Q40. The species Heritiera fomes is commonly known as what?
[SSC CGL Tier-I (25 Jul 2023, Shift 2)]
(A) Kachnar
(B) Sundari
(C) Kusum
(D) Arjun
Answer: (B) Sundari
Explanation: Heritiera fomes is the sundari tree, a characteristic species of the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. It occurs in tidal swamp habitat, and its strong wood has commercial value. The species is closely associated with the forest’s name.
Q39. Shola forests are especially found in which Indian region?
[Delhi Police Constable (22 Nov 2023, Shift 2)]
(A) Eastern Himalayas
(B) Western Ghats
(C) Thar Desert
(D) Deccan dry plains
Answer: (B) Western Ghats
Explanation: Shola forests are patches of stunted montane evergreen vegetation in high-elevation valleys of the southern Western Ghats. They often alternate with grasslands. Their moisture-rich cool habitats contrast with dry thorn scrub of the Thar Desert.
Q38. Which scheme was announced in the 2023–24 Union Budget for mangrove plantation and conservation?
[DDA Junior Engineer Civil (1 Apr 2023, Shift 2)]
(A) MISHTI
(B) UMANG
(C) SAMARTH
(D) JUNGAL
Answer: (A) MISHTI
Explanation: MISHTI, or Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats and Tangible Incomes, was announced in the 2023–24 Budget. It promotes planting and rehabilitation in suitable coastal settings. These forests protect shores and sustain coastal biodiversity.
Q37. In which Indian region are tropical thorn forests most widespread?
[MPTET Varg-2 Social Science (16 May 2023, Shift 2)]
(A) Northwest India
(B) Eastern coastal plains
(C) Southwestern wet coast
(D) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Answer: (A) Northwest India
Explanation: Arid northwestern India has extensive tropical thorn forest and scrub because rainfall is low and the dry season is long. Drought-adapted trees have small leaves, thorns and deep roots to conserve scarce water.
Q36. In which vegetation do trees typically shed their leaves for six to eight weeks during dry summer?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I, 2022 Cycle (10 Mar 2023, Shift 4)]
(A) Tropical deciduous forests
(B) Tropical evergreen forests
(C) Montane coniferous forests
(D) Mangrove forests
Answer: (A) Tropical deciduous forests
Explanation: Tropical deciduous forests commonly shed leaves for several weeks during the hot dry period to reduce water loss. Their species respond to seasonal monsoon rainfall. Evergreen trees instead shed foliage at different times throughout the year.
Q35. Silver fir, junipers, pines and birches are common trees of which Indian forests?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I, 2022 Cycle (15 Mar 2023, Shift 1)]
(A) Tropical deciduous
(B) Mangrove
(C) Tropical evergreen
(D) Montane forests
Answer: (D) Montane forests
Explanation: Fir, juniper, pine and birch are closely associated with montane forest and subalpine vegetation of the Himalayas. These trees tolerate cooler temperatures at higher elevations. Mangroves instead occupy low-lying tidal coastal regions.
Q34. A place receives heavy rainfall throughout the year. Which forest is most likely nearby?
[MP Police Constable (16 Aug 2023, Shift 1)]
(A) Tropical evergreen forest
(B) Tropical deciduous forest
(C) Temperate evergreen forest
(D) Temperate deciduous forest
Answer: (A) Tropical evergreen forest
Explanation: Persistent heavy rain and warm temperatures create the humid environment needed by tropical evergreen forests. Their trees form a dense multilayered canopy and remain green year-round. Dry-season deciduous vegetation occurs where rainfall is more seasonal.
Q33. Rubber trees are associated mainly with which type of vegetation?
[OTET Social Studies Paper-II (1 Jul 2023)]
(A) Tropical deciduous
(B) Himalayan
(C) Tidal
(D) Tropical evergreen
Answer: (D) Tropical evergreen
Explanation: Rubber trees grow best in warm, humid tropical conditions and are linked to evergreen forest environments. India cultivates rubber extensively in suitable high-rainfall southern areas. The tree differs from Himalayan conifers and saline-water mangroves.
Q32. Which tree is found in greatest abundance in the Sitanadi area of Chhattisgarh?
[CGPSC Prelims General Studies (2023)]
(A) Bamboo
(B) Teak
(C) Mahua
(D) Sal
Answer: (D) Sal
Explanation: The Sitanadi region of Chhattisgarh is known for extensive sal forests, alongside teak, bamboo and other species. Sal is an important hardwood of moist tropical deciduous vegetation and supplies valuable timber and forest products.
Q31. Which forest type is NOT naturally found in Madhya Pradesh?
[MPPSC State Service Prelims (17 Dec 2023)]
(A) Tropical moist deciduous forests
(B) Sub-humid hill forests
(C) Thorn forests
(D) Alpine forests
Answer: (D) Alpine forests
Explanation: Madhya Pradesh contains tropical deciduous and dry scrub vegetation under varying rainfall conditions. Alpine forests and meadows belong to high mountain environments above the tree line, absent from the state’s comparatively low elevations.
