Q80. The MISHTI scheme focuses on the restoration of which ecosystem?
[SSC GD Constable (23 Feb 2024)]
(A) Coniferous forests
(B) Tropical evergreen forests
(C) Tropical deciduous forests
(D) Mangrove forests
Answer: (D) Mangrove forests
Explanation: MISHTI stands for Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats and Tangible Incomes. The programme promotes mangrove plantations and restoration on suitable coasts. Healthy mangroves help reduce shoreline erosion and support biodiversity and coastal communities.
Q79. The Sundarbans occur in the delta of which river system?
[RPF SI CBT-I (9 Dec 2024, Shift 2)]
(A) Cauvery
(B) Sindhu
(C) Godavari
(D) Ganga–Brahmaputra–Meghna
Answer: (D) Ganga–Brahmaputra–Meghna
Explanation: The Sundarbans occupy the lower Ganga–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta. Huge riverborne sediment deposits, frequent tidal inundation and saline water create a complex estuarine environment. Mangroves thrive across the region’s islands and muddy shorelines.
Q78. Oak and chestnut trees are associated mainly with which forest type?
[SSC MTS (12 Nov 2024, Shift 3)]
(A) Tropical deciduous
(B) Thorn scrub
(C) Mangrove
(D) Montane
Answer: (D) Montane
Explanation: Oaks and chestnuts grow in temperate mountain forests, particularly in moist Himalayan elevations. Vegetation changes systematically with altitude as temperature decreases. Mangroves, in contrast, are characteristic of warm coastal tidal wetlands.
Q77. In which region of India are tropical evergreen forests prominently found?
[SSC CPO (27 Jun 2024, Shift 2)]
(A) Thar Desert
(B) Western Ghats
(C) Dry Eastern Ghats
(D) Rann of Kutch
Answer: (B) Western Ghats
Explanation: The Western Ghats receive abundant orographic rainfall, allowing tropical evergreen forests to develop, particularly on wetter slopes. Constant moisture promotes tall trees, epiphytes and multiple canopy layers. The Thar and Rann are much drier.
Q76. Which statement about tropical evergreen forests of the Western Ghats is FALSE?
[OSSC Excise SI Mains (17 Oct 2024, Shift 2)]
(A) Trees can reach great heights
(B) All trees shed leaves in one season
(C) Rainfall is generally high
(D) Vegetation occurs in several layers
Answer: (B) All trees shed leaves in one season
Explanation: Tropical evergreen forests do not undergo synchronized seasonal leaf fall. Different species replace leaves at different times, so the canopy remains green. High precipitation and warm conditions sustain tall, stratified vegetation in the wet Western Ghats.
Q75. Which commercially valuable tree commonly occurs in tropical evergreen forests?
[RPF SI CBT-I (13 Dec 2024, Shift 3)]
(A) Ebony
(B) Pine
(C) Oak
(D) Teak
Answer: (A) Ebony
Explanation: Ebony is a characteristic tropical evergreen hardwood requiring humid conditions. Pine and oak are more associated with mountain vegetation. Teak is typical of tropical deciduous forests and frequently sheds its leaves during prolonged dry weather.
Q74. In which state are the Sundarbans mangrove forests located?
[DSSSB Jail Warder (11 Jun 2024, Shift 2)]
(A) West Bengal
(B) Kerala
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Odisha
Answer: (A) West Bengal
Explanation: The Indian Sundarbans lie in the southern part of West Bengal in the Bengal delta. Mangrove trees withstand brackish water and tidal flooding. The landscape contains creeks, muddy islands and wildlife habitats.
Q73. Sundarban National Park is located in which state?
[OSSSC Forest Guard (30 Apr 2024, Shift 1)]
(A) Odisha
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Madhya Pradesh
(D) West Bengal
Answer: (D) West Bengal
Explanation: Sundarban National Park is part of the mangrove-covered delta in West Bengal. Its tidal waterways, salt-tolerant forests and rich biodiversity make it ecologically exceptional. The protected area was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1987.
Q72. Ebony, mahogany and cinchona are associated with which forests?
[SSC MTS (17 Oct 2024, Shift 1)]
(A) Tropical deciduous
(B) Thorn and scrub
(C) Mangrove
(D) Tropical evergreen
Answer: (D) Tropical evergreen
Explanation: Ebony, mahogany and cinchona are associated with tropical evergreen forests in Indian school geography. These forests require high precipitation and humidity, contain many tree species and remain green without a synchronized annual leaf-shedding season.
Q71. In India, Sholas are:
[APPSC Group-I Prelims (17 Mar 2024)]
(A) Tropical forests found in the Bastar region
(B) Tropical evergreen forests of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(C) Moist deciduous forests in the northeastern states
(D) Temperate forests in the Anaimalai and Palani hills
Answer: (D) Temperate forests in the Anaimalai and Palani hills
Explanation: Shola forests occur in sheltered valleys of the higher southern Western Ghats, often alternating with montane grasslands. The Anaimalai and Palani Hills have such ecosystems. Their moisture-loving evergreen patches differ from lowland monsoon woodland.
