Q70. The Vijayanagara kingdom was established in 1336 by:
[SSC CPO – 2023]
A. Venkata II
B. Deva Raya II
C. Krishnadevaraya
D. Harihara and Bukka
Answer: D. Harihara and Bukka
Explanation: The brothers founded the Sangama dynasty and established their capital in the Tungabhadra region, from which Vijayanagara expanded across southern India.
Q69. Which battle led to the destruction and severe weakening of the Vijayanagara capital?
[SSC MTS – 2023]
A. Raichur
B. Haldighati
C. Talikota
D. Arcot
Answer: C. Talikota
Explanation: The allied Deccan Sultanates defeated Vijayanagara in 1565. Hampi was then systematically plundered, although the dynasty continued from other capitals afterward.
Q68. Which Persian ruler’s ambassador travelled to Vijayanagara and recorded its grandeur?
[SSC MTS – 2023]
A. Niccolò de’ Conti
B. Abdur Razzaq
C. Duarte Barbosa
D. Fernao Nuniz
Answer: B. Abdur Razzaq
Explanation: Abdur Razzaq served as an ambassador of Timurid ruler Shah Rukh. His fifteenth-century narrative is a major foreign source for Deva Raya II’s Vijayanagara.
Q67. In which year was the Battle of Talikota fought?
[SSC MTS – 2023]
A. 1565
B. 1575
C. 1545
D. 1555
Answer: A. 1565
Explanation: Talikota took place in January 1565 and resulted in Rama Raya’s defeat and death. It marked the end of Vijayanagara’s undisputed dominance in southern India.
Q66. ______ was the capital city of the Vijayanagara Empire.
[SSC CHSL – 2023, 2022 cycle]
A. Magadha
B. Kanchi
C. Hampi
D. Kalyani
Answer: C. Hampi
Explanation: Hampi, situated along the Tungabhadra in Karnataka, contains the magnificent ruins of Vijayanagara’s political, religious and commercial capital.
Q65. In which year was the Vijayanagara Empire established?
[CRPF Constable – 2023]
A. 1347
B. 1370
C. 1356
D. 1336
Answer: D. 1336
Explanation: The foundation of Vijayanagara in 1336 preceded the establishment of the Bahmani Sultanate in 1347, creating two powerful rival political formations in the Deccan.
Q64. Which system was a major political innovation of Vijayanagara administration?
[CRPF Constable – 2023]
A. Iqtadari
B. Khas-i-Khel
C. Amara-Nayaka
D. Dahsala
Answer: C. Amara-Nayaka
Explanation: The Amara-Nayaka system assigned revenue-producing territories to military chiefs in return for troops, tribute and service, creating a powerful but potentially decentralising military structure.
Q63. Hampi is situated on the bank of which river?
[Odisha Police SI – 2023]
A. Tungabhadra
B. Godavari
C. Cauvery
D. Krishna
Answer: A. Tungabhadra
Explanation: The Tungabhadra shaped Vijayanagara’s location, defence, agriculture and sacred geography. Extensive canals and tanks channelled its water throughout the metropolitan region.
Q62. The name “Hampi” is derived from which local goddess?
[Delhi Police Constable – 2023]
A. Hampini
B. Hidimba
C. Lakshmi
D. Pampadevi
Answer: D. Pampadevi
Explanation: Hampi derives from Pampa, the local mother goddess associated with the Tungabhadra landscape and later identified with Parvati, consort of Virupaksha-Shiva.
Q61. Domingo Paes, who visited Vijayanagara, was a traveller from:
[SSC JE – 2023]
A. Spain
B. Portugal
C. Italy
D. Russia
Answer: B. Portugal
Explanation: Portuguese visitor Domingo Paes travelled to Vijayanagara during Krishnadevaraya’s reign and described its markets, festivals, irrigation, military power and extraordinary urban prosperity.
