GS Paper I, 24 Aug 2014]
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D. 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: All three agreements can affect biodiversity conservation. The World Heritage Convention recognises natural properties of outstanding universal value, while the plant genetic resources treaty concerns crop diversity and the desertification convention addresses land degradation and ecosystems.
3. Which option had most recently joined UNESCO’s World Heritage List when this question was asked?
[UPSC CSE Prelims — 2009]
A. Dilwara Temples
B. Kalka–Shimla Railway
C. Bhitarkanika Mangroves
D. Visakhapatnam–Araku railway
Answer: B. Kalka–Shimla Railway
Explanation: The Kalka–Shimla Railway was added in 2008 to the existing Mountain Railways of India World Heritage property. Its engineering over difficult Himalayan terrain complements the Darjeeling Himalayan and Nilgiri mountain railway components.
2. Consider Champaner–Pavagadh, Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mamallapuram and Konark Sun Temple. Which were World Heritage Sites by 2005?
[UPSC CSE Prelims — 2005]
A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 1, 3 and 4
C. 2 and 4
D. All four
Answer: D. All four
Explanation: All four properties were on the World Heritage List by 2005. Champaner–Pavagadh and the Mumbai terminus were inscribed in 2004; Mamallapuram and Konark had received UNESCO recognition in 1984. Their inclusion covers diverse architectural traditions.
1. Match dynasties I. Gupta, II. Chandella, III. Chalukya and IV. Pallava
with sites A. Badami, B. Panamalai, C. Khajuraho and D. Deogarh.
Select the correct code.
[UPSC CSE Prelims — 1997]
A. I–D, II–C, III–A, IV–B
B. I–D, II–B, III–C, IV–A
C. I–B, II–C, III–D, IV–A
D. I–C, II–D, III–A, IV–B
Answer: A. I–D, II–C, III–A, IV–B
Explanation: The Chandellas patronised the UNESCO-listed temples of Khajuraho; Chalukyan monuments are associated with Badami, while Pallava architecture extends to Panamalai and Mamallapuram. The Gupta period is associated with the Dashavatara Temple at Deogarh.